Kanye nehlobo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemigqa yekwindla: ngokusho kwabalandeli "bokuzingela amakhowe", lawa makhowe anokunambitheka okucebile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwindla ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zemigqa engenakudliwa, futhi lawa makhowe kulula ukuwahlukanisa nalawo adliwayo ngephunga lawo elingathandeki. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zimo zezithelo zibalwa kuphela esigabeni sesi-4, abaqoki bamakhowe bawaqoqa ngenjabulo.
Imigqa kaSepthemba ivame ukutholakala phakathi kwamahlathi axubile ane-spruce. Ngaphandle, zibukeka kahle, ziminyene, zibukeka kahle, zinesimo esihle. Baningi abathandi bala makhowe anongwe ngephunga elikhethekile.
Ngo-Okthoba, imigqa enukayo ivame ukutholakala. Zikhula kakhulu eduze kwezindlela nasezihlahleni ezigawuliwe. Ngo-Okthoba, kufanele nakanjani uhogele wonke amakhowe. Ngenxa yalokho, uzowabona ngokushesha lawa makhowe anephunga lamakhemikhali ayingozi ukuwadla. Khona-ke uzowahlukanisa emigqeni yamajuba adliwayo afanayo anganuki lutho.
Ngo-Okthoba, usengathola imigqa emihle edliwayo ebomvu-ephuzi. Uma ama-frosts engazange adlule, khona-ke akhanya futhi akhangayo. Ngemuva kwesithwathwa, umbala we-cap uyafiphala.
Ngaphambi kokungena ehlathini, thola ukuthi abukeka kanjani amakhowe nokuthi akhula kuphi.
Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zemigqa
Umugqa ompunga (i-Tricholoma portentosum).
Izindawo zokuhlala zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe asekwindla: amahlathi axubile nangama-coniferous, akhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: September - November.
Isigqoko esingu-5-12 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi sifika ku-16 cm, ekuqaleni simise okwensimbi, kamuva sigobe. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-grey ekhanyayo noma ukhilimu okhanyayo onesikhungo esimnyama esimpunga, ngezinye izikhathi nge-violet noma i-olive tint; indawo engaphezulu ine-radially fibrous enemicu emnyama yeradial phakathi. Phakathi nendawo yesigqoko sekhowe, umugqa ompunga uvame ukuba ne-tubercle flat. Ezibonelweni ezincane, ingaphezulu libushelelezi futhi linamathele.
Umlenze 5-12 cm ubude, 1-2,5 cm ubukhulu, grey-phuzi, embozwe powdery coating engxenyeni engenhla. Isiqu sifushane, sijiyile phansi.
Inyama imhlophe futhi iminyene futhi inambitheka eyimpuphu kanye nephunga, ekuqaleni iqinile, kamuva iyagoba. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba sekepisi, inyama impunga. Emakhowe amadala, iphunga lingase libe nomsindo.
Amapuleti amhlophe, ukhilimu noma aphuzi-ophuzi, aqondile futhi ahlanganiswe nezinyo esiqwini noma mahhala. Unqenqema lwekepisi nepuleti, njengoba lukhula, lungase lumbozwe amachashaza aphuzi.
Ukuhlukahluka: isikhunta siyashintshashintsha kakhulu ngombala kuye ngesigaba sokukhula, isikhathi kanye nomswakama wesizini.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo: ngokusho kwencazelo, i-mushroom yomugqa ompunga ingadideka nomugqa wensipho (i-Tricholoma saponaceum), efana nokuma nombala esemncane, kodwa ihluke phambi kwephunga elinamandla lensipho ku-pulp.
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi axubile nangama-coniferous, akhula ngamaqembu.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Izindlela zokupheka: ukuthosa, ukubilisa, usawoti. Njengoba kunikezwe iphunga elimnandi, akukhuthazwa ukukhetha amakhowe avuthiwe kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa iphunga elimnandi, kunconywa ukuba ubilise emanzini angu-2.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa ngokucacile incazelo yomugqa ompunga:
Umugqa Ominyene (Lyophyllum decastes).
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi, amapaki nezingadi, utshani, eduze neziphunzi kanye nomhlabathi ocebile nge-humus, zikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Umugqa osontekile wenkathi yokukha amakhowe: Julayi-Okthoba.
