Ngaphandle, lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyi-quirk ehlekisayo, kodwa kulabo abahlushwa ama-phobias, akuyona neze into ehlekisayo: ukwesaba okungenangqondo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kucekele phansi ukuphila kwabo. Futhi kunezigidi zabantu abanjalo.
U-Andrey, 32, ongumeluleki we-IT, ujwayele ukuhlekwa uma ezama ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izinkinobho zimthusa aze afe. Ikakhulukazi kumahembe namabhantshi.
“Ngangisebenza endaweni yebhizinisi egcwele abantu abagqoke amasudi namabhathini yonke indawo. Kimina, kufana nokuvaleleka esakhiweni esivuthayo noma ukuminza lapho ungakwazi ukubhukuda,” usho kanje. Izwi lakhe linqamuka lapho ecabanga nje ngamagumbi lapho izinkinobho zingabonakala khona njalo.
U-Andrey uhlushwa i-kumpunophobia, ukwesaba izinkinobho. Akuvamile njengamanye ama-phobias, kepha ngokwesilinganiso kuthinta ama-75 kubantu abayi-XNUMX. AbakwaKumpunophobes bakhala ngokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nomndeni nabangani ngoba bengakwazi ukuya emishadweni nasemingcwabeni. Ngokuvamile bayayiyeka imisebenzi yabo, baphoqeleke ukuthi bashintshele emsebenzini okude.
I-Phobias iphathwa nge-cognitive behavioral therapy. Le ndlela ihilela ukuthintana nento eyesabayo
I-Phobias ukwesaba okungenangqondo. Zilula: ukwesaba into ethile, njengaku-Andrey, futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ukwesaba kuhlotshaniswa nesimo esithile noma izimo. Ngokuvamile, labo abaphethwe i-phobia babhekana nokuhlekwa, ngakho abaningi bakhetha ukungakhangisi isimo sabo futhi benze ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
“Ngangicabanga ukuthi bazovele bangihleke ehhovisi likadokotela,” kuvuma u-Andrei. “Ngaqonda ukuthi yonke into yayibucayi kakhulu, kodwa ngangingazi ukuthi ngingakuchaza kanjani okwenzeka kimi ngaphandle kokubukeka njengesilima.”
Esinye isizathu esenza abantu bangayi kudokotela imishanguzo uqobo lwayo. Ngokuvamile, ama-phobias aphathwa ngosizo lokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, futhi le ndlela ihilela ukuthintana nento yokwesaba. I-phobia iqala lapho ubuchopho bujwayele ukuphendula ezimweni ezithile ezingasongela (ake sithi, isicabucabu esincane) ngendlela ecindezelayo yokulwa-noma-ukundiza. Lokhu kungabangela ukushaywa uvalo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukucasuka, noma isifiso esinamandla sokubaleka. Ukusebenza ngento yokwesaba kusikisela ukuthi uma isiguli sijwayela kancane kancane ukusabela ngokuthula ekuboneni kwesicabucabu esifanayo - noma sibambe ngezandla zakhe, khona-ke uhlelo "luzoqalisa kabusha". Nokho, ukubhekana nephupho lakho elibi kuyethusa.
Kunezigidi zabantu abane-phobias, kodwa izimbangela zokuvela kwabo nezindlela zokwelapha azifundwanga kakhulu. U-Nicky Leadbetter, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Anxiety UK (inhlangano ye-neurosis nokukhathazeka), uke waphathwa ama-phobias ngokwakhe futhi ungumsekeli oshisekayo we-CBT, kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi idinga ukuthuthukiswa futhi lokho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kocwaningo olwengeziwe.
