Okuqukethwe
Amakhowe e-Porcini abhekwa ngokufanelekile njengabaphathi behlathi - athandwa kakhulu ngoba anokunambitheka okumnandi futhi afaneleka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokupheka.
Azikho izinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe we-porcini, futhi wonke amnandi kakhulu futhi ahlanzekile futhi omisiwe. Emahlathini amaphakathi neZwe Lethu, ngokuvamile ungathola ikhowe elimhlophe le-birch kanye nekhowe elimhlophe likaphayini. Njengoba igama libonisa, ezinye zazo zitholakala emahlathini aluhlaza, kanti ezinye zitholakala emahlathini ane-coniferous.
Kulesi sihloko, izithombe nezincazelo zamakhowe we-porcini nezinhlobonhlobo zawo, ulwazi mayelana namakhowe angamawele namanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo anikezwa ukunaka kwakho.
Ikhowe elimhlophe nesithombe sakhe
Isigaba: ezidliwayo.
Ikepisi lamakhowe amhlophe ((Boletus edulis) (ububanzi obungu-8-30 cm):i-matte, i-convex kancane. Inombala obomvu, onsundu, ophuzi, olamula noma owolintshi omnyama.
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Naka isithombe se-porcini mushroom: emaphethelweni ekepisi layo ngokuvamile alula kunesikhungo esimnyama. Ikepisi libushelelezi uma ulithinta, esimweni sezulu esomile livame ukuqhekeka, futhi ngemva kwemvula liyacwebezela futhi libe slimy kancane. Isikhumba asihlukani ne-pulp.
Umlenze (ubude 9-26 cm): ngokuvamile ilula kunekepisi - insundu ngokukhanyayo, ngezinye izikhathi inombala obomvu. Njengawo wonke ama-boletes, ihlehlela phezulu, inomumo wesilinda, iklabhu, ngokuvamile umgqomo ophansi. Cishe zonke zimbozwe nge-mesh yemithambo ekhanyayo.
Isendlalelo se-Tubular: emhlophe, kumakhowe amadala angaba phuzi noma umnqumo. Ihlukaniswe kalula nesigqoko. Izimbotshana ezincane ziyindilinga.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni samakhowe we-porcini, wonke anenyama eqinile, enamanzi yombala omhlophe omsulwa, ogcina ushintsha ube phuzi. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kungaba nsundu omnyama noma obomvu. Alikho iphunga elibikiwe.
Okukabili: abameleli abadliwayo bomndeni we-Boletaceae kanye ne-gall fungus (Tylopilus felleus). Kodwa inyongo ayinayo i-pulp eminyene kangako, futhi ungqimba lwayo lwe-tubular lunombala obomvana (kusikhunta esimhlophe simhlophe). Yiqiniso, amakhowe ama-porcini amadala angaba nomthunzi ofanayo. Omunye umehluko ukuthi lapho ucindezelwa, ungqimba lwe-tubular lwe-gall fungus luba bomvu ngokusobala noma lube nsundu. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ukunambitheka kwe-mushroom yenyongo engenakudliwa kuhambisana negama, kanti umhlophe unomnandi.
Uma ukhula: amakhowe amhlophe akhula kusukela phakathi noJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinkuni kunasemathafeni. Ingenye yamakhowe ambalwa avamile endaweni yase-Arctic.
Ngingayithola kuphi: ngaphansi kwama-firs, ama-oki nama-birches. Ngokuvamile emahlathini, izihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, eduze ne-chanterelles, i-greenfinches ne-russula eluhlaza. Isikhunta esimhlophe ayithandi inhlabathi enamanzi, enamaxhaphozi kanye ne-peaty.
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Ukudla: inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, abakhi bamakhowe bathole amakhowe angempela aqopha umlando. Isibonelo, i-porcini mushroom etholakala esifundeni saseMoscow yayinesisindo esicishe sibe ngu-10 kg futhi inobubanzi be-cap obungaba ngu-60 cm. Endaweni yesibili kwakunqunywe amakhowe e-porcini eduze kwaseVladimir. Unesisindo esingu-6 kg 750 g.
Sebenzisa emithini yendabuko (idatha ayiqinisekisiwe futhi ayizange ihlolwe ngokomtholampilo!): isikhunta esimhlophe, nakuba siyimithamo emincane, iqukethe isibulala-magciwane. Le mushroom isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isifo sofuba kanye nezifo zepheshana lamathumbu, umhluzi uthuthukisa ukungatheleleki futhi uwusizo ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugula okunzima, i-frostbite kanye nezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomdlavuza sekuyisikhathi eside ziphathwa nge-tincture.
