I-lobe yesikhashana (i-lobe - kusukela kwelesiGrikhi elithi lobos, temporal - kusukela kwelesiLatini elithi temporalis, okusho ukuthi "okuthatha isikhathi kuphela") yakha enye yezifunda zobuchopho, ezitholakala eceleni nangemuva kobuchopho.

Isikhundla se-lobe yesikhashana. I-lobe yesikhashana itholakala ezingeni lethambo lesikhashana engxenyeni engemuva nephansi yobuchopho (1) (2) (3). Ihlukaniswa namanye ama-lobe ngama-grooves ahlukene:

• I-lateral sulcus, noma i-Sylvius sulcus, iyihlukanisa nelobe yangaphambili ne-parietal.
• Umsele we-occipito-temporal uwuhlukanisa ne-occipital lobe ngemuva.

Isakhiwo se-lobe temporal. I-lobe yesikhashana inemigodi yesibili nephezulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha ama-convolutions abizwa ngokuthi i-gyri. I-gyri ye-lobe yesikhashana eyinhloko yi-gyrus yesikhashana ephakeme, i-middle temporal gyrus kanye ne-inferior temporal gyrus.

I-cerebral cortex ihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yengqondo kanye nezinzwa-motor. Iphinde ihileleke ekuvimbeni kwemisipha yamathambo. Le misebenzi ehlukene isakazwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zobuchopho (1).

Umsebenzi we-lobe yesikhashana. I-lobe yesikhashana inemisebenzi ye-somatosensory. Kubandakanya ikakhulukazi izindawo ezizwelayo zokuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, kanye nengxenye yendawo kaWernicke (1) (2) (3).

Ngokwemvelaphi ewohlokayo, ye-vascular noma yesimila, ama-pathologies athile angathuthuka ku-lobe yesikhashana futhi athinte isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi.

Isibungu. Ingozi yobuchopho, noma i-stroke, ibonakala ngokuvaleka, njengokwakheka kwamahlule egazi noma ukuphuka komkhumbi wegazi wobuchopho (4). Le pathology ingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-lobe yesikhashana.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda. Ihambisana nokushaqeka kogebhezi olungabangela ukulimala kwengqondo (5).

multiple sclerosis. Lesi sifo siyisifo esizimele sohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela i-myelin, umgogodla ozungeze imicu yezinzwa, obangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala. (6)

Isimila ebuchosheni. Izimila ezinhle noma eziyingozi zingakhula ebuchosheni futhi ikakhulukazi ku-lobe yesikhashana. (7)

I-Degenerative cerebral pathologies. Ama-pathologies athile angaholela ekushintsheni kwezicubu zezinzwa ebuchosheni.

• Isifo i-Alzheimer's. Kuphumela ekuguqulweni kwamakhono okuqonda ikakhulukazi ukulahleka kwememori noma ukucabanga. (8)
• Isifo se-Parkinson. Kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthumela lapho uphumule, ukwehlisa ijubane nokwehla ebangeni lokunyakaza. (9)

Imithi yokwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zibekwe njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

I-Thrombolyse. Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokushaywa, lokhu kwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuphula i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. (4)

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Ngokuya ngesiteji sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kubhekwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa isiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuhlola umonakalo we-brainstem, i-CT scan yobuchopho nomgogodla noma i-MRI yobuchopho ingenziwa.

Isidumbu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe isampula lamaseli.

Ukubhoboza i-lumbar. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuthi luhlaziywe.

Lena indawo ka-Wernicke. Kutholakala ezingeni le-lobe yesikhashana, indawo ka-Wernicke yahlonzwa udokotela wezinzwa waseJalimane u-Carl Wernicke ngawo-1870. Le ndawo ihlotshaniswa nokucubungula inkulumo.