Okuqukethwe
Enye yamakhowe afinyeleleka kakhulu lapho ukuzalanisa kukhula amakhowe ezweni - ngenxa yalokhu udinga nje ukubheka ehlathini ukuze uthole isiqu esifanelekile noma ucezu lwesihlahla somuthi esiwile nge-mycelium ecebile bese usihambisa kusayithi lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukhulisa amakhowe ekwindla nasebusika noma ehlobo ezweni. Indlela ebuhlungu kakhulu ukutshala amakhowe ekhaya ekamelweni elihlomele lokhu ngokukhethekile.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhowe ezweni nasengadini eziphunzini (ngevidiyo)
ehlobo uju agaric (I-Kuehneromyces mutabilis) yaziwa kakhulu izakhamuzi zeZwe Lethu. Imuphi umkhiqizi wamakhowe ongabonanga inala yemizimba emincane ethela izithelo enemilenze emincane eziphunzini? Amakepisi ayadliwa futhi amnandi. Ambalwa amakhowe akwazi ukunikeza isivuno esikhulu kangaka ezingodweni njengamakhowe ehlobo.
Amakhowe asehlobo aqala ukuthela izithelo ezingodweni ze-birch ngonyaka ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. I-Mycelium ikhula kahle ezingodweni. Izithelo ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu. Ngesikhathi kulinywa, iguqula ukhuni lwelogi lube yi-mycowood, enezindawo zokushisa ezishisayo.
Indlela yokukhulisa ama-mushroom amakhowe endaweni engemuva? Indlela elula yokutshala amakhowe engadini ukuletha izinkuni ezifile, izingcezu zezigodo noma iziphunzi ezivela ehlathini elikhula kulo leli khowa. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokunisela njalo ngezikhathi ezomile, i-honey agaric yasehlobo inikeza amagagasi amaningana e-fruiting okhunini olulethiwe.
Ezingodweni ezitshalwe ngo-2005 kanti ingxenye imbiwe, amakhowe amila eduze nomhlabathi. Ikhowe lasehlobo lithanda iziphunzi ezindala, ezigugile namagatsha.
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Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu lapho ukhula amakhowe eziqwini, kuyadingeka ukwenza umgodi omboziwe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi - ukuze iziphetho ezingaphezulu zezingodo zimbiwe lapho ingxenye yesithathu yezingcezu zamakhowe ehlobo zingafinyeleli ophahleni ngo-20. - 30 cm. Isivalo senziwe kahle kakhulu ngamabhodi angenawo ama-slots futhi asibeke ezitini.
Ikhowe liphinde lizinze ezingcezuni ezindala zezingodo lapho kwakumila khona ikhowe le-shiitake. Esimweni sethu sezulu esomile, amakhowe asendle afana ne-honey agaric kanye ne-deer scourge asusa i-shiitake endaweni engaphansi enokhuni. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuchaza ukungabi khona kwayo emahlathini ethu.
Plyutei inyamazane (I-Pluteus cervinus) futhi umugqa wekwindla (I-Gyromitra equlenta) iphinde ikhule ezikhunini ezigugile naseziphunzini.
Engadini kuma-chumps, ungakwazi futhi ukuzalanisa ama-agarics oju lwasebusika. I-Winter honey agaric (i-Flammulina velutipes) iyikhowe elidliwayo, elimnandi neliphilisayo. Ingadliwa ngisho luhlaza. Ikhula kalula ezingcezuni zokhuni lweminyezane, eziqwini zomnyezane. Kungenzeka futhi ukutshala amakhowe ezingodweni ze-birch. Imizimba yezithelo akhiwe hhayi kuphela emagxolweni ezingodo, kodwa futhi ku-butt. Ithela izithelo ngasekupheleni kwekwindla ngisho nasebusika lapho amazinga okushisa avumayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Kunamacala aziwayo we-fruiting ngo-Eva Kancibijane ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ungabona ukuthi amangqamuzana e-mycelial aqandisiwe, aqhumayo esikhunta soju lwasebusika aqala kanjani ukukhula ndawonye lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kweziro.
