Okuqukethwe
Amakhowe asekwindla abelokhu edumile phakathi kwabaqoki bamakhowe. Phela, lezi zitshalo ezithela izithelo zikhula emakoloni amakhulu, futhi isivuno esikhulu samakhowe singavunwa esiphunzini esisodwa noma esiqwini sesihlahla esiwile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhowe abhekwa njengewusizo kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus, insimbi, i-calcium, kanye namavithamini ahlukahlukene kanye nezakhi zokulandelela. Kukhona namakhowe asekwindla, abizwa ngokuthi amakhowe asebukhosini.
Amakhowe asebukhosini athethelela ngokugcwele igama lawo, asakazeke phakathi kwabantu. Izigqoko zalolu hlobo zifinyelela ku-20 cm ububanzi, futhi zikhule ngaphezu kwama-20 cm ubude. Ezweni lesayensi, amakhowe asebukhosini abizwa ngokuthi ama-golden flakes.
Lawa makhowe asekwindla awakhuli ngamaqoqo amakhulu njengezinye izinhlobo. I-honey agaric royal noma i-golden flake ikhetha "isizungu" noma ikhule ngamaqembu amancane. Lolu hlobo aluvamile, kodwa abaqoki bamakhowe, ngisho nakulezi zimo, abawaqoqi njalo, bewabheka njengangenakudliwa. Kodwa kufanele ngisho ukuthi ukunambitheka kwamakhowe we-scaly royal empeleni akufani nezinhlobo zekwindla ezithandwayo nezithandwayo.
Abavuni bamakhowe abasaqalayo bayabuza: ingabe ikhowe lasebukhosini liyadliwa noma cha? Ukuze sithole impendulo yalo mbuzo, ake sibheke isithombe kanye nencazelo yamakhowe asebukhosini.
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Amakhowe asebukhosini abukeka kanjani: izithombe nezincazelo zamakhowe
Igama lesi Latin: Pholiota aurivella.
Umndeni: i-strophariaceae.
Hlunga nge: i-foil noma i-flake.
omqondofana: i-royal honey agaric, i-golden flake, i-sulphur-yellow flake, i-willow.
Ukudla: amakhowe adliwayo.
umugqa: ububanzi be-cap bukhulu, esemncane kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-10 cm; ezibonelweni zabantu abadala, kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 cm. Ikepisi linomumo ofana nensimbi ngobubanzi, kodwa liyashintsha ngokuya ngobudala liye esimweni esiyindilinga esiyindilinga. Umbala wekepisi uyahluka ukusuka kokuphuzi okugqwalile kuye kwegolide elingcolile. Yonke ingaphezulu yekepisi inamacashazi anezikali ezithambile zombala obomvu.
Umlenze: ubude busuka ku-6 kuye ku-12 cm, ububanzi busuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 cm. Umthunzi ominyene, onsundu ngokuphuzi onezikali ezinsundu ezitholakala kuwo. Isiqu sakhiwe ngendandatho ene-fibrous, kodwa njengoba isikhunta sikhula, indandatho iyanyamalala.
Amarekhodi: ebanzi futhi adnate emlenzeni nge denticles. Umbala wamapuleti esemncane we-fungus utshani obulula. Njengoba zikhula, umbala uba umnqumo noma onsundu.
I-Pulp: inephunga elimnandi, umbala omhlophe-ophuzi.
Isicelo: amakhowe awusizo kakhulu kubantu abaphethwe i-anemia. Ziqukethe i-magnesium nensimbi eningi - izinto ezihilelekile ku-hematopoiesis. Ukudla i-honey agaric ye-autumn royal kusiza ukubuyisela ukuntuleka kwamaminerali emzimbeni womuntu futhi kwandise i-hemoglobin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lulawula ukusebenza kahle kwendlala yegilo.
Spread: evame ukutholakala emahlathini avuthulukayo, kanye nasemahlathini ane-coniferous ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kulo lonke Izwe Lethu.
Izithombe zamakhowe asebukhosini zizosiza abaqoki bamakhowe abasaqalayo ukuhlukanisa lolu hlobo kumakhowe amanga:
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Akhula kuphi amakhowe asebukhosini asekwindla?
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Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinhlobo ezidliwayo zamakhowe asebukhosini zikhula eziqwini zezihlahla ezilimele, iziphunzi ezindala, ezisikwe isikhathi eside. Angabuye atholakale phansi eduze kwezimpande zokhuni oluqinile olufile kanye namaconifers. Ukuthelelwa kwe-agarics yegolide noma uju lwasebukhosini kuqala ngo-August futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Izakhamizi zasePrimorsky Krai zingakhetha lawa makhowe amangalisayo kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya maphakathi noSepthemba.
Ikuphi enye indawo amila kuyo amakhowe asebukhosini, futhi yiziphi izihlahla ezithanda kakhulu? Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lwamakhowe luhlala eziqwini zezihlahla ezivuthulukayo, ikakhulukazi ku-alder noma ku-willow, ngezinye izikhathi zikhetha iziqu ze-birch ne-birch, kancane kancane - izihlahla ze-coniferous ezindaweni ezimanzi. Bheka izithombe ezingezansi ezibonisa ukuthi amakhowe asebukhosini abukeka kanjani ezihlahleni ezisehlathini:
Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nabaqoki bamakhowe abanolwazi, ngenxa yokuvela okungajwayelekile kwama-flakes egolide, bawadidanisa namakhowe amanga akhula ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela izithombe zamakhowe asebukhosini adliwayo namanga:
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ama-flakes noma amakhowe asebukhosini amakhowe adliwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kufanele kubiliswe emanzini anosawoti imizuzu engama-20-25. Njengoba amakhowe asebukhosini enokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, asetshenziswa kuma-appetizers, amasaladi, izifundo zokuqala nezesibili. Ama-flakes ahamba kahle ikakhulukazi namazambane athosiwe noma abilisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulawa makhowe, omama abaningi basekhaya benza amalungiselelo ebusika: zifakwe emanzini anosawoti, usawoti, iqhwa futhi omisiwe.
Ngezinye izikhathi amakhowe angatholakala emahlathini kaphayini nasemahlathini espruce. Ibukeka kanjani ikhowa lasebukhosini uma ulithola ehlathini le-coniferous? Ngokuvamile, izikali eziqoqwe emahlathini avuthulukayo ziyehluka kulezo ezikhula kuma-coniferous. Umehluko wokuqala wamakhowe atholakala emahlathini kaphayini umbala omnyama we-cap nezikali, kanti okwesibili ukunambitheka okubabayo. Nokho, kunovithamini C, PP no-E amaningi kumakhowe asebukhosini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amakholori angu-100 kuphela nge-22 g ye-flake, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwalolu hlobo kuphansi kakhulu. Yingakho ziwusizo kwabadla imifino kanye nalabo abalandela ukudla okunekhalori ephansi. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ne-calcium, amakhowe asebukhosini ancintisana ngisho nezinhlanzi.
Ochwepheshe baklelise amakhowe asebukhosini esigabeni IV sokudleka. Yingakho kwamanye amazwe azidliwa futhi aziqoqwa ngisho nokuqoqwa, ngoba lesi sigaba singesohlobo lwezilwane ezingadliwa phesheya. Nokho, Ezweni Lethu zilungiswa ngendlela efanayo namakhowe avamile asekwindla. Zibiliswa ngaphambili emanzini anosawoti bese kuphela ezithosiwe, ziphekwe noma zibilisiwe izifundo zokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhowe asekwindla asebukhosini asetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokupheka: bapheka isitshulu samakhowe, i-julienne, benza i-caviar, ama-pastes, amasoso, ama-hodgepodges kanye namakhowe okugcwalisa ama-pizza namaphayi.
Izigqoko zamakhowe asebukhosini, afana namabhola e-prickly, zihle kakhulu ukucwiliswa noma usawoti. Kodwa-ke, i-mushroom ngayinye kufanele icutshungulwe ngokuyinhloko: ukuhlanzwa kusuka esikalini kanye nemfucumfucu yehlathi. Ukunambitheka okuyinhloko kwe-flake yegolide kufihliwe ezigqokweni. Imilenze emva kwamathumba amade iba nzima futhi yome.
