Lapho kuqala inkathi yasehlobo, inhlabathi iqala ukufudumala, futhi kukhona izinto eziningi "zokuzingela buthule". Kumakhowe adliwayo avunwa ehlobo, amakhowe angathi amhlophe aqala ukuvela. Zikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme kancane, ezifudumele. Amakhowe ama-Mossiness, ama-psatirell kanye ne-udemansiella avuthwa ngemuva kwawo. Futhi phakathi kwamakhowe asehlobo angenakudliwa, avame kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow yi-mycenae nemigqa.
Ezweni Lethu, amakhowe ama-tubular avame ukuvunwa kumakhowe asehlobo: amhlophe, amhlophe, amhlophe, ama-boletus, ama-boletus, ama-boletus. Kwamanye amazwe angaphandle izinhlobo ze-lamellar zamakhowe ezifana namakhowe, ama-champignon akhethwa.
Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi amakhowe avunwa ehlobo, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingenakudliwa ezivela emahlathini ngoJuni, uzofunda ngokufunda le nto.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhowe ezivunwa ehlobo
Ikhowe elimhlophe, noma i-boletus ephuzi (i-Boletus impolitus).
Izindawo zokuhlala: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile.
Isizini: kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba.
Isigqoko singu-5-15 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi sifika ku-20 cm, ekuqaleni siyi-hemispherical, kamuva simise okwe-cushion futhi siyi-convex. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko sobumba esisikiwe kancane noma isigqoko esiphuzi ngokunsundu esinamachashaza amancane, amnyama kancane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingaphezulu le-cap liyaqhekeka. Isikhumba asisuswa.
Umlenze 4-15 cm ukuphakama, 1-4 cm ubukhulu. Isiqu siqala ngokhilimu omhlophe ngombala, futhi kamuva sibe mpunga-ophuzi noma sibe nombala ophuzi ngokunsundu.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, kulawa makhowe ehlobo, ingxenye engenhla yomlenze ilula, utshani:
Ingaphezulu limahhadlahhadla, linoboya obuphansi, alinayo iphethini yemeshi.
I-pulp iminyene, ekuqaleni imhlophe, kamuva iphuzi ngokukhanyayo, ayishintshi umbala ekusikeni, ukunambitheka kumnandi, kumnandi, iphunga likhumbuza kancane iodoform.
Isendlalelo se-tubular sikhululekile, okokuqala siphuzi, kamuva kwe-olive-yellow, asishintshi umbala uma sicindezelwa. Ama-spores anombala ophuzi.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kumnqumo okhanyayo-ophuzi ukuya kuphuzi-nsundu.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ikhowe elimhlophe liphinde lifane nokudliwayo ama-boletus radicans, eliphenduka libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekusikeni nalapho icindezelwe.
Izindlela zokupheka: ukukha, usawoti, ukuthosa, isobho, ukomisa.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2 nesi-3.
I-Boletus.
Ukukhuluma ngalokho amakhowe akhula ehlobo, yiqiniso, kuyadingeka ukukhuluma ngamakhowe we-mossiness. Lawa amakhowe angavamile, kodwa akhanga ngokungajwayelekile. Ngokuphathelene nokunambitheka kwabo, baseduze ne-boletus. Igagasi labo lokuqala livela ngoJuni, elesibili - ngo-Agasti, igagasi eliphuzile lingase libe ngo-Okthoba.
I-Velvet flywheel (Boletus prunatus).
Izindawo zokuhlala: ikhula emahlathini avundile, ane-coniferous.
Isizini: Juni-Okthoba.
Isigqoko esinobubanzi obungu-4-12 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-15 cm, i-hemispherical. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esomile esinamatte, esine-velvety esinsundu esinamaphethelo alula. Isikhumba esigqokweni somile, sicolekile futhi sicishe sizizwe, siba bushelelezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, siyashelela kancane ngemva kwemvula.