“Ngikhumbula izikhathi lapho ukukhathazeka kwakucatshangelwa khona kanye nokucindezeleka, nakuba kuyizifo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Sisebenze kanzima ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi i-neurosis yokukhathazeka ithathwa njengokuphazamiseka okuzimele, futhi okuyingozi kangako empilweni. Kuyafana nama-phobias, kusho u-Leadbetter. - Esikhaleni semidiya, ama-phobias abonwa njengento ehlekisayo, hhayi engathí sina, futhi lesi simo sengqondo singena emuthini. Ngicabanga ukuthi yingakho luncane ucwaningo lwesayensi ngalesi sihloko njengamanje. ”
UMargarita uneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, ungumphathi wezokumaketha. Wesaba izindawo eziphakemeyo. Ngisho nalapho ebona izitebhisi ezinde, uqala ukuvevezela, inhliziyo yakhe ishaya ngamandla futhi ufuna into eyodwa kuphela - ukubaleka. Wafuna usizo lochwepheshe lapho ehlela ukuyohlala nesoka lakhe futhi akazange ayithole indawo yokuhlala esitezi sokuqala.
Ukwelashwa kwakhe kwakuhlanganisa nokuzivocavoca okuhlukahlukene. Isibonelo, kwakudingeka ukuphakamisa ikheshi nsuku zonke, futhi wengeze phansi njalo ngesonto. I-phobia ayizange iphele ngokuphelele, kodwa manje intombazane ingakwazi ukubhekana nokwesaba.
I-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy iphumelela ezimweni eziningi, kodwa abanye ochwepheshe bayakuxwaya.
UGuy Baglow, umqondisi we-MindSpa Phobia Clinic yaseLondon, uthi: “Ukwelapha kwengqondo kulungisa imicabango nezinkolelo. Isebenza kahle ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, kepha angicabangi ukuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni ama-phobias. Ezigulini eziningi, ukuthintana nento ye-phobia kuphela kwaqinisa ukusabela esasifuna ukuhlehlisa. I-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ikhuluma ngokuqaphela okusebenzayo, ifundisa umuntu ukuthi abheke izimpikiswano ezinengqondo ngokumelene nokwesaba. Kodwa abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi i-phobia ayinangqondo, ngakho le ndlela ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. "
“Kuyadabukisa ukwazi ukuthi nakuba abangane babehlekisa ngezinto ezingavamile, mina ngangilwa nowami ubuchopho”
Naphezu kokwesaba kwakhe, nokho u-Andrei watshela udokotela ngenkinga yakhe. Wadluliselwa kumxhumanisi. “Wayemuhle kakhulu, kodwa kwadingeka ngilinde inyanga yonke ukuze ngithole ukuxoxisana ngocingo lwesigamu sehora. Futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokho, ngabelwa isimiso semizuzu engu-45 kuphela ngemva kwamasonto onke. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngase ngesaba kakade ukuphuma endlini.
Nokho, ekhaya, ukukhathazeka akuzange kumshiye no-Andrey. Akakwazanga ukubukela i-TV, akakwazanga ukuya kumamuvi: kuthiwani uma inkinobho iboniswa eduze kwesikrini? Wayedinga usizo oluphuthumayo. “Ngaphinde ngahlala nabazali bami ngasebenzisa imali eningi nginakekela abagula kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa lapho bangibonisa khona izithombe zezinkinobho, ngashaywa uvalo. Ngangingakwazi ukukhipha lezi zithombe ekhanda lami amasonto amaningi, ngangihlale ngithukile. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa akuzange kuqhubeke.
Kodwa kamuva nje isimo sika-Andrey siye saba ngcono. Ngokokuqala ngqa empilweni yakhe, wazithengela amajini anezinkinobho. “Nginenhlanhla yokuba nomndeni ongesekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusekelwa, mhlawumbe bengizocabanga ukuzibulala,” usho kanje. “Manje kuyadabukisa ukwazi ukuthi nakuba abangani bami benza amahlaya ngezinto ezingavamile futhi benza imigilingwane enjengeyemi, ngangilwa nobuchopho bami. Kunzima kakhulu, ingcindezi eqhubekayo. Akekho ongakuthola kuhlekisa.”