Nakuba i-golden flake isabalele Ezweni Lethu futhi ibonakala kahle, ayiqoqwa njalo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bambalwa abantu abazi lolu hlobo lwamakhowe. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe beqiniso bezibiliboco zamakhowe bakubeka ngokulingana namakhowe asekwindla ngisho namakhowe. Sikunikeza ukuthi ubukele ividiyo yokuqoqa amakhowe asebukhosini emahlathini avuthulukayo ngabathandi "bokuzingela buthule":
Ungawahlukanisa kanjani amakhowe asebukhosini kumakhowe amanga (ngesithombe)
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Ngokuvamile, amakhowe asebukhosini abizwa ngokuthi ama-willows, ngoba avunwa emizaneni. Lamakhowe akhula cishe kusukela phakathi nehlobo kuze kube ungqoqwane. Abacosheli bamakhowe abangenalwazi bangase badide ikhowe elidliwayo nebhu elingenakudliwa. Indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe asebukhosini kumakhowe angamanga angenakudliwa? Umlilo wamanga we-agaric wezinyosi ukhula kuphela emlotheni, kanye nemililo emidala, egcwele utshani nezihlahla. Inombala ogqamile, ukunambitheka okubabayo kanye nephunga elibi. Nakuba i-pulp inamanzi futhi iminyene, ayidliwa ngenxa yephunga. Isikhunta singaba usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa ukuqhathanisa izithombe ze-royal honey agaric namanga:
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zasebukhosini zamakhowe, athathwa njengokudliwa ngokwemibandela.
Isibonelo, i-flake i-mucous, efana kakhulu ne-flake yegolide yasebukhosini. Izigqoko zamakhowe amancane zimise okwensimbi, eziphenduka zibe concave njengoba amakhowe ekhula, futhi imiphetho yekepisi iyaphakama. Uma isimo sezulu sinemvula, khona-ke inyama iba slimy futhi inamathele, okwakuyigama le-flake - slimy. Isiqu salesi sikhunta sigcina singenalutho, futhi indandatho esesiqwini iyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ama-slimy flakes akhula kuphela okhunini olubolile kusukela maphakathi no-August kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Enye i-agaric yoju lwasebukhosini lwamanga - i-cinder flake, kubhekwa njengokungadliwa. Ukuma kwe-cap esemncane ye-fungus i-hemispherical, futhi ekuvuthweni iba iguqa ngokuphelele. Umbala wesigqoko ukhanya kakhulu - i-orange-brown, emaphethelweni ambozwe izingcezu ze-bedspread. Isiqu sesikali, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yaso engezansi, simbozwe kakhulu ngemicu ensundu. Indandatho etholakala kumakhowe wangempela ayibonakali nhlobo emlenzeni.
Okudliwayo ngokombandela yi-flake evamile, efana namakhowe asebukhosini. Nakuba inezinto zokuphulukisa, isenayo eyodwa kuphela - i-hallucinogenicity. Ungayidla, kodwa kuphela ngemva kokwelashwa okushisa okude. Bilisa lolu hlobo okungenani imizuzu engama-40 bese udla kuphela. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe luqoqwa kancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuphela yilabo abazi ukupheka. Phela, abaqoki bamakhowe abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ama-flakes ajwayelekile ngotshwala. I-opium equkethwe kuleli fomu, ekusebenzelaneni notshwala, ingaba nemiphumela engalindelekile emzimbeni.Ukuze wazi ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani amakhowe asebukhosini, siphakamisa ukubuka izithombe ezibonisa lo mehluko:
Ngemva kokujwayelana kahle nabo, ungaya ngokuphepha ehlathini ukuze uthole amakhowe asebukhosini. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakaqiniseki ngolwazi lwakho, kungcono ukungathathi izingozi, kodwa ukuqoqa kuphela lezo zidumbu ze-fruiting ezijwayele kuwe.