Hat 4-10 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-14 cm, ekuqaleni hemispherical, kamuva convex. Isici sokuqala esihlukile salolu hlobo yiqiniso lokuthi amakhowe akhula eqenjini eliminyene elinezisekelo ezihlanganisiwe ngendlela yokuthi kube nzima ukuwahlukanisa. Isici sesibili esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-bumpy, indawo engalingani yesigqoko sombala onsundu noma onsundu ngokumpunga kanye nemiphetho yamagagasi ehlisiwe.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni, kulo mugqa omaphakathi, umbala wekepisi ugcwele kakhulu noma umnyama kunasemngceleni:
Ngokuvamile kuba ne-tubercle encane, ebanzi phakathi nendawo.
Umlenze 4-10 cm ubude, 6-20 mm ubukhulu, uminyene, umhlophe ngokuphelele ngenhla, grey-mhlophe noma gray-brown ngezansi, ngezinye izikhathi isicaba futhi igobile.
I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene phakathi kwe-cap, ukunambitheka nephunga kumnandi.
Amapuleti anamathele, avamile, amhlophe noma amhlophe, amancane.
Ukuhlukahluka: isikhunta siyashintshashintsha kakhulu ngombala kuye ngesigaba sokukhula, isikhathi kanye nomswakama wesizini.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezinobuthi. Umugqa ominyene ubukeka ucishe ube nobuthi i-entoloma empunga ephuzi (Entoloma lividum), enamachopho angama-wavy nombala wekepisi ofana nawo onsundu ngokumpunga. Umehluko omkhulu iphunga likafulawa ku-pulp ye-entoloma kanye nokuhlukana okuhlukile, kunokukhula okugcwele.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Izindlela zokupheka: usawoti, ukuthosa kanye ne-marinating.
Bheka izithombe ezibonisa incazelo yemigqa edliwayo:
Umugqa wejuba (Tricholoma columbetta).
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, ezindaweni ezinomswakama, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.
Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.
I-cap 3-10 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-15 cm, yomile, ibushelelezi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex-prostrate. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-bumpy futhi enamagagasi anamandla ekepisi, uphondo lwendlovu noma ukhilimu omhlophe. Kunamabala aphuzi engxenyeni emaphakathi.
Bheka isithombe - ekugwebeni kwamakhowe, ingaphezulu lekepisi lejuba linemicu emide:
Umlenze 5-12 cm ukuphakama, 8-25 mm ubukhulu, cylindrical, aminyene, nokunwebeka, esisekelweni unokuncipha kancane. I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, iyinyama, kamuva ibomvana nephunga le-mealy kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kwekhowe, liphenduka libe pink ngesikhathi sekhefu.
Amapuleti avamile, aqale ahlanganiswe nesiqu, kamuva akhululekile.
ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. Ngokwencazelo, umugqa wejuba elidliwayo ekuqaleni kokukhula ufana nomugqa ompunga (i-Tricholoma portentosum), edliwayo futhi enephunga elimnandi elihlukile. Njengoba zikhula, umehluko uyanda ngenxa yombala ompunga wesigqoko somugqa ompunga.
Ezidliwayo, isigaba 4, zingathoswa futhi zibiliswe.
Ukugwedla okuphuzi okubomvu (Tricholomopsis rutilans).
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi axubile nangama-coniferous, ngokuvamile kuphayini neziphunzi zespruce ezibolile noma izihlahla eziwile, ngokuvamile zikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Isizini: July - September.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-5 kuye ku-12 cm, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-15 cm, emifanekisweni encane kunazo zonke ibukeka njengekepisi elibukhali, inomumo omise okwensimbi, bese iba yi-convex ngemiphetho egobile kanye ne-tubercle encane ebuthuntu. phakathi nendawo, futhi ezibonelweni ezivuthiwe igobile, iphakathi nendawo edangele kancane. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala obomvu we-cherry we-cap kuma-specimens amancane kakhulu, bese uba ophuzi-bomvu nomthunzi omnyama ku-tubercle e-blunt, futhi ekuvuthweni okuphakathi nendawo ecindezelekile kancane.