Bheka isithombe - lawa makhowe akhula ehlobo anomlenze oyisilinda, ukuphakama okungama-4-10 cm, ubukhulu obungu-6-20 mm:
Isiqu ngokuvamile sipendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo kunesigqoko, esivame ukugoba. Kukhethwa umbala ophuzi okhilimu nobomvu.
Inyama iminyene, imhlophe nge-tint ephuzi, iphenduka kancane ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma icindezelwa. Inyama yalawa makhowe asehlobo anokunambitheka okuncane kanye nephunga.
Amashubhu anokhilimu-ophuzi uma esemancane, kamuva aphuzi-luhlaza. Izinhlamvu ziphuzi.
Ukuhlukahluka: ikepisi ekugcineni iba yomile futhi i-velvety, futhi umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kunsundu kuya kokubomvu-nsundu kanye nonsundu-nsundu. Umbala wesiqu uyahlukahluka kusuka ensundu ngokukhanyayo kanye nophuzi-nsundu kuya kokubomvu-nsundu.
Awekho amawele anobuthi. I-Mokhovik velvet iyafana ngesimo i-variegated flywheel (Boletus chtysenteron), ehlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwemifantu ku-cap.
Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, uku-marinating, ukubilisa.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.
I-Psatirella
Ehlathini likaJuni kunamakhowe amaningi angabonakali amhlophe-ophuzi anesigqoko ngesimo sesambulela. Lawa makhowe okuqala akhula yonke indawo ehlobo, ikakhulukazi eduze nezindlela zasehlathini. Babizwa ngokuthi i-psatirella Candoll.
Psathyrella Candolleana (Psathyrella Candolleana).
Izindawo zokuhlala: umhlabathi, izinkuni ezibolile neziphunzi zezihlahla ezivuthulukayo, ezikhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: Juni-Okthoba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-3-6 cm, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-9 cm, ekuqaleni imise okwensimbi, kamuva i-convex, kamuva i-convex prostrate. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ekuqaleni sinombala omhlophe-ophuzi, kamuva sibe nemiphetho ensomi, isigqoko esinama-flakes amhlophe eceleni komkhawulo kanye nomlenze omhlophe-ukhilimu obushelelezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ezincane ze-radial zivame ukubonakala ebusweni be-cap.
Umlenze unobude obungu-3-8 cm, u-3 kuya ku-7 mm ubukhulu, u-fibrous, unwebe kancane eduze kwesisekelo, u-brittle, ukhilimu omhlophe onokwemboza okuncane okungenasici engxenyeni engenhla.
I-Pulp: okokuqala okumhlophe, kamuva okuphuzi, kuma-specimens amancane angenayo iphunga elikhethekile kanye nokunambitheka, kumakhowe avuthiwe namadala - anephunga elingathandeki kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.
Amapuleti anamathele, avamile, amancane, amhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva ampunga-violet, ampunga-pinki, ansundu angcolile, ampunga-nsundu noma onsomi emnyama.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi ungahluka ukusuka komhlophe-ukhilimu uye kophuzi kanye nokhilimu obomvana kuma-specimens amancane kanye nophuzi-nsundu kanye nemiphetho ensomi kuma-specimens asebekhulile.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-Psatirella Candolla iyafana ngokuma nangosayizi nemvubu ephuzi egolide (Pluteus luteovirens), ehlukaniswa yisigqoko esiphuzi esisagolide esinesikhungo esimnyama.
Okudliwayo ngokombandela, ngoba ama-specimens amancane kuphela angadliwa futhi kungakapheli amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokuqoqwa, lapho umbala wamapuleti usakhanya. Izibonelo ezivuthiwe zikhiqiza amanzi amnyama kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa amakhowe asehlobo achazwe ngenhla:
Udemansiella.
Emahlathini kaphayini esifundeni saseMoscow, ungathola amakhowe ehlobo angavamile - i-udemansiella ekhazimulayo enemivimbo e-radial esigqokweni. Lapho zisencane ziba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, futhi ngokukhula ziba nsundu ngokumnyama futhi zibonakala ngokucacile kudoti wezinaliti zikaphayini.
I-Udemansiella radiant (Oudemansiella radicata).