Ukutshala amakhowe asekwindla kusuka ku-mycelium eziqwini
i-autumn honey agaric (I-Armillaria mellea) Kunzima ukukhula esiphunzini esihlukile, kodwa ingazinza yodwa engadini eziphunzini ze-birch ngisho nasezihlahleni zama-apula ezibuthakathaka. Ukutshala amakhowe ezigxotsheni kungenzeka futhi endaweni engadini enezinga eliphezulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lapho iziza zengadi zithuthukisa, izihlahla nezihlahla zigawulwa esikhundleni sezihlahlana zangaphambili namahlathi aphansi, futhi izimpande zezihlahla ezigawuliwe zihlala zingaphansi komhlaba. I-autumn honey agaric ibamba lezi zinsalela nge-mycelium yayo futhi ikhule kuzo, iphuma emhlabathini.
Indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe kusuka ku-mycelium ezweni? Ukuzalela emasimini amakhowe asekwindla kuvinjwa ukungafuni ukugxila esiphunzini esihlukile. Lapho ukhula amakhowe kusuka ku-mycelium eziphunzini, i-mycelium izoqala ukuthuthukisa izinkuni zesiphunzi, kodwa konke lokhu kuzophela. Ngeke ithele izithelo ize ibambe indawo enkulu. I-autumn mushroom ikhetha ukwakha ipulazi ezihlahleni eziningi kanye nezihlahla ngesikhathi esisodwa, iwathumba ngosizo lwama-rhizomorphs amade futhi aminyene we-mycelium yawo. Izintambo zayo ze-mycelium (rhizomorphs) zikhanya ebumnyameni. Kodwa ukuze ubone lesi senzakalo, udinga ukujwayela amehlo akho ebumnyameni isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora.
Kukhona nokuqagela ukuthi ingaphila ezihlahleni zasengadini njenge-parasite. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto engathandeki engadini. Kodwa lapha okuncane kuncike kithi. Ukutshala amakhowe ezweni nasengadini akulula kangako, kodwa uma amakhowe ezihlalele wodwa, awakwazi ukubhujiswa. Ngakho-ke, akukho lutho olusele ngaphandle kokuwaqoqa, usawoti noma gazinga. Amakhowe asekwindla aluhlaza angabangela isisu. Ngisho nosawoti obandayo, kanye namakhowe obisi noma amanye ama-milkworts angadingi ukubiliswa, amakhowe asekwindla kufanele abiliswe kuqala imizuzu engu-15 ukuze angabi nobuthi. Amakhowe asekwindla abilisiwe futhi omisiwe awawona nhlobo ubuthi.
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Ungazama ukwakha ipulazi lezingodo ezigujwe emhlabathini ukuze zikhule amakhowe asekwindla. Esigabeni sengadi esifundeni saseSolnechnogorsk esifundeni saseMoscow, ihlathi lisondela eduze nesakhiwo sengadi. Eduze nesiza kukhona iziphunzi lapho amakhowe asekwindla akhula khona minyaka yonke. Ungakwazi ukumba emhlabathini imitha eyodwa nengxenye izingcezu izingodo kusukela ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi ecekelwe bhungane amagxolo. Hlela ukuchelela nge-drip yalezi zigodo bese ulinda amakhowe asekwindla ukuthi abambe izingodo zethu.
Ukuze kumanziswe kahle izingodo eduze kwe-eksisi, kwabholwa imbobo engu-2 cm ububanzi no-60 cm ukujula phakathi nendawo, futhi imigodi eyi-cylindrical yakhethwa engxenyeni engenhla kusetshenziswa isisiki sokhuni, idlala indima yamafuneli okugcwalisa amanzi. . Amanzi angathululwa eketelani noma asebenzise uhlelo lokunisela ngamaconsi. Amanzi atholakala emgqonyeni ngamashubhu e-silicone kanye nokuconsa asuka kusipetu esilahlwayo.
I-Ephedra imanziswa isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-resin. Ekuqaleni kokumanzisa, izinkuni ezingaboli zimanziswa kancane - cishe isonto. Amanzi angena esigxotsheni esimanzi noma esibolile ngokushesha.