I-Birch porcini mushroom: isithombe namawele
Isigaba: ezidliwayo.
ikhanda i-birch porcini mushroom (Boletus betulicolus) (ububanzi obungu-6-16 cm) obucwebezelayo, bungaba cishe bumhlophe noma bube ocher noma buphuzi. I-Bulky, kodwa iba flat ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izwa bushelelezi ekuthinteni.
Umlenze (ubude 6-12,5 cm): elimhlophe noma elinsundu, linomumo womgqomo omude, oqinile.
Isendlalelo se-Tubular: ubude be-tubes bufika ku-2 cm; izimbotshana zincane futhi ziyindilinga.
I-Pulp: mhlophe futhi ayinambitheki.
Amawele e-birch porcini mushroom - bonke abameleli abadliwayo bomndeni wakwaBoletaceae kanye inyongo ukhunta (Tylopilus felleus), enezinsimbi esiqwini, ungqimba lwe-tubular luba pink ngokukhula, futhi inyama inokunambitheka okubabayo.
Amanye amagama: spikelet (leli igama le-white birch fungus eKuban, ngoba livela ngesikhathi lapho i-rye ivuthwa (izindlebe).
Uma ukhula: kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba esifundeni saseMurmansk, esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, kanye nasemazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Bheka isithombe se-birch white fungus emvelweni - sikhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-birch noma eduze kwazo, emaphethelweni ehlathi. Amakhowe omndeni wakwaBoletaceae ahlukile ngoba angakha i-mycorrhiza (i-symbiotic fusion) enezinhlobo zezihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-50.
Ukudla: inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Ingabiliswa, ithoswe, yomiswe, ifakwe usawoti.
Isicelo emithini yendabuko: akusebenzi.
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I-white mushroom pine (ephezulu) nesithombe sayo
Isigaba: ezidliwayo.
i-white pine mushroom (Boletus pinicola) inesigqoko esinobubanzi obungu-7-30 cm, i-matte, esinama-tubercles amancane kanye nenethiwekhi yemibimbi emincane. Ivamise ukuba nsundu, akuvamile ukuba nombala obomvu noma onsomi, okumnyama phakathi nendawo. Kumakhowe amancane, inomumo we-hemisphere, bese iba cishe isicaba noma i-convex kancane. Izizwa yomile lapho ithintwa, kodwa esimweni sezulu sezulu iba ishelelezi futhi inamathele.
Naka isithombe semilenze yekhowe elimhlophe likaphayini - ubude balo buyi-8-17 cm, linephethini le-mesh noma ama-tubercles amancane. Isiqu sikhulu futhi sifushane, sikhula ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Ilula kunekepisi, imvamisa insundu ngokukhanyayo, kodwa ingase ibe yeminye imithunzi.
Isendlalelo se-Tubular: umnqumo ophuzi onezimbotshana eziyindilinga njalo.
Njengamanye amakhowe we-porcini, izithombe zazo ezivezwa kuleli khasi, i-pulp ye-pine boletus iminyene futhi iyinyama, imhlophe ekusikeni kanye nephunga lamantongomane athosiwe.
Amawele alolu hlobo lwesikhunta esimhlophe wonke angamalungu adliwayo omndeni wakwaBoletaceae kanye nekhowe lenyongo elingadliwa (Tylopilus felleus), ungqimba oluyishubhu olunombala obomvana.
Uma ukhula: kusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeZwe Lethu naseningizimu yeSiberia, kanye naseNtshonalanga Yurophu naseMelika Ephakathi.
Ngingayithola kuphi: iyodwa noma ngamaqembu ikhula eduze kwamaphayini, kancane kancane eduze kwama-oki, ama-chestnuts, ama-beeches namafir.
Ukudla: kubhekwa njengenye yamakhowe amnandi kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo - omisiwe, abilisiwe (ikakhulukazi esobho), okuthosiwe noma ngamalungiselelo. Kungcono ukukha amakhowe amancane, njengoba amakhowe amadala cishe ahlala enezibungu.
Isicelo emithini yendabuko: akusebenzi.
Amanye amagama ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe e-porcini
I-Boletus porcini mushroom ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi: i-boletus, inkomo, ugogo, ingane, i-belevik, umhlaseli, i-capercaillie, imvelo enhle, ephuzi, utshani be-feather, i-konovyash, i-konovyatik, i-korovatik, i-cowshed, i-cowshed, i-korovik, i-mullein, i-mullein, ibhere, ibhere, ipani, isibaya sezinkomo, ikhowe elithandekayo.
Elinye igama le-pine porcini mushroom yi-boletus dine-loving, i-upland porcini mushroom.