I-lobe engaphambili (evela kumalobos aseGrisi) yakha esinye sezifunda zobuchopho ezingaphambi kwekhrani.

Isikhundla. I-lobe engaphambili itholakala ngaphambili kobuchopho, ngaphansi kwethambo langaphambili. Ihlukaniswe namanye ama-lobes ngemifantu ehlukahlukene:

• I-sulcus emaphakathi, noma i-Rolando sulcus, yehlukanisa i-lobe engaphambili ne-lobe parietal;
• I-lateral sulcus, noma i-Sylvian sulcus, yehlukanisa i-lobe engaphambili kwi-parietal kanye ne-lobe yesikhashana.

Isakhiwo esiyinhloko. I-lobe engaphambili ingesinye sezifunda zobuchopho. Lesi sakamuva siyingxenye ethuthuke kakhulu yobuchopho futhi sithatha iningi laso. Yenziwe ngama-neurons, imizimba yamaseli atholakala emaphethelweni futhi yakha into empunga. Le ndawo yangaphandle ibizwa ngokuthi i-cortex. Izandiso zale mizimba, ezibizwa ngokuthi imicu yezinzwa, zitholakala maphakathi futhi zakha udaba olumhlophe. Le ndawo yangaphakathi ibizwa nge-medullary region (1) (2). Imisele eminingi, noma imifantu lapho ijule, ihlukanisa izindawo ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Ukuqhekeka kobude besikhathi eside kuvumela ukuthi buhlukaniswe ngama-hemispheres amabili, kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla. Lawa ma-hemispheres axhunywe komunye nomunye ngabakwa-commissures, okuyiyona eyinhloko ye-corpus callosum. Indawo ngayinye ihlukaniswa, ngokusebenzisa i-sulcus eyinhloko, ibe ama-lobes amane: i-lobe engaphambili, i-parietal lobe, i-lobe yesikhashana kanye ne-occipital lobe (2) (3).

Izakhiwo zesibili nezemfundo ephakeme. I-lobe engaphambili inemigwaqo yesibili neyaphezulu, okwenza kube lula ukwakha izingqungquthela ezibizwa ngokuthi i-gyri. Ama-lobe gyri angaphambili angaphambili yilawa:

• i-gyrus emaphakathi,
• i-gyrus engaphambili ephakeme,
• i-gyrus engaphambili emaphakathi,
• i-gyrus engaphansi engaphansi.

I-cerebral cortex ihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yengqondo neyezwela, kanye nomsuka nokulawulwa kokuncipha kwemisipha yamathambo. Le misebenzi ehlukene isatshalaliswa kuma-lobes ahlukene obuchopho (1).

I-lobe engaphambili empeleni ihlanganisa imisebenzi yemoto, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokuzithandela. Umuntu uhlukanisa ikakhulukazi insimu yezimoto eyinhloko esezingeni le-precentral gyrus, kanye nendawo yaseBroca, indawo ehambisana nenkulumo. I-lobe engaphambili nayo inezindawo zokuguqulwa kolwazi (2) (3).

Izifo ezithile zingakhula ku-lobe yangaphambili futhi zithinte isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka futhi ikakhulukazi zingaba zemvelo ewohlokayo, yemithambo noma yesimila, izifo ezithile

Unhlangothi. Ingozi ye-cerebrovascular, noma i-stroke, yenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi lobuchopho uvinjelwe, njengokwakhiwa kwamahlule egazi noma ukuqhekeka komkhumbi4. Le pathology ingathinta imisebenzi ye-lobe yangaphambili.

Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda. Kufana nokushaqeka ezingeni logebhezi olungadala ukulimala kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ezingeni le-lobe engaphambili. (5)

I-Multiple sclerosis. Lesi sifo siyisifo esizimele sohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela i-myelin, umgogodla ozungeze imicu yezinzwa, obangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala. (6)

Isigaxa sobuchopho. Izicubu ezinobungozi noma ezinobungozi zingakhula ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi ku-lobe engaphambili. (7)

I-degenerative pathologies yobuchopho. Izifo ezithile zingaholela ekuguqulweni kwezicubu zemizwa ebuchosheni.

Isifo i-Alzheimer's. Kuphumela ekuguqulweni kwamakhono okuqonda ikakhulukazi ukulahleka kwememori noma ukucabanga. (8)

Isifo se-Parkinson. Kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthumela lapho uphumule, ukwehlisa ijubane nokwehla ebangeni lokunyakaza. (9)

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, izidakamizwa ezithile zingabekwa njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

I-Thrombolyse. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi semivimbo, le ndlela yokwelashwa iqukethe ukuqaqa i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. (4)

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Izivivinyo ze-Medical imaging. Ukuze kusungulwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, i-cerebral kanye nomgogodla we-CT scan noma i-cerebral MRI ingenziwa ikakhulukazi.

i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe isampula lamaseli.

Ukukhishwa kwe-Lumbar. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela ukuthi i-cerebrospinal fluid ihlaziywe.

Iqokonyiswe ngudokotela ohlinza izinzwa waseFrance uPaul Broca ngo-1861, indawo yaseBroca yakha indawo ehlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kolimi.