Ngokushesha nje lapho uJulayi efika, amakhowe obisi avela emahlathini - elinye lamakhowe athandwa kakhulu Ezweni Lethu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, lezi zindikimba ezithela izithelo ezisesigabeni se-mycological zingezezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokudliwa (kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4). Enye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu yisifuba sangempela - sinikezwe isigaba se-1 senani. Imvamisa, lezi zindikimba ezithela izithelo zifakwe usawoti futhi zifakwe emanzini anosawoti ngemva kokucwiliswa kokuqala nokubilisa.
Amakhowe obisi lwe-autumn amnandi kakhulu futhi acwebile. KungoSepthemba lapho ungaqoqa khona obhasikidi ngamakhowe obisi wangempela. Ukuwathola akulula, njengoba ecasha otshanini. Zazikhona eziningi. Kusukela kudala, amakhowe obisi ayefakwa usawoti emiphongolweni futhi adliwe kuwo ngesikhathi sokuzila. Manje kunamakhowe wangempela ambalwa kakhulu, futhi manje avame ukukhula ezindaweni ezivulekile noma endaweni evulekile eduze nendawo yehlathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane zikaKhisimusi.
Uzofunda ngamahlathi lapho amakhowe obisi akhula khona, nokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zala makhowe zibukeka kanjani, ngokufunda le nto.
Isifuba se-Aspen
Izindawo zokuhlala zamakhowe e-aspen (Lactarius controversus): amahlathi e-aspen nama-poplar amanzi. Amakhowe akha i-mycorrhiza nge-willow, aspen kanye ne-poplar. Lawa makhowe akhula, njengomthetho, ngamaqembu amancane.
Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-5-18 cm, kwesinye isikhathi ifika ku-25 cm, iyinyama enemiphetho ebheke phansi futhi iphakathi nendawo ecindezelekile, kamuva i-flat-convex enesikhungo esijule kancane. Umbala wekepisi umhlophe namabala apinki aphaphathekile kanye nezindawo ezibonakala kancane ezigxile. Ingaphezulu esimweni sezulu esimanzi liyanamathela futhi lizacile. Imiphetho iba amagagasi ngokuya ngeminyaka.
Naka isithombe - lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lunomlenze omfushane, owugqinsi ongu-3-8 cm ukuphakama nogqinsi luka-1,5-4 cm, oluminyene futhi ngezinye izikhathi lu-eccentric:
Isiqu simhlophe noma sipinki, ngombala sifana nekepisi, ngokuvamile sibe namabala aphuzi. Imvamisa incishiswe esisekelweni.
Inyama imhlophe, iminyene, ishwabene, inejusi yobisi ebabayo kakhulu kanye nephunga elimnandi.
Amapuleti avamile, awabanzi, ngezinye izikhathi anemfoloko futhi ehla eduze kwesiqu, ukhilimu noma pink ekhanyayo. I-spore powder inombala obomvana.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala we-cap umhlophe noma unezindawo ezipinki neze-lilac, ezivame ukugxila. Amapuleti aba mhlophe ekuqaleni, abe bomvana futhi kamuva abasawolintshi okhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lufana nekhowe amakhowe wangempela (Lactarius resimus). Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwakamuva kunenani elikhulu kakhulu, imiphetho yawo iminyene futhi awukho umbala ophinki wamapuleti.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.
Izindlela zokupheka: ukufaka usawoti emva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngokubilisa noma ukucwiliswa.
Ubisi lwangempela
Akhula kuphi amakhowe obisi lwangempela (Lactarius resimus): i-birch namahlathi axubile, ane-birch, enza i-mycorrhiza nge-birch, akhule ngamaqembu.
Isizini: Julayi-Septhemba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-6-15 cm, kwesinye isikhathi ifika ku-20 cm, inamaphethelo ajikijelwe phansi futhi inokucindezeleka phakathi nendawo, kamuva i-convex-prostrate nesifunda esimaphakathi esicindezelekile. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo sinamaphethelo aminyene athambile noma ama-shaggy kanye nombala omhlophe-omhlophe wekepisi, ogcina uphuzi noma ukhilimu onezindawo ezincane noma ongekho nhlobo. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lungase lube namachashaza aphuzi.
Umlenze 3-9 cm ubude, 1,5-3,5 cm ububanzi, cylindrical, bushelelezi, umhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi ophuzi noma obomvu phansi.
Inyama imhlophe, ishwabene, inephunga elimnandi, elikhipha ijusi elimhlophe elimhlophe eliphenduka libe phuzi emoyeni futhi libe nephunga elimnandi. I-pulp inephunga elimnandi.
Amapuleti angu-0,5-0,8 cm ububanzi, ehla eduze kwesiqu, avamile, amhlophe, kamuva abe phuzi. I-spore powder imhlophe.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngokusho kwencazelo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe zifana ne i-желтый груздь (Lactarius scrobiculatus), okungenzeka futhi ibe nemiphetho ethe thuthu kancane, inombala osaphuzi osagolide noma ongcolile, futhi ayinalo iphunga lenyama elinezithelo.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-1.
Izindlela zokupheka: usawoti emva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngokubilisa noma ukucwiliswa, ungakwazi ukugcoba. Sekuyisikhathi eside elinye lamakhowe athandwa kakhulu futhi amnandi Ezweni Lethu.
Bona ukuthi amakhowe wangempela abukeka kanjani kulezi zithombe:
Ibele elimnyama
Amakhowe amnyama, noma i-nigella (i-Lactarius necator) - i-delicacy eyintandokazi yabaningi ngenxa yesimo se-crispy ngemva kosawoti. Lamakhowe amila ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi noma eduze nezindawo ezimanzi zehlathi, ngokuvamile ezingekude nemizila yehlathi.
Akhula kuphi amakhowe amnyama: amahlathi axubile kanye nama-coniferous, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezivulekile, akha i-mycorrhiza nge-birch, ngokuvamile ekhula ngamaqembu.
Isikhathi: Agasti-Novemba.
I-cap yalolu hlobo lwamakhowe amakhowe inobubanzi obungu-5-15 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-22 cm, ekuqaleni i-convex, bese ibushelelezi phakathi nendawo ecindezelekile, emifanekisweni encane enemiphetho ezwakalayo egobile, ebuye iqonde futhi ingase eqhephukile, enamathela futhi enamathela esimweni sezulu esimanzi kanye ne-mucosa enezindawo ezigxilile ezingacacile. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala omnyama we-cap: i-olive-brown noma i-greenish-black.
Isiqu sifushane, siwugqinsi, 3-8 cm ukuphakama no-1,53 cm obukhulu, sinciphile, sibushelelezi, siyacile, ngokuvamile sinombala ofana nekepisi, kodwa silula phezulu.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, i-pulp yalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe amakhowe imhlophe, iphenduka ibe nsundu noma ibe mnyama ekusikeni:
I-pulp ikhiqiza kakhulu ijusi emhlophe evuthayo. Impushana yesipore inombala osaphuzi.
Amapuleti avamile, aminyene, ehlela esiqwini, anemfoloko-amagatsha, aphuzi noma aphuzi ngokuphaphathekile, ngokuvamile ane-tint eluhlaza okotshani, abe mnyama lapho ecindezelwe.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi, kuye ngezinga lokuvuthwa kanye nendawo yezwe, uyahlukahluka kusukela komnyama ngokuphelele ukuya kokunsundu-mnyama.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.
Izindlela zokupheka: ukufaka usawoti emva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngokubilisa noma ukucwiliswa. Uma usawoti, umbala wekepisi uba bomvu we-cherry noma onsomi-bomvu.
Upelepele
Isikhathi sokukha amakhowe kapelepele (Lactarius piperatus): Julayi-Septhemba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-5-15 cm, ekuqaleni i-convex, bese ibushelelezi phakathi nendawo ecindezelekile, kuma-specimens amancane anemiphetho egobile, ebuye iqonde futhi ibe yi-wavy. Ingaphezulu limhlophe, i-matte, ivamise ukumbozwa ngamabala abomvu esifundeni esimaphakathi kanye nemifantu.
Umlenze mfushane, uwugqinsi, u-3-9 cm ukuphakama no-1,53,5-XNUMX cm ubukhulu, uqinile futhi uminyene kakhulu, ugoqa phansi, unobuso obushelelezi, obushwabene kancane.
Inyama imhlophe, iqinile, kodwa ishwabene, inokunambitheka okushisayo, ikhipha ijusi emhlophe yobisi enokunambitheka kwepelepele, eba luhlaza olive noma bluish emoyeni.
Amapuleti avame kakhulu, ehla eduze kwesiqu, amhlophe, ngokuvamile ane-pink tint noma amabala abomvu, awabanzi, ngezinye izikhathi anemfoloko.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi, kuye ngezinga lokuvuthwa kanye nendawo yezwe, uyahlukahluka kusukela komhlophe ngokuphelele ukuya kokumhlophe-mhlophe okunemibala eluhlaza noma ebomvu. Emoyeni, inyama emhlophe iba luhlaza ngokuphuzi.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-Peppercorn ibukeka njengekhowe ivayolini (Lactarius volemus), lapho isigqoko sinomuzwa omhlophe noma omhlophe-ukhilimu omhlophe, ijusi ye-milky imhlophe, i-non-caustic, iphenduka ibe nsundu uma isomisiwe, amapuleti ayikhilimu noma ukhilimu omhlophe.
Izindlela zokupheka: usawoti emva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngokubilisa noma ukucwiliswa.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.