Okuqukethwe
Njalo wensimu, kungakhathaliseki professional noma amateur, okungenani kanye ekuphileni kwakhe uye wahlangabezana ngokuxhunyelelwa amagatsha izithelo. Njengoba isihlahla sama-apula siwumuthi wezithelo ovame kakhulu emasimini ethu, ukuxhunyelelwa kwawo kwenziwa kaningi. Ukuze konke kuphumelele, kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile yonke imithetho. Ezimweni eziningi, umphumela omuhle uncike ekusikeni kwama-apula okulungiselelwe kahle ukuze kuxhunywe.
Isikhathi sokuvuna ama-cuttings
Ukusikwa kwezihlahla ze-apula zokuxhunyelelwa kungaqalwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Ngokuvamile, ukulungiswa kwenziwa ekwindla (ekupheleni kukaNovemba). Isikhathi esifaneleke kakhulu sokuvuna yisikhathi esingemva kokunqamuka kokugeleza kwencindi esihlahleni. Lesi sikhathi siqala ngemva kokuba isihlahla sama-apula sesichithe ngokuphelele amaqabunga futhi sangena esimweni sokungalali.
Abanye abalimi bathi ukuvuna kungenziwa ekuqaleni kobusika. Ukulungiselela ubusika bokusika, isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kobusika kuya maphakathi noJanuwari sifanelekile. Ngemuva kukaJanuwari, kungenzeka ukuncibilika, futhi lokhu kuzokhuphula kakhulu izinga lokusinda lokusika (kungase kungabi nezimpande nhlobo), okunqunywe ngalesi sikhathi. Kunencazelo yalesi simo. Kukholelwa ukuthi kulokhu, ukunyakaza kwezinto zepulasitiki eziqongweni zehlumela kwenzeka lapho ilanga lishisa. Zihamba ngamagatsha. Ukusika igatsha elinjalo nokuxhunyelelwa esiphunzini ngeke kuphumelele ngenxa yokuthi kakade ayinazo izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze izakhi zokuxhunyelelwa zikhule ndawonye futhi zakhe i-callus. Futhi, ngesikhathi sasebusika, ukuqandisa kwamahlumela amancane kungase kwenzeke.
Abanye abalimi baphikisa ngokuthi ukuze kuxhunywe ngempumelelo, ukusika kwama-apula kungavunwa ngoDisemba noma ngoFebhuwari, kanye nangoMashi. Kodwa kulokhu, izimo zezulu kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ukushisa komoya ngesikhathi sokusika akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka -10 degrees Celsius. Yilokhu kushisa okunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuqina okuhle kwamahlumela wonyaka. Uma ukuvuna kwenziwa ekuqaleni kobusika, kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Uma ubusika bebungaqhwa kakhulu, futhi izinkuni esihlahleni se-apula azizange zonakaliswe, khona-ke isiqu singavunwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kuka-March.
Futhi, i-scion ingalungiswa entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, amahlumela amasha asikwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-bud break. Uma ama-buds ekuhlumeni asevele eqhakazile, ngakho-ke awasetshenziselwa ukugoma. Kwezinye izimo, ukuvuna kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuthenwa kwesihlahla sama-apula ngoMashi.
Abanye abalimi basikisela ukuvuna ukusika ngaphambi nje kokuba uqale ukuxhunyelelwa.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-apula cuttings kungenziwa kokubili ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Isikhathi sokuvuna i-scion ngokuqondile sincike esikhathini saso. Uma ukugoma kuzokwenziwa ebusika, khona-ke i-scion, ngokulandelanayo, ilungiswa ekuqaleni kobusika, futhi uma entwasahlobo, khona-ke ekuqaleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula eziqinile ebusika, kokubili ukulungiswa kwe-scion ekwindla nasebusika kufanelekile ngokulinganayo.
Kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuvuna ezibalwe ngenhla, i-100% yomphumela wokuxhunyelelwa itholakala ngokuvuna izinqamu ekuqaleni kobusika.
Ividiyo ebonisa ukuxhunyelelwa kwentwasahlobo noma yasebusika ingatholakala ngezansi.
