Ama-lymphocyte amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-leukocyte) adlala indima ebalulekile kumasosha omzimba. Bakhomba futhi banciphise amagciwane akhona emzimbeni.

Inombolo nosayizi wama-lymphocyte

LAma-lymphocyte amangqamuzana amancane. Ziningi ngokwedlulele futhi zimele phakathi kuka-20 no-40% ka ama-leukocytes ukujikeleza emzimbeni.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lymphocyte

Ngokuvamile kukhona amaqembu amathathu ama-lymphocyte:

• Ama-lymphocyte B ;
• T lymphocyte ;
• Ama-lymphocyte e-NK.

Ukuhlanganiswa nokuvuthwa kwama-lymphocyte

Ukuhlanganiswa nokuvuthwa kwama-lymphocyte kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zezitho:

• izitho ze-lymphoid eziyinhloko, lapho umnkantsha wethambo nengxenye yakho kuyingxenye;
• izitho ze-lymphoid zesibili, noma i-peripheral, ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi ubende nama-lymph nodes.

Njengawo wonke ama-leukocyte, ama-lymphocyte ahlanganiswa ngaphakathi kwe- umkantsha. Ngemuva kwalokho bazothuthela kwezinye izitho ze-lymphoid ukuze baqhubeke nokuvuthwa kwabo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-T lymphocyte kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-thymus ngenkathi ukuvuthwa kwama-lymphocyte B kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezitho ze-lymphoid zesibili.

Indawo nokusakazwa kwama-lymphocyte

Njengamaseli abomvu egazi (amaseli abomvu egazi) nama-thrombocyte (amaplatelets), ama-lymphocyte angazungeza igazi. Njengawo wonke ama-leukocyte, nawo anokukwazi ukukwazi ukusabalalisa kufayela le- i-lymph. Ama-lymphocyte nawo akhona ezingeni le- izitho ze-lymphoid eziyinhloko nezesibili.

Ama-lymphocyte amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi adlala indima ebalulekile kwi izivikeli mzimba. Ngaphakathi komzimba, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-lymphocyte lwenza umsebenzi othile wokulwa namagciwane.

Iqhaza lama-lymphocyte e-NK ekuphenduleni kokuzalwa komzimba

Ama-lymphocyte e-NK, noma amaseli we-NK, ayabandakanyeka ekuphenduleni okungokwemvelo kokuzivikela komzimba, okuyimpendulo yokuqala yomzimba ekuhlaselweni ngamagciwane. Impendulo engokwemvelo yokuzivikela komzimba iyashesha futhi ifaka ama-lymphocyte e-NK, indima yawo ukuqeda amangqamuzana alimele njengamaseli athelelekile namaseli omdlavuza.

Izindima zama-B ne-T lymphocyte ekuphenduleni komzimba okuguqukayo

Ama-lymphocyte ka-B no-T abamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni komzimba okuguquguqukayo. Ngokungafani nempendulo yokuzalwa komzimba, lesi sigaba sesibili sokuphendula komzimba sibizwa ngokuthile. Ngokuya ngokuqashelwa nokubamba ngekhanda kwamagciwane, ukuphendula komzimba okuguquguqukayo kufaka ama-leukocyte amaningana afaka:

• Amaseli we-B akhiqiza ama-antibodies, amaprotheni ayinkimbinkimbi anekhono lokubona nokunciphisa kahle amagciwane;
• Amaseli we-T abona futhi aqede amagciwane ngendlela ethile.

Ingozi yezifo ezizimele

Isifo sokuzilimaza sibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli B. Esifo se-autoimmune, lawa maseli akhiqiza ama-antibody ahlasela amaseli emzimbeni.

Kunezifo ezahlukahlukene ezizimele njenge:

• rheumatoid arthritis ;
• multiple sclerosis ;
• thayipha 1 sikashukela.

Icala le-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Ebhekele i-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS) etholakele, i-HIV igciwane elihlasela amangqamuzana omzimba, ikakhulukazi ama-T lymphocyte. Lezi zamuva azisakwazi ukudlala indima yazo yokuzivikela, ebeka umzimba kuwo izifo ezingosomathuba imiphumela yayo ingaba mibi.

Umdlavuza othinta ama-lymphocyte

Ama-lymphocyte angathinteka ngumdlavuza ohlukile, ikakhulukazi uma:

• i-lymphoma, umdlavuza we-lymphatic system;
• a i-leukemia, umdlavuza othinta amaseli emnkantsheni wethambo;
• i-myeloma, umdlavuza we-hematologic;
• Isifo sikaWaldenström, umdlavuza othile we-hematologic othinta ama-lymphocyte B.

Izixazululo zokuvimbela

Ngokuyinhloko, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV, okunemiphumela emibi kuma-lymphocyte. Ukuvimbela i-AIDS kuqala ngokuvikelwa okwenele ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini.

Imithi yokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuncike ekungajwayelekile okutholakele. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka nge-HIV kunikezwa imishanguzo esuselwa kuzidambisigciwane. Uma kutholakala isimila, i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy iseshini ingenziwa.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka. Ku-leukemia, ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kungenziwa ikakhulukazi.

AmaHemograms

Ukubalwa kwegazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufeza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe nesilinganiselwe sezinto ezikhona egazini, kufaka phakathi ama-lymphocyte.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi, izinga le-lymphocyte libhekwa njengejwayelekile uma liphakathi kuka-1,5 no-4 g / L.

Ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhomba izinhlobo ezimbili zokungajwayelekile kwe-lymphocyte:

• ukubalwa kwe-lymphocyte ephansi, lapho ingaphansi kuka-1 g / L, okuwuphawu lwe-lymphopenia;
• ukubalwa okuphezulu kwe-lymphocyte, lapho ingaphezu kuka-5 g / L, okuwuphawu lwe-lymphocytosis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-hyperlymphocytosis.

I-Myelogram

I-myelogram ukuhlaziya ukusebenza komnkantsha wethambo. Ilinganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kufaka ama-lymphocyte.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytobacteriological (ECBU)

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ubukhona bamaseli amhlophe egazini emchameni. Izinga eliphezulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi kuwuphawu lwesimo.

Umsuka wesigaba se-B lymphocyte

Kunezincazelo eziningi zohlamvu “B”. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi leli gama lingaxhunyaniswa nomnkantsha wethambo, lapho kwenziwa khona ama-lymphocyte B. EsiNgisini, umnkantsha ubizwa nge- “Bone marrow”. Incazelo yesibili, ebonakala iyiqiniso kakhulu, izohlobana ne-bursa kaFabricius, isitho esiyinhloko se-lymphoid esikhona ezinyonini. Kusezingeni lalesi sitho lapho ama-lymphocyte B akhonjwe khona.

Umsuka wesigaba se-T cell

Umsuka wencwadi "T" ulula. Ibhekisela ku-thymus, isitho esiyinhloko se-lymphoid lapho ukuvuthwa kwe-T lymphocyte kwenzeka.

Umsuka wesigaba se-NK lymphocyte

Izinhlamvu "NK" iziqalo ngesiNgisi ze- "Natural Killer". Lokhu kubhekisela esenzweni esiqeda amandla sama-lymphocyte e-NK.