Ividiyo ethi “Ukukhulisa amakhowe” ikhombisa ukuthi afuywa kanjani lawa makhowe ezweni:
Ungakhula kanjani amakhowe kusuka ku-mycelium ekhaya
Isisekelo se-substrate yokutshala amakhowe futhi ekhaya yi-husk evela kumbewu ye-sunflower noma sawdust yokhuni oluqinile noma amabhodi ophayini owomile.
Imizimba ethela izithelo yamakhowe asebusika inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokusunduza izigqoko zabo endaweni yomoya opholile ngosizo lwemilenze emide. Le ndawo yenza kube lula ukuqoqwa kwemizimba ye-fruiting ngokukhula amakhowe asebusika esikhwameni esiphezulu, lapho ingxenye yayo ephansi kuphela igcwele i-substrate.
Ungatshala kanjani amakhowe ekhaya ukuze uthole isivuno esihle? Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isikhwama somkhono we-polypropylene ububanzi obungu-25,5 cm nobude obungama-28 cm. Faka ama-2 amalitha e-substrate kuwo. Uzothola iphakheji enobubanzi obungu-16 cm, ubude obungu-28 cm kanye nevolumu yamalitha angu-5, lapho amalitha angu-3 ayindawo yamahhala ngaphezu kwe-substrate.
Ukuze wenze i-substrate block eyodwa enevolumu yamalitha ama-2, thatha ama-230 g ama-sunflower husks owomile noma ama-200 g we-sawdust eyomile. Engeza 70 g okusanhlamvu (oats noma ibhali). Faka isipuni sikashoki noma ufulawa we-lime - i-CaCO3 engxubeni. Engeza amanzi ahlanzekile ku-substrate ngenani kangangokuthi isisindo siba 900 g. Hlanganisa i-substrate bese uyibeka ngaphansi kwesikhwama.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-substrate esezikhwameni kufanele ifakwe inzalo ku-autoclave amahora angu-1,5 noma ifakwe i-pasteurization nge-fractional pasteurization. Amapulagi kakotini kufanele asongwe nge-aluminium foil futhi afakwe inzalo ukuze angabi manzi.
Ngemuva kokupholisa izikhwama nge-substrate ngezandla zakho, gcoba i-mycelium yokusanhlamvu ye-honey agaric yasebusika. Izandla, itafula kanye negumbi ngokwalo kumele kuhlanzeke! Vula intamo yesikhwama bese ufafaza i-mycelium ebusweni be-substrate (isipuni ngaphandle kwesilayidi). Hlanganisa i-mycelium ne-substrate esikhwameni nge-spoon noma izandla. Faka isivalo esingu-3 cm esenziwe ngoboya bekotini obufakwe inzalo engxenyeni engenhla yentamo yesikhwama. Qinisa intamo yesikhwama eduze kwesitobha nge-twine.
Ukuze ufukamele lapho ukhula i-mushroom mycelium ku-substrate, beka izikhwama emashalofini ekushiseni kuka +12. ..+20 °С. Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwe-mycelium, umswakama womoya awunandaba. Ngefilimu yephakeji, ungabona ukuthi i-mycelium ikhula kanjani kusuka okusanhlamvu nge-mycelium. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, i-substrate block ingabhekwa isilungele ukuthela. Izoqina futhi ibelula. Ama-tubercles amancane azovela ebusweni bawo - ama-rudiments emizimba yezithelo. Kudingekile ukudlulisa amabhlogo endaweni ye-fruiting yabo yesikhathi esizayo ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokukhipha ipulaki yekotini, uzama ukungonakali indawo ye-block.
Ukuze kuvele amakhowe, vele ususe ukhokho esikhwameni bese ushiya isikhwama sivuliwe. Ingxenye engaphezulu engenalutho yesikhwama izodlala indima "yekhola", lapho ama-caps emizimba ye-fruiting ye-honey agaric yasebusika izokwelula phezulu ukusuka endaweni ye-carbon dioxide concentration emoyeni. Bakha amakhowe ngemva kokuba amakepisi abo ephumile esikhwameni, futhi imilenze iba njenge-pasta egcwalise phezulu, ingxenye engenalutho yesikhwama. Amakhowe asikwa kanye nemilenze, eboshwe ngentambo njengesixha sezimbali. Kokubili amakepisi nemilenze kuyadliwa.