Ungalungiselela kanjani
Ukuze ukugoma kuhambe ngendlela efanele, kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuvuna, kanye nokuvuna ngokwayo ngendlela esezingeni.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele imiyalo elandelayo:
- izihlahla kufanele zikhethwe kusengaphambili lapho kuzothathwa khona i-scion;
- ukuze ukusika kumile kahle, udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela amagatsha amancane, anempilo, kanye namagatsha athelayo esihlahla sama-apula;
- I-scion yenziwe ngamahlumela wonyaka. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amahlumela onyaka owodwa, amahlumela weminyaka emibili asetshenziswa;
- amagatsha kufanele akhule kusukela engxenyeni ekhanyisiwe yamagxolo;
- ukusika kuqala kuphela ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula noma ngaphambi kwekhefu le-bud;
- ama-cuttings awavunwa emagatsheni akhula aqondile (kusuka phezulu noma wen);
- ekupheleni kwehlobo, cindezela iziqongo zama-buds egatsheni elikhethiwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze amahlumela, emva kokugoma, avuthwe kahle. Kodwa ungasebenzisa amagatsha avamile futhi;
- ngokuxhunyelelwa, amahlumela avuthiwe afaneleka kakhulu, ububanzi bawo obungekho ngaphansi kuka-5-6 mm, kufanele abe nehlumela lokukhula kwe-apical kanye namaqabunga asemaceleni;
- ungenzi i-scion ibe mfushane kakhulu (cishe ngo-10 cm);
- amagatsha agwegwile, mncane futhi alimele awafaneleki njenge-scion;
- udinga ukusika amahlumela ngaphansi kwentamo yokukhula ngocezu lwezinkuni ezineminyaka emibili kuze kufike ku-2 cm. Uma kungenjalo, i-scion ingase yonakale ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-scion isinqunyiwe, kufanele iqoqwe ngamaqoqo ngokusho kwezinhlobonhlobo (uma izihlahla eziningana zixhunyelelwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa). Ngaphambi kwalokho, ukuze ama-cuttings agcinwe isikhathi eside futhi anikeze isivuno esihle ngemva kokuxhunyelelwa, kufanele asulwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi ahlungwe ngosayizi. Khona-ke izinyanda kufanele ziboshwe ngocingo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ulengise ithegi lapho ubonisa khona ukuhlukahluka, isikhathi esinqunyiwe nendawo lapho lezi zicucu zizoxhunyelelwa khona entwasahlobo (izinhlobonhlobo zesihlahla).
Ividiyo "Ukulungiselela ukusikwa kokuxhunyelelwa isihlahla sama-apula"
Zonke izigaba zokuvuna ukusikwa zingabuye zibukwe kuvidiyo.
Ungagcina kanjani
Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela enqunywe futhi eboshwe, kufanele agcinwe ukuze agcinwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zifakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki esihlanzekile futhi zibekwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwendlu yakho noma inqolobane.
Kunezindlela ezilandelayo zokugcina i-scion:
- izinyanda zingagcinwa ngaphandle. Kulesi simo, indawo encane yomhlaba kufanele isuswe eqhweni, ama-grafts kufanele abekwe lapho futhi ambozwe ngeqhwa phezulu futhi ahlanganiswe;
- ama-cuttings angagcinwa esiqandisini. Kulokhu, kufanele ziboshwe kuqala nge-burlap emanzi, bese zifakwa ephepheni. Ngemuva kokuthi izinyanda zibekwe ku-polyethylene. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukuhlola ama-cuttings ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ome noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta;
- izingxenye zingagcinwa esihlabathini esimanzi, i-peat, sawdust nanoma iyiphi enye i-substrate efanelekile (indlela endala nefakazelwe kakhulu); izinga lokushisa lokugcina kufanele libe ngaphezu kweziro, kodwa libe phansi. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuthambisa i-substrate. Kulokhu, ama-cuttings agcinwa ehlanzekile futhi evuvukale;
- I-scion ingagcinwa egumbini elingaphansi emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-zero kuye ku-+3 degrees Celsius. Izinqwaba zibekwe zibheke phezulu ngokusikeka phansi, futhi ukusuka ezinhlangothini ziphahlwe ngesihlabathi noma sawdust. Umswakama we-substrate kufanele ugcinwe ubusika bonke.
- futhi ama-rootstocks angagcinwa ku-limbo ku-veranda, kuvulandi, esihlahleni. Kodwa kulokhu, kufanele bafakwe kahle ngesikhwama esihlanzekile nesiyinyumba. Ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka zihlolwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhluma kwezigaba.
Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ama-cuttings adinga ukugcinwa kuze kube yi-spring grafting, angcwatshwa emhlabathini engadini. Ukujula komgodi yi-bayonet yefosholo eyodwa. Ukusuka phezulu bamboza ngama-fir paws kusuka kuma-moles, bese bephonsa izinsalela zezitshalo bese beshiya uphawu (ngokwesibonelo, isikhonkwane).
Ngokulandela lezi zidingo neziqondiso ezingenhla, ungafinyelela ukugoma okuphumelelayo, futhi i-graft izothela izithelo eziningi.