I-larynx (kusuka ku-larugks yesiGreki), iyisitho sokuphefumula, esisemphinjeni phakathi kwe-pharynx kanye ne-trachea.

Iphakathi phakathi kwe-pharynx ne-trachea. I-larynx itholakala ngemva kwe-pharynx, ezingeni lokuhlukana phakathi kwemigudu yomoya (kuya kuqhoqhoqho) kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla (kubheke emthonjeni). Umphimbo unamathele engxenyeni yawo engenhla ethanjeni le-hyoid.

Isakhiwo se-cartilagineuse. I-larynx iwumgudu owenziwe izinhlaka ezihlukene (1) ezihlanganisa ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:

• Uqwanga lwegilo, olwakha iqhubu entanyeni elibizwa ngokuthi i-apula lika-Adam.
• I-epiglottic cartilage, noma i-epiglottis, ebandakanyeka ekugwinyeni nasekuphefumuleni ngokuvula noma ukuvala i-larynx.
• Ama-arytenoid cartilages, ama-cartilages amabili amancane ahambayo aqinisekisa ukunamathela kwezintambo zezwi.
• I-cricoid cartilage, enikeza isisekelo se-larynx.

Ama-cartilages ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngeqoqo lemigqa futhi azungezwe ulwelwesi oluqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-larynx.

I-laryngée yemisipha. Ukunyakaza kwe-larynx kunikwe amandla imisipha eminingana ezohileleka ikakhulukazi ekuhambeni kwe-epiglottis nezintambo zezwi.

Indima yokugwinya. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukudlula kokudla noma uketshezi kuqhoqhoqho nasemaphashini, i-epiglottis ivala umphimbo bese izintambo zezwi zihlangane (2).

Umsebenzi wokuphefumula. Ama-epiglottis nezintambo zezwi zidlulisa umoya ohogela emgqonyeni nasemaphashini, nomoya ophefumulayo uye ku-pharynx (2).

Umzimba wenkulumo. Umsindo wenkulumo ukhishwa lapho umoya okhishwayo udlikiza izintambo zezwi (2).

Umphimbo obuhlungu. Ezimweni eziningi, zinomsuka wegciwane. Endabeni ye-laryngitis noma i-epiglottitis, ingaxhunyaniswa nesifo segciwane.

I-Laryngitis. Ihambisana nokuvuvukala komphimbo, ikakhulukazi ezintanjeni zezwi. Okuhle noma okungapheli, kungabonakala njengokukhwehlela ne-dysphonia (ukuphazamiseka kwendlela). Kubucayi kakhulu ezinganeni futhi kungahle kuhambisane ne-dyspnea (ukuphefumula kanzima) (3).

I-Epiglottite. Ngokuvamile imvelaphi yebhaktheriya, iwuhlobo olunzima lwe-laryngitis olungaholela edema ye-epiglottis kanye ne-asphyxia (3,4).

Umdlavuza weLaryngeal. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza womphimbo futhi kungenzeka kunoma yiliphi izinga le-larynx (5).

Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic noma okulwa nokuvuvukala. Imithi elwa namagciwane ingase imiselwe ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya. Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala ingase futhi ibekwe ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

I-Tracheotomy. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuqukethe ukuvuleka ezingeni lomphimbo ukuvumela ukudlula komoya nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa umoya.

I-Laryngectomie. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zomdlavuza, ukukhishwa kwe-larynx kungenziwa6.

Radiotherapy. Amaseli omdlavuza abhujiswa ngokuchayeka kuma-x ray (6).

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kunganikezwa imithi yokunqanda ukusabalala komdlavuza.

I-laryngoscopy engaqondile. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone i-larynx usebenzisa isibuko esincane esibekwe ngemuva komphimbo (7).

I-laryngoscopy eqondile. I-larynx icwaningwa kusetshenziswa ishubhu eliqinile neligobekayo elethulwa ngekhala. Lokhu kungenelela kungavumela nokuthi kuthathwe isampula (i-biopsy) uma ukuhlolwa kudinga ukuthi (7).

I-laryngopharyngographie. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-x-ray ye-larynx kungenziwa ukuze kuphothulwe ukuxilongwa (7).

Isikhundla esiphansi se-larynx kubantu banamuhla uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo sasiyisihloko somqondo ngemvelaphi yolimi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva lukhombisa ukuthi amandla okukhuluma makhulu kakhulu (8).