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza nangama-coniferous, emapaki, phansi kweziqu, eduze neziphunzi nasezimpandeni, ngokuvamile akhula ngawodwa. Izinhlobo ezingavamile, ezibalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zesifunda, isimo - 3R.
Lamakhowe avunwa ehlobo, aqala ngoJulayi. Isikhathi sokuqoqa siphela ngoSepthemba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-3-8 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-10 cm, ekuqaleni i-convex igobe nge-tubercle ebuthuntu, kamuva icishe ibe yisicaba bese, njengembali ebunayo, enemiphetho ensundu emnyama ewela phansi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala onsundu ngokukhanyayo wekepisi kanye nephethini ye-convex ye-tubercle nemithende e-radial noma imisebe. Kusukela phezulu, lezi ziqhumane zibukeka njenge-camomile noma enye imbali. Ikepisi lincane futhi lishwabene.
Umlenze ubude, 8-15 cm ubude, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-20 cm, 4-12 mm ubukhulu, banwetshiwe phansi, bacwiliswa ngokujulile emhlabathini, ngenqubo efana impande. Kumakhowe amancane, umbala wesiqu ucishe ufane - omhlophe, kumakhowe avuthiwe - amhlophe phezulu ane-powdery coating, ansundu ngokukhanyayo phakathi nendawo futhi isiqu sivame ukusonteka, ngezansi - onsundu omnyama, one-fibrous longitudinally.
Inyama yala makhowe, ekhula ehlobo, incane, imhlophe noma impunga, ayinaphunga eliningi.
Amapuleti awavamile, abambelele, kamuva akhululekile, amhlophe, ampunga.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka ukusuka kompunga-nsundu ukuya kompunga-ophuzi, ophuzi-nsundvu, futhi ebudaleni kuya kunsundu omnyama futhi ufana nesimo sembali emnyama enamacembe phansi.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-Oudemansiella radiata iyisici futhi iyingqayizivele ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqhubu akhazimulayo ku-cap kangangokuthi kunzima ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo.
Izindlela zokupheka: kubilisiwe, kuthosiwe.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Esigabeni esilandelayo se-athikili, uzofunda ukuthi yimaphi amakhowe akhula ehlobo angenakudliwa.
Amakhowe ehlobo angadliwa
I-Mycenae.
I-Mycenae ivela eziqwini nasezihlahleni ezibolile ehlathini likaJuni. Lawa makhowe amancane esihlahleni esincane, nakuba engenakudliwa, anikeza ihlathi ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele nokungavamile kokuhlukahluka nokugcwala.
I-Mycena amicta (Mycena amicta).
Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi e-coniferous naxubile, eziqwini, ezimpandeni, emagatsheni afayo, akhula ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Isizini: Juni-Septhemba.
I-cap inobubanzi buka-0,5-1,5 cm, i-bell-shape. Impahla ehlukile yalolu hlobo isigqoko esimise okwensimbi esinemiphetho ecindezelwe ene-tubercle encane, efana nenkinobho, ukhilimu okhanyayo onombala ophuzi-nsundu noma o-olive-brown kanye nonqenqema olunezimbambo kancane. Ingaphezulu le-cap limbozwe ngezikali ezincane.
Isiqu sincane, 3-6 cm ubude, 1-2 mm ubukhulu, cylindrical, bushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi sinenqubo yezimpande, ekuqaleni siyashintshashintsha, kamuva sibe grey-brown, simbozwe ngezinhlamvu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe.
Inyama incane, imhlophe, inephunga elibi.
Amapuleti avamile, aminyene, ehla kancane eduze kwesiqu, kuqala amhlophe, kamuva abe mpunga.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap phakathi nendawo uyahlukahluka ukusuka kokuphuzi-nsundu ukuya ku-olive-brown, ngezinye izikhathi nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-Mycena amicta embala we-cap ifana ne-mycena ethambekele (i-Mycena inclinata), ehlukaniswa yisigqoko esimise okwe-cap kanye nomlenze okhilimu okhanyayo one-powdery coating.
