Indlela yokutshala amakhowe ekhaya
Isikhathi samakhowe siyashuba, futhi abantu baphuthuma emahlathini beyogcwalisa obhasikidi namabhakede ngebhotela, amakhowe namakhowe obisi. Nokho, kuyilapho abanye befuna amakhowe, bazulazula ehlathini, kuyilapho abanye bevuna ngokuthula ama-hacienda awo. Ingabe nawe ufuna okufanayo? Indlela yokutshala amakhowe ekhaya

Ungawathenga kuphi amakhowe okulima ekhaya

Abaningi bayacabanga: ukuze ukhule ikhowe, kufanele uqale ulithole ehlathini, ulimbe, ulinqume, bese ulihlwanyela engadini. Manje konke kulula kakhulu. Kunoma yisiphi isitolo sengadi - imibukiso ephelele yamaphakethe amakhowe ane-mycelium.

Kwanele nje ukuthenga iphakethe, ngemuva lapho kukhona imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sendlela yokuzalanisa kahle nokunakekela lolu hlobo oluthile lwamakhowe.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Amanye amakhowe, njengamakhowe e-oyster nama-champignon, angatshalwa ekhaya - emiphongolweni noma e-pantry. Kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuzalanisa engadini.

Ukukhulisa amakhowe akunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni. Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi ozifunayo - amakhowe obisi, amakhowe, ama-boletus, amakhowe noma ama-champignon. Uma isayithi lakho linesiqephu sehlathi - lokho kungaba kuhle. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi ihlathi elinamaqabunga noma ama-coniferous. Kuya ngokuthi iyiphi i-mycelium engathatha izimpande lapho futhi yakhe umzimba wezithelo. Kodwa ngisho noma lingekho ihlathi eduze, akunandaba, indawo ngayinye inengadi.

Ungasebenzisa iziqu zokutshala amakhowe. Isibonelo, bekunesiqu esishiywe esihlahleni esithile, ungasiphuli - lapha ungazalanisa wonke umndeni wamakhowe. Thenga i-mycelium - uhambe! Kukhona namakhowe asebusika lapho isiphunzi kufanele "sitheleleke" ekwindla. Ungakhathazeki, ngeke bafe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga lifudumeza isithunzi, zizoqala ukukhula. Ungakwazi futhi ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo - awukwazi ukungahambi kahle nawe.

ukutshala amakhowe

Ukutshala amakhowe kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-mycelium.

Eziphunzini. Amakhowe ezihlahla afana namakhowe e-oyster, amakhowe asekwindla, ama-shiitake, i-nameko kanye namakhowe eqhwa e-tremella athengiswa ngendlela yezinti ezine-mycelium. Zitshalwa ezingodweni zezinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla (ezikhonjiswe emiyalweni) ezinobubanzi obuyi-10 - 20 cm nobude obungaba yi-1 m, lapho imigodi kufanele yenziwe ebangeni elingama-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi ijule kuno ubude benduku. Izinti zishayelwa endaweni yokumisa, futhi imbobo ngokwayo ivalwe ngamapulaki okhuni, i-wax noma ubumba - ukuze amabhaktheriya nezinhlamvu zesikhunta zingangeni ngaphakathi.

Izingodo zisuswa endaweni emnyama, emanzi, okufanele ingene umoya kahle, futhi iyekwe ukuze ikhule i-mycelium. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 - 4 uzobona "isikhunta" esimhlophe - lena yi-mycelium. Kodwa kuze kube yilapho kuvela, izingodo zidinga ukuphuziswa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto imizuzu engu-10-15.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-mycelium, izingodo zimbiwa engadini noma ku-greenhouse nge-engeli. Futhi ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-2, iziqalo zemizimba yezithelo zizovela kuzo.

Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokutshala amakhowe esihlahla. Isibonelo, i-oyster mushroom mycelium ithengiswa ku-substrate yokusanhlamvu (1), evame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala amakhowe ezikhwameni - agcwaliswa nganoma iyiphi impahla yezitshalo: amaqabunga, sawdust, utshani, amakhoba e-buckwheat ngisho namakhadibhodi. Futhi ikhowe le-shiitake lingatshalwa ku-pine sawdust (2).

Emhlabathini. Amakhowe aphansi, isibonelo, i-porcini, i-boletus, i-boletus, i-boletus, amakhowe obisi atshalwe emhlabathini. Futhi i-mycelium yabo ithengiswa ngendlela yezinhlamvu zokusanhlamvu ezinegciwane le-mycelium. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamakhowe ludinga esalo isihlahla uma lukhula ngendlela efanayo. Yiziphi izihlahla ezidingekayo - kukhonjiswe emiyalweni esephaketheni.

Ukuzalanisa amakhowe anjalo, kwenziwa izimbobo ezi-3 ezizungeze isihlahla ezinobubanzi obuyi-10 - 15 cm kanye nokujula okungama-20 cm. Zimbozwe ngesigamu ngomquba, izingcezu ze-mycelium zibekwe phezu kwayo, futhi zimbozwe ngomquba phezulu futhi zifakwe kancane. Imigodi imbozwe ngobulembu, amaqabunga omile namagatsha, emva kwalokho ukutshala kuchelelwa - ebhakedeni elingu-1 lamanzi emgodini ngamunye. Ukuze i-mycelium enjalo ikhule kahle, kuyasiza ukuyinisela ngezikhathi ezithile ