I-coronavirus ka-2019 (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Covid-19 noma i-SARS-CoV-2) isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus yomndeni omkhulu kakhulu we-Coronaviridae. Lawa magciwane ahlala eshintsha futhi eguquguquka. Kwakuphakathi nokukodwa kwalezi zinguquko lapho lakwazi khona ukuthelela abantu.

Okubalulekile ukwazi nge-coronavirus

Ngokungafani nabandulelayo, leli gciwane libonakala lithelelana ngokukhethekile. Iphinde yatholakala emanzini amaningi kanye nokuphuma kwezinto eziphilayo (okuyimfihlo emlonyeni nasekhaleni, igazi, indle, umchamo), okubonisa ingozi yokutheleleka okuningi, ikakhulukazi njengoba zonke iziguli ezingenwe yilesi sifo azibonisi izimpawu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha. Emacaleni angama-80%, i-Covid-19 ayibangeli nkinga futhi isiguli saphola ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Kodwa kubantu asebevele bebuthakathaka - ngenxa yezifo ezingelapheki, ukuvinjelwa kwamasosha omzimba, ukuguga, njll. - I-Covid-19 ingaba nzima futhi idinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela, noma ngisho nokuvuselelwa. 

ICoronavirus ne-covid-19, ziyini?

Ama-Coronaviruses ayingxenye yomndeni wamagciwane, angaba necala kubantu ngezifo ezihlukahlukene kusukela emkhuhlaneni ovamile kuya ekuthelelekeni okukhulu kwamaphaphu, nokucindezeleka kokuphefumula okukhulu.

Endabeni yokutheleleka nge-COVID-19, ngenxa ye-coronavirus ebizwa ngokuthi i-Sars-CoV-2, i-coronavirus eseduze ne-SARS eyabangela ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke ngo-2002-2003. Kodwa liyathelelana ngezinga eliphezulu.

Ekupheleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2019, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yaziswa ngamacala amaningana e-pneumonia e-China futhi kusukela lapho ukutheleleka kusakazeke ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele. I-WHO manje isiwufanelekela njengobhubhane: amazwe ayi-188 athintekile.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Covid-19?

AmaCoronavirus ahlala eshintshashintsha futhi ngezikhathi ezithile enye yawo iboniswa ukuthi iyakwazi ukuthelela abantu, okuyisimo seSars-CoV-2. Umuntu ongenwe yileli gciwane usengakwazi ukuthelela abanye njalo njalo. Ukunyakaza kwabantu emhlabeni wonke kusiza kakhulu ukusabalala kwegciwane kwamanye amazwe.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-Sars-CoV-2 zisakazwa:

• Uhlobo lwe-S oludala kakhulu. Akuvamile (30% wezigameko) futhi anolaka.
• I-L strain, yakamuva kakhulu, kaningi (70% yezimo) futhi inzima kakhulu.

Ngokufanayo, akukho cala lokungcoliswa kwamanzi noma ukudla okubikiwe, ngisho nokudla okuluhlaza.

Yize kubonakala sengathi isiqalo siwukudluliselwa kwesilwane kuye kumuntu (kusuka emakethe yaseWuhan eChina), abukho ubufakazi kuze kube manje bokuthi izilwane ezifuywayo noma ukuzalanisa, zidlala indima encane kakhulu ekusabalaleni kwaleli gciwane.

Izinhlobonhlobo zeCoronavirus

Kusukela ngoMeyi 21, phakathi kwamacala atholakele, 77,9 % kusolwa ukuthi banegciwane elihlukile ngesiNgisi et 5,9% kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha (eNingizimu Afrika naseBrazil), ngokwePublic Health France. Okuhlukile kwesiNgisi, okubizwa ngokuthi 20I / 501Y.V1, manje sekukhona emazweni angama-80.

Ngokombiko weFrench Public Health wangoJanuwari 28, izehlakalo ezingama-299 zokutheleleka ngohlobo lwe-VOC 202012/01 (United Kingdom) kanye namacala angama-40 okutheleleka nge-501Y.V2 variant (Ningizimu Afrika) ahlonzwe eFrance. Kusukela lapho, ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo kuye kwanda. 

Okuhlukile kwesiNgisi

Okuhlukile kweBritish bekungeke, kube yi-priori, akuzange kulethwe kusuka phesheya. I-coronavirus kungenzeka ukuthi yavela e-UK. Ngokusho kososayensi baseBrithani, okuhlukile okusha kwe-VOC 202012/01 kuqukethe izinguquko eziyi-17 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-coronavirus etholwe ekupheleni kuka-2019, ezimbili zazo ezithinta amaprotheni asetshenziswa leli gciwane ukungena nokuthelela amangqamuzana omuntu. Ukwengeza, kungaba ngu-70% odluliselwayo ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kokuba yingozi kakhulu. Le nguqulo yaseBrithani ibingeke ibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwemithi yokugomela i-Covid, umzimba ulungiselelwa ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba amaningi, aqondiswe kokuhlosiwe okuhlukile.

Ukwengeza, i-VOC 20201/01 noma i-B.1.1.7 yasakazeka ngokushesha eNetherlands, eDenmark nase-Italy. Namuhla, ikhona kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Icala lokuqala latholwa eFrance ngoDisemba 25, 2020 eTours. Kwakumayelana nendoda yobuzwe baseFrance futhi ehlala eNgilandi. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakhe, i-positive, ivuse okuhlukile okwasabalala eGreat Britain. Ngemuva kokwenza ukulandelana, iNational Virus Center yaqinisekisa ukutheleleka nge-VOC ehlukile ka-2020/01. Umuntu uhlaliswe yedwa futhi uqhuba kahle.

Okuhlukile kwaseNingizimu Afrika

Okuhlukile kwaseNingizimu Afrika, okuqanjwe ngokuthi 501Y.V2, kwavela eNingizimu Afrika ngemva kwegagasi lokuqala lalolu bhubhane. Ungqongqoshe wezwe ukuqinisekisile ukuthi ubhebhetheka ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akubonakali sengathi le nguqulo entsha idala ingozi enkulu yokuthola izinhlobo ezinzima zesifo. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, okuhlukile kwaseNingizimu Afrika kwe-501Y.V2 kutholwe emazweni noma ezindaweni ezingama-20. 

Iziphathimandla zaseFrance zaqinisekisa icala lokuqala ngoDisemba 31, 2020. Bekuyindoda ehlala eMnyangweni waseHaut-Rhin, ngemuva kokuhlala eNingizimu Afrika. Ukhombise izimpawu ze-Covid-19 ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ebuyile. Ukuhlolwa bekulungile kokuhlukile kwe-501Y.V2. Lo muntu useluleme futhi uphila kahle, ngemva kokuba yedwa ekhaya.

Okuhlukile kwamaNdiya

Iziphathimandla zezempilo zaseFrance zithole amacala okuqala okutheleleka nge-B.1.617 ehlukile, ebizwa nangokuthi " okuhlukile uma ”, Ngoba ikhona kakhulu eNdiya. Uphethe inguquko ephindwe kabili, engamenza asuleleke kalula futhi amelane kakhudlwana emithini yokugomela i-Covid-19. EFrance, kutholwe icala esakhiweni naseGaronne. Amanye amacala amabili atholwe eBouches du Rhône. Bonke laba bantu banemilando yokuvakasha eNdiya. Ezinye izinsolo zokuhluka kwamaNdiya zibikwe eFrance. 

Ungayithola kanjani i-coronavirus? 

Buyekeza Disemba 1 - I-French National Authority for Health ikhiphe umbono omuhle ngokuhlolwa kwamathe e-EasyCov®, okuzwela okugculisayo okungama-84%. Zihloselwe iziguli ezinezimpawu, lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-nasopharyngeal kungenakwenzeka noma okunzima ukukwenza, njengezingane ezincane, abantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma abantu abadala kakhulu.

Kusukela ngoNovemba 5, ukuthunyelwa kokuhlolwa kwe-antigenic kuyakhula ngesivinini eFrance ukuze kuhlolwe i-Covid-19. Lezi zivivinyo ezisheshayo ziyatholakala emakhemisi noma kwamanye amahhovisi ezokwelapha futhi zinikeza umphumela ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-30. Uhlu lwamakhemisi nabanakekeli bokuzithandela kufanele lutholakale maduze ohlelweni lwe-Tous Anti-Covid. Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwesithenjwa kwe-RT-PCR, kodwa akukushintshi. Kusukela ngoNovemba 13, ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe Wezokubambisana Nezempilo, u-Olivier Véran, kwenziwa izivivinyo ze-PCR eziyizigidi ezingu-2,2 ngesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwenziwa izivivinyo ze-antijeni eziyi-160 emasontweni amabili edlule.  

Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze kwenziwe lolu hlolo olusha lokutholwa kwegciwane, ngokusho kwezincomo ze-Haute Autorité de Santé: abantu abangenazimpawu ezingebona abantu abathintwayo (ukuhlolwa okukhulu ukuhlonza amaqoqo ezindaweni ezihlangene, njengamakhaya asebekhulile noma amanyuvesi) kanye nabantu abagulayo, zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-4 kuqale izimpawu zokuqala. 

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigenic kungenziwa kumakhemisi okuzithandela, ngodokotela abajwayelekile nasemalabhorethri. Abanye ochwepheshe bezempilo nabo bagunyazwe ukwenza isampula ye-nasopharyngeal, njengodokotela bamazinyo, ababelethisi, ama-physiotherapists noma abahlengikazi. 

Uma umphumela uhle, isiguli kufanele sizihlukanise futhi sithinte udokotela osihambelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kungenayo, akudingekile ukuthi uqinisekise umphumela ngokuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR, ngaphandle kwabantu abasengozini yokuthola uhlobo olubi lwe-Covid-19.

Namuhla, izinhlobo eziningana zochwepheshe zigunyazwe ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwereferensi, ukuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR, ikakhulukazi abahlengikazi abagunyazwe nguhulumeni, abafundi bodokotela bamazinyo, ama-maieutics kanye nekhemisi, abasizi babahlengikazi, ama-sappers. izicishamlilo, izicishamlilo zasolwandle kanye nabosizo lokuqala abavela ezinhlanganweni zezokuphepha zomphakathi ezigunyaziwe.

Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 19, noma ngubani ofisayo angahlolelwa i-Covid-19. Ukuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR kumahhala futhi akusadingi incwadi kadokotela. Ukuze kuncishiswe izikhathi zokulinda ukuze bathole imiphumela, abantu baza kuqala ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwe-Covid-19: abantu abanezimpawu, amacala okuthintana nawo, abahlengikazi nokunye okunjalo. 

Ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele yi-Medicare. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo ezintsha, ezintsha zizotholakala maduze, ngokusho kukahulumeni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigenic kungenziwa emakhemisi ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. 

Umphumela unikezwa kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 noma engama-30. Ngeke babuyiselwe imali yabo ngokugcwele. Ukuhlolwa kwabantu abaningi kakade kuyaqhubeka kwamanye amakhaya asebekhulile, ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwe-antigenic. Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kwe-COVID-19 kungenziwa kuzo zonke izikhungo zezempilo ezibhekwayo (ESR) okuyizibhedlela eziyinkomba ezingeni lesifunda. Amasampula okuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Sars-CoV-2 nawo angenziwa ngamalabhorethri edolobheni.

Lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga zenziwa kuphela uma kwenzeka izinsolo zokutheleleka ngegciwane ngemva kokuphonswa imibuzo ngudokotela ovela kwa-SAMU noma uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo obhekisela kuye. Eminyangweni lapho i-coronavirus isebenza kakhulu, izivivinyo zibekelwe abantu abanezimpawu ezinzima. Isampula ithathwa kusetshenziswa i-swab (uhlobo lwe-cotton swab) esetshenziselwa ukuqoqa i-phlegm ekhaleni noma emphinjeni. Umphumela waziwa phakathi kwamahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-5.

• Uma ukuxilongwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kungenayo. Akukho okumele ukwenze.
• Uma ukuxilongwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kukuhle: uma zingekho izimpawu (noma uma kunezimpawu ezithambile), umuntu ohlolwe ukuthi une-HIV uya ekhaya lapho kufanele ahlale evalelwe izinsuku eziyi-14. Ucelwa ukuba agweme ukuthintana namanye amalungu omndeni (noma ahlala naye) futhi, ngangokunokwenzeka, abe negumbi lokugezela elithile kanye ne-WC noma, uma ehluleka, angathinti noma yiziphi izinto ezivamile, evame ukuwasha izindawo ezithintekile. njengezibankwa zeminyango. Uma ilethwa ekhaya, kufanele icele odilivayo ukuthi ashiye iphakheji lapho efika ukuze agweme noma yikuphi ukuxhumana. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 11, abantu abahlolelwa ukuthi banegciwane lengculazi, amacala okuxhumana noma abantu abalinde imiphumela yabo kumele bahlale bodwa izinsuku eziyi-7. 
• Uma ukuxilongwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kunempilo futhi kunezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuyanqunywa.

Abantu abathintekayo

Noma ngubani angangenwa i-Sars-CoV-2 ngoba leli gciwane lilisha, amasosha ethu omzimba awaliboni futhi awakwazi ukusivikela kulo. Nokho, ikakhulukazi abantu abathile abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu. Singase sikhathazeke ezimeni ezilandelayo:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili,
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu,
• Isifo sikashukela,
• Isifo samaphaphu esivele sikhona,
• Isifo senhliziyo,
• Umdlavuza ungaphansi kokwelashwa
• I-Immunosuppression,
• Ukukhulelwa okuqhubekayo (ngokusho kwezifo ezaziwayo ngamanye ama-coronavirus, kowesifazane okhulelwe, akungabazeki ukuthi kuzoba nengozi yokuphuphuma kwezisu kanye nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
• Ngokuvamile, noma yimuphi umuntu obuthakathaka.

Izici eziyingozi zeCoronavirus

• Ukuhlala endaweni lapho i-coronavirus izungeza khona ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ezedlule, noma uke wathintana nomuntu otheleleke nge-Sars-CoV-2, kuveza ubungozi bokuthola i-Covid-19.
• Uma usondelana eduze nesiguli se-coronavirus - indawo efanayo yokuphila kanye / noma ubuso nobuso ngaphakathi kwemitha ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula noma ingxoxo kanye / noma ukuba khona endaweni eyodwa kuvalelwe okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 - kungukuthi. Kunconywe ukuhlala ekhaya izinsuku eziyi-7 - uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambili - (ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile) ngokuzihlola ngokwakho izinga lokushisa kabili ngosuku.
• Uma ukuxhumana bekungasondeli noma kukude, ukuncipha okulula kwemisebenzi yezenhlalo - njengokungayi ezindaweni lapho kunabantu ababuthaka njengamakhaya asebekhulile, abakhulelwe, izibhedlela, imitholampilo - kanye nemoto. ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwanele.
• Uma kuvela umkhuhlane kanye/noma uma kuvela izimpawu ezisikiselayo (ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, njll.) kuhle ukuthintana nodokotela wakho ngocingo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nobunzima bokuphefumula, kufanele ushayele ngokushesha iSamu ngo-15 ukuze uzuze ngokushesha ekuhlolweni kokuxilonga.

Okwamanje, ungayi egumbini lokulinda likadokotela noma igumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo ngaphansi kwesijeziso sokungcolisa bonke abantu abalapho. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele uhlale ekhaya, ugweme noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nomuntu obuthakathaka (abantu asebekhulile, abantu abanesifo esingelapheki, abesifazane abakhulelwe, njll.).

Ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus

Njengesikhumbuzo, i-Covid-19 isakazwa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi aphuma ngesikhathi sengxoxo, ukuthimula noma ukukhwehlela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuthinta kwesithiyo, njengokugcina ibanga elide ukusuka komunye nomunye, ukugqoka imaski noma ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngamanzi anensipho. I-Covid-19 ingasakazwa nangezindawo ezingcolile. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukuwahlanza nge-bleach kanye nezinye izinto okufanele zingcoliswe, njengamaswishi noma izibambo zezicabha. 

Izincomo zokugwema ukudluliswa

Izincomo sezibekiwe ukuze kugwenywe ukungenwa yizifo. I-coronavirus entsha isakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi izodala izimpawu, yize abanye abantu benezimpawu ezincane noma bengenazo nhlobo. 

Kusukela ngoJulayi 20, 2020, ukugqoka imaskhi kuyimpoqo ezindaweni zomphakathi ezivalekile, kubantu abaneminyaka engu-11 nangaphezulu. Kusukela ngo-September 1, lesi sibopho sidlulela ezinkampanini, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangenalo ihhovisi ngalinye. Kubafundi abaneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, imaskhi iyimpoqo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezikole.

Kusukela ngomhlaka-10 Novemba 2020, ukugqoka imaskhi kuyisibopho ezindaweni ezivalekile zendawo yaseFrance, kodwa futhi nangaphandle emadolobheni athile, anjengeParis, Marseille noma iNice. Itholakala nase-Alpes-Maritimes, Bas-Rhin, Bouches-du-Rhône, Charente-Maritime, Côtes d'Armor, Oise nakweminye iminyango. Ngakho-ke isibopho sokugqoka imaskhi singadlulela kumasipala wonke, njengoba kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezisengozini yokutheleleka. Ukulwa nobhubhane lwe-coronavirus eFrance, amanye amadolobha enza ukugqokwa kwemaski kube yimpoqo ngokwengxenye, ezindaweni ezithile noma ezindaweni ezithile zomphakathi, njengamapaki ezingane. Kunjalo kuLille, Montpellier, Nantes ngisho noNancy. Amadolobha avunyelwe ukwenza isinqumo noma cha. Kufakwa unswinyo uma umthetho ungahlonishwa, okungukuthi inhlawulo ye-135 €. 

Imikhawulo eqinisiwe kanye nezikhathi zokufika ekhaya

• ukuhamba phakathi kwekhaya nendawo yokuzivocavoca komsebenzi wochwepheshe noma isikhungo semfundo noma sokuqeqesha; uhambo lwebhizinisi olungeke luhlehliswe; hamba ngomncintiswano noma ukuhlolwa. (zosetshenziswa abasebenzi abazisebenzayo, lapho bengenabo ubufakazi bohambo olutholwe umqashi wabo);
• ukuya endaweni egunyaziwe yamasiko noma endaweni yokukhulekela; ukuhamba ukuyothenga izimpahla, ngezinkonzo okuhlinzekwa ngazo okugunyaziwe, ukuhoxiswa kwe-oda kanye nokulethwa ekhaya;
• ukubonisana, ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa okungeke kuhlinzekwe kude nokuthengwa kwemithi;
• ukuhamba ngezizathu eziphoqayo zomndeni, ukuthola usizo kubantu abasengozini futhi abasengozini noma ukunakekelwa kwezingane;
• ukuhamba kwabantu abakhubazekile kanye nabahamba nabo;
• ukuhamba endaweni evulekile noma endaweni engaphandle, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yokuhlala, ngaphakathi komkhawulo wamahora amathathu ngosuku futhi ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ukuzungeza ikhaya, okuxhumene nomsebenzi womzimba noma ukuzijabulisa komuntu ngamunye, ukungabandakanywa kwanoma yimuphi umdlalo weqoqo nanoma ikuphi ukuba seduze nabanye abantu, kungaba okokuhamba ngezinyawo nabantu abaqoqelwe ndawonye ekhaya elilodwa, noma ngenxa yezidingo zezilwane ezifuywayo;
• amasamanisi ezinkantolo noma zokuphatha kanye nohambo lokuya emisebenzini yomphakathi;
• ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yentshisekelo evamile ngesicelo sesiphathimandla sokuphatha;
• uhambo lokuyolanda izingane esikoleni naphakathi nemisebenzi yazo yangemva kwesikole.

• isitifiketi sokuvakasha esikhethekile sisasebenza, kodwa sizogunyazwa ukuhamba endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-20 uzungeza ikhaya lakho, isikhathi esingamahora ama-3; 
• amabhizinisi, abathengisi bezincwadi nezitolo zamarekhodi zingaphinda zivulwe ngalolu suku, ngokuvumelana nesimiso esiqinile;
• imisebenzi yangaphandle yangaphandle ingase iqale kabusha. 

Kusukela ngoDisemba 15, uma izinhloso zezempilo zifinyelelwa, okungukuthi izifo ezi-5 ezintsha ngosuku naphakathi kuka-000 no-2 wokulaliswa kokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo: 

• ukuvimbela kuzosuswa;
• ukuhamba okungadingekile kufanele kugwenywe;
• amasinema, amatiyetha namamnyuziyamu azokwazi ukuphinda avulwe, ngenqubo eqinile yenhlanzeko;
• isikhathi sokufika ekhaya sizosetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo, kusukela ngo-21pm kuya ku-7am, ngaphandle kwakusihlwa ngo-December 24 no-31.

UJanuwari 20 usuku lwesithathu oluyisihluthulelo. Ngalolu suku, uma izimo zihlangatshezwana nazo, izindawo zokudlela, amathilomu namahholo ezemidlalo zizokwazi ukuqalisa kabusha imisebenzi yazo. Amakilasi ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu azoqala kabusha ubuso nobuso, bese emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 emanyuvesi. 

UMongameli weRiphabhulikhi umemezele a ukuvalelwa kwesibili eFrance, kusukela ngoLwesihlanu zingama-30 kuMfumfu, isikhathi esincane esingamasonto amane. Lesi sinyathelo sithathwa ukuzama ukunqanda ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19 eFrance. Ngempela, isimo sezempilo kuleli gagasi lesibili sikhulu kakhulu "ngesihluku»Kunowokuqala, ngoMashi odlule. Emahoreni angama-24, amacala angaphezu kwama-35 amenyezelwe. Inombolo yokuzala kwegciwane (noma u-R osebenzayo) ingu-000. Izinga lezehlakalo (inani labantu abanethemba lokuhlolwa) liyi-1,4 kubahlali abangama-392,4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokuhlala kwemibhede yokuvuselela iziguli ze-Covid-100 ngu-000%. Ukuvalelwa kokuqala kwasebenza. Kungakho u-Emmanuel Macron enqume ukukubeka okwesibili kumaFulentshi. Eminye imithetho iyafana naleyo yasentwasahlobo edlule: 

• isakhamuzi ngasinye kufanele sithole isitifiketi sokuhamba esiyimpoqo ngesikhathi sohambo olugunyaziwe (uchwepheshe, ukucindezela, izizathu zokwelashwa, ukuthenga okubalulekile noma ukuhamba isilwane saso);
• imihlangano yangasese ayibandakanywa futhi imibuthano yomphakathi ayivunyelwe;
• izikhungo ezivulekele umphakathi zivaliwe (izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi, amasinema, amadamu okubhukuda, njll.) kanye namabhizinisi “angabalulekile” (izindawo zokudlela, amabha, amakhefi, izitolo, njll.);
• ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokwengxenye kuvuselelwa kubasebenzi nabaqashi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinguquko zenzeka uma ziqhathaniswa nokuvalelwa kokuqala:

• izinkulisa, izikole, amakolishi nezikole zamabanga aphezulu zihlala zivuliwe;
• abafundi balandela izifundo bekude; 
• ukusebenza ngocingo kwenziwa jikelele, kodwa akuphoqelekile;
• umsebenzi ezimbonini, emapulazini, emkhakheni wezokwakha kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi uyaqhubeka;
• uzokwazi ukuvakashela umuntu osekhulile emakhaya asebekhulile, inqobo nje uma umthetho wezempilo uyahlonishwa.

Imaski yenziwa impoqo eFrance: imaphi amadolobha nezindawo ezithintekayo? 

Kusukela ngoMeyi 11, 2020, ukugqoka imaskhi kuyimpoqo kuzithuthi zomphakathi (ibhasi, ithilamu, izitimela, njll.). Ngomhla zingama-20 kuJulayi 2020, kuba njalo ezindaweni ezivaliwe (izitolo, izindawo zokudlela, icinema, njll.). Mayelana nokuqala konyaka wesikole ngoSepthemba 2020, izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-11 kufanele zigqoke imaski esikoleni. Abaqashi kudingeka banikeze abasebenzi babo imaski. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2020, amadolobha anganquma ukuphoqa imaskhi, ngisho nasemigwaqweni. Izikhulu zezifunda zithatha izinqumo ezinomkhawulo lapho amadolobhana noma iminyango iqaphile. Lena indaba yaseParis, ejoyina iMarseille, Toulouse neNice. Ukulwa nobhubhane oluxhumene ne-coronavirus eFrance, amanye amadolobho anelisa ukwenza ukugqoka imaski kuyimpoqo kancane, okusho ukuthi ezindaweni ezithile kuphela, njenga Lille, Nantes, Nancy, Montpellier noma iToulon. Kungenzeka ukuyisusa ukuze uyidle noma uyiphuze, ngokuhlala ungekho. Uma kungenjalo, lowo muntu unesibopho sokukhokha inhlawulo efinyelela ku-€ 135. Ukugqoka imaskhi eyisibopho kunwebeka emadolobheni amaningana esifundeni saseRhône nasemadolobheni angu-7 ase-Alpes-Maritimes, kuze kube ngu-Okthoba 15. Lesi silinganiso singanwetshwa. , uma kunesidingo. Imikhawulo yendawo ishintsha njalo kuye ngokusakazwa kwegciwane.

Ukuzivikela ku-coronavirus

Ukuvimbela i-coronavirus kuyefana nomkhuhlane kanye ne-gastroenteritis. Ngakho-ke kunconywa:

• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi, uhlikihle kahle phakathi kweminwe okungenani imizuzwana engamashumi amabili bese uhlanza kahle.
• Kuphela uma lingekho iphuzu lamanzi, geza izandla zakho ngesisombululo esinotshwala obumanzi. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa lesi sixazululo kuphela, ngoba kunengozi yokoma kwesikhumba.
• Thanda ukusebenza ngocingo lapho kungenzeka.
• Gwema konke ukuphuma nokubuthana okungadingekile.
• Noma yikuphi ukuvakasha kwamanye amazwe kufanele kuhlehliswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Eqinisweni, izindiza eziningi zikhanseliwe. Esimeni sokuhamba, naphezu kwakho konke, ezweni lapho leli gciwane lizungeza khona, bheka izincomo ezithile ezinikezwe uMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseYurophu (www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux- travelers / izeluleko -ngezwe-indawo oya kuyo /)

Ukuvikela abanye

I-Sars-CoV-2 idluliselwa phakathi kwezinye izinto ngamaconsi amathe, iyacelwa:

• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi, uhlikihle kahle phakathi kweminwe bese ugeza kahle.
• Kuphela uma lingekho iphuzu lamanzi, geza izandla zakho ngesisombululo esinotshwala obumanzi.
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula endololwaneni yakhe noma izicubu ezilahlwayo, ukuphonsa emgqonyeni kadoti.
• Gwema ukuqabula noma ukuxhawula izandla ukubingelela.
• Izinyathelo zesikhashana ezinjengokuvalwa kwezinkulisa, izikole, amakolishi, izikole zamabanga aphezulu namanyuvesi ziyathathwa ukuze kunqandwe ukusabalala kwe-Sars-CoV-2.
• Imikhawulo emisha ithathwa njalo, kuye ngokusakazwa kwegciwane kanye nokudlula imingcele yokuxwayisa. Phakathi kwazo, ukwehliswa komthamo wabafundi ukuya ku-50% kuma-amphitheatre nasemakilasini, osekuvele kusebenza.

Indlela yokuhlanza indawo engcolile futhi wenze igciwane lingasebenzi?

Ukuhlanza indawo engcoliswe u-62-71% wotshwala noma u-0,5% we-hydrogen peroxide noma i-0,1% ye-bleach ngomzuzu owodwa kuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo. Lokhu kubalulekile uma sazi ukuthi ukusinda kwe-SARS-CoV-2 endaweni engasebenzi kungaba nge-oda lezinsuku ezi-1 kuye kweziyi-9, ikakhulukazi endaweni enomswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa

• Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, inombolo yamahhala yasungulwa ukuze iphendule yonke imibuzo mayelana ne-Covid-19, amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingu-24 ngesonto: 7 7 0800.

• UMnyango Wezobumbano Nezempilo uphendula imibuzo eminingi esizeni sawo: www.gouvernement.fr/info-coronavirus futhi idatha ibuyekezwa ngokuya ngokuvela kwe-Covid-19 ezweni.

• Iwebhusayithi ye-WHO: www.who.int/fr/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019