Ayidleki ngenxa yephunga elibi.
I-Mycena ehlanzekile, ifomu elinsomi (Mycena pura, f. violaceus).
Izindawo zokuhlala: lawa makhowe akhula ehlobo emahlathini aluhlaza, phakathi kwe-moss nasendaweni yehlathi, akhula ngamaqembu futhi eyedwa.
Isizini: Juni-Septhemba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-2-6 cm, ekuqaleni imise okwe-cone noma i-bell, kamuva yayisicaba. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo wumumo ocishe ube isicaba wombala wesisekelo se-lilac-violet onemigqa ejulile ye-radial namazinyo amapuleti aphumela emaphethelweni. Isigqoko sinezindawo ezimbili zombala: ingaphakathi liyi-purple-lilac emnyama, ingaphandle i-lilac-cream elula. Kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona imibala emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: ingxenye yangaphakathi inombala ophuzi ophuzi noma ophuzi ophuzi, indawo yesibili yokugxila i-purple-lilac, eyesithathu, emaphethelweni, iphinde ilula, njengaphakathi.
Umlenze 4-8 cm ubude, 3-6 mm, cylindrical, aminyene, umbala ofanayo njengoba cap, embozwe eziningi longitudinal lilac-blackish imicu. Ezibonelweni ezivuthiwe, ingxenye engenhla yomlenze idwetshwe ngemibala ekhanyayo, futhi ingxenye engezansi imnyama.
Inyama esesigqokweni imhlophe, esiqwini i-lilac, enephunga elinamandla lesithombo kanye nokunambitheka kwetheniphu.
Amapuleti ayivelakancane, abanzi, anamathele, phakathi kwawo kukhona amapuleti amahhala amafushane.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uhluka kakhulu kusuka ku-pink-lilac kuya konsomi.
Emapuletini, umbala uyashintsha usuka komhlophe-opinki uye konsomi ngokukhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Le mycena ifana ne-mycena emise okwekepisi (Mycena galericulata), ehlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwe-tubercle ephinyiselwe kukepisi.
Ayidleki ngoba ayinambitheki.
Ryadovka.
Imigqa yokuqala kaJuni ayidleki. Bagcwalisa ihlathi eliqhakazayo ngentelezi engavamile.
Umugqa omhlophe (i-albhamu ye-Tricholoma).
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, ikakhulukazi ane-birch ne-beech, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini ene-asidi, akhula ngamaqembu, ngokuvamile emaphethelweni, ezihlahleni, emapaki.
Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.
I-cap 3-8 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-13 cm, yomile, ibushelelezi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex-prostrate. Imiphetho iba amagagasi kancane ngokuya ngeminyaka. Umbala wekepisi unokhilimu omhlophe noma omhlophe ekuqaleni, futhi ngokukhula - unamabala anobuffy noma aphuzi. Unqenqema lwekepisi lugobe phansi.
Umlenze ungu-4-10 cm ukuphakama, u-6-15 mm ubukhulu, u-cylindrical, uminyene, unwebeka, kwesinye isikhathi uyimpuphu phezulu, ugobile, une-fibrous. Umbala wesiqu umhlophe ekuqaleni, futhi kamuva ubaphuzi ngokubomvu, ngezinye izikhathi ube nsundu phansi futhi uyancipha.
I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, iyinyama, kumakhowe amancane anephunga elincane, futhi emifanekisweni evuthiwe - enephunga elimnandi, elinomunyu kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.
Amapuleti anonotshi, anobude obungalingani, amhlophe, kamuva amhlophe-ukhilimu ngombala.
ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. Umugqa omhlophe esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula ufana ne umugqa ompunga (i-Tricholoma portentosum), edliwayo futhi enephunga elihlukile, hhayi i-caustic, kodwa elimnandi.
Njengoba ukhula, umehluko uyanda ngenxa yokumpunga.
Azidliwa ngenxa yephunga elinamandla elingathandeki kanye nokunambitheka, okungaqediwe ngisho nangethumba elide.