Buka isithombe - lo mugqa odliwayo unesikhumba esomile, esiphuzi-sawolintshi esinamazenga abomvu anomucu:
Umlenze ongu-4-10 cm ukuphakama no-0,7-2 cm ubukhulu, u-cylindrical, ungase ugqinsiswe kancane phansi, ube phuzi, ube nezikali ezibomvu ezingenalutho, ngokuvamile ezingenalutho. Umbala uwumbala ofanayo nekepisi noma ulula kancane, engxenyeni emaphakathi yesiqu umbala uqine kakhulu.
I-pulp iphuzi, iminyene, i-fibrous, iminyene ngokunambitheka okumnandi kanye nephunga elimuncu. Izinhlamvu ziwukhilimu okhanyayo.
Amapuleti anombala ophuzi wegolide, aphuzi amaqanda, ane-sinuous, anamathelayo, amancane.
ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. Umugqa ophuzi-obomvu ubonakala kalula ngenxa yombala wawo omuhle nokubukeka kwawo okuhle. Lolu hlobo aluvamile futhi kwezinye izindawo lubhalwe ku-Red Book, isimo singu-3R.
Izindlela zokupheka: usawoti, marinating.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa amakhowe agwedla, achazwe ngenhla:
Okulandelayo yizithombe nezincazelo zezinhlobo ezingenakudliwa zemigqa.
Izinhlobo ezingenakudliwa zemigqa
Ukugwedla okumhlophe-mbumbulu (Tricholoma pseudoalbum)
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, atholakala ngamaqembu amancane futhi eyedwa.
Isizini: Agasti-Okthoba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-3 kuya ku-8 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esimhlophe, esimhlophe-ukhilimu, esimhlophe-pink.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni, lo mugqa ongadleki unesiqu esingu-3-9 cm ubude, u-7-15 mm obukhulu, okokuqala omhlophe, kamuva omhlophe-ukhilimu noma omhlophe-pinki:
Inyama imhlophe, kamuva iba phuzi kancane ibe nephunga eliyimpuphu.
Amapuleti aqala ukunamathela, kamuva acishe akhululeke, anombala okhilimu.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uhluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya kumhlophe-ukhilimu, omhlophe-pink kanye nezinyo lendlovu.
ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. Ukugwedla okumhlophe-mbumbulu kuyefana ngesimo nangosayizi Umugqa kaMeyi (Tricholoma gambosa), ehlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwezindawo ezithambile ezipinki neziluhlaza esigqokweni.
Ayidleki ngenxa yokunambitheka okungajabulisi.
I-rowweed enukayo (i-Tricholoma inamoenum).
Lapho umugqa onukayo ukhula khona: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, ezindaweni ezinomswakama, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.
Isizini: Juni - Okthoba.
I-cap ingama-3-8 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-15 cm, yomile, ibushelelezi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex prostrate. Imiphetho iba amagagasi kancane ngokuya ngeminyaka. Umbala wekepisi umhlophe noma uphondo lwendlovu ekuqaleni, futhi ngobudala obunamabala ansundu noma aphuzi. Ingaphezulu lekepisi livame ukuba namaqhubu. Unqenqema lwekepisi lugobe phansi.
Umlenze mude, 5-15 cm ukuphakama, 8-20 mm ubukhulu, cylindrical, aminyene, nokunwebeka, unombala ofanayo njengoba cap.
I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, iyinyama. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yiphunga elimnandi, elinamandla kokubili amakhowe amancane namadala. Leli phunga liyafana nele-DDT noma igesi yokukhanyisa.
Amarekhodi ombala ojwayelekile, onamathelayo, omhlophe noma okhilimu.
ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. Umugqa onukayo ekuqaleni kokukhula uyafana ne umugqa ompunga (i-Tricholoma portentosum), edliwayo futhi enephunga elihlukile, hhayi i-caustic, kodwa elimnandi. Njengoba zikhula, umehluko uyanda ngenxa yombala ompunga wesigqoko somugqa ompunga.
Azidliwa ngenxa yephunga elinamandla elingathandeki, elingaqediwe ngisho nangethumba elide.
Kuleli qoqo ungabona izithombe zemigqa edliwayo nengadleki:
