Isimungumungwana yisifo esibangelwa igciwane. Ngokuvamile kuqala ngomkhuhlane nje, olandelwa ukukhwehlela nokucasuka kwamehlo. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umkhuhlane uyaphakama futhi amabala abomvu, noma izinduna, aqale ukubonakala ebusweni futhi asakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ngisho nangaphandle kwezinkinga, isimungumungwane sibuhlungu ukusibekezelela ngoba kukhona ukungakhululeki nokukhathala okukhulu. Isiguli singase singabi nawo amandla okuvuka okungenani isonto lonke.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwegciwane lesimungumungwane futhi abantu abaningi bayalulama emasontweni amabili noma amathathu kodwa bangase bahlale bekhathele amasonto ambalwa.

Ngo-1980, ngaphambi kokuba ukugoma kusakazeke kabanzi, inani labantu abafa ngenxa yesimungumungwane lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-2,6 ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke. EFrance, kwakunamacala angaphezu kuka-600 unyaka ngamunye.

Isimungumungwana yisifo esaziswayo futhi ngenxa yalokho sesiyimpoqo eFrance.

Ukugonywa kwesimungumungwane kuyimpoqo kuzo zonke izingane ezizalwe ngo-January 1, 2018 noma ngemva kwalokho. Umthamo wokuqala unikezwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kanti owesibili unikezwa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-16 neziyi-18.

Abantu abazalwa kusukela ngo-1980 kufanele ngabe bathole isamba semithamo emibili yomgomo we-trivalent (isikhathi esincane senyanga eyodwa phakathi kwemithamo emibili), kungakhathaliseki umlando wesinye sezifo ezintathu.

Izingane nezinsana:

• 1 umthamo eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala;
• 1 umthamo phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-16 neziyi-18.

Ezinsaneni ezizalwe kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2018, ukugonyelwa isimungumungwane kuyisibopho.

Abantu abazalwa kusukela ngo-1980 futhi abaneminyaka okungenani izinyanga ezingu-12:

Imithamo emi-2 ngokulibaziseka okuncane kwenyanga eyodwa phakathi kwemithamo emi-2.

Isimungumungwana siphinde sibangele uhlobo lwe-amnesia esimisweni sokuzivikela ezifweni esibhubhisa amaseli enkumbulo futhi senze iziguli zibe sengcupheni yezifo ezike zaba nazo ngaphambili.

Izinkinga zesimungumungwane noma izifo zesibili zivamile (cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabasi-1). Iziguli zingase zibe ne-otitis ehambisanayo noma i-laryngitis.

Izinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zokubhebhetheka inyumoniya kanye ne-encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho), okungashiya umonakalo omkhulu wezinzwa noma kuholele ekufeni. Ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yezinkinga kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka ongu-1 ubudala, intsha kanye nabantu abadala.

Imithi yokugomela isimungumungwane etholakalayo njengamanje iyimithi yokugomela igciwane bukhoma encishisiwe ehlanganiswe nomgomo we-rubella kanye nomumpintsha (MMR).

Ikhava u-100% ngomshwalense wezempilo wezingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuye kwengu-17 ubudala, kanye no-65% kusukela eminyakeni engu-18 ubudala **

Ubani onikeza umgomo?

Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane ungamiselwa yilokhu:

• udokotela;
• umbelethisi wabesifazane, abaseduze kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nalabo abaseduze kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zize zibe namasonto angu-8 ubudala.

Umuthi wokugoma umbozwa ngokugcwele umshwalense wezempilo kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-17 kanye no-65% kusukela eminyakeni eyi-18. Inani elisele livame ukubuyiselwa umshwalense wezempilo ohambisanayo (mutuals).

Itholakala emakhemisi futhi kufanele igcinwe esiqandisini phakathi kuka + 2 ° C no + 8 ° C. Akumele iqandiswe.

Ubani owenza umjovo?

Ukuphathwa komgomo kungenziwa ngudokotela, unesi ngencwadi yezokwelapha, noma umbelethisi, emsebenzini wangasese, ku-PMI (izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala) noma esikhungweni sokugoma somphakathi. Kulokhu, incwadi kadokotela, ukulethwa komgomo kanye nokugoma kwenziwa esizeni.

Umjovo womgomo umbozwa umshuwalense wezempilo kanye nomshuwalense wezempilo ohambisanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

Ayikho imali ekhokhwa kusengaphambili yokubonisana ezikhungweni zokugoma zomphakathi noma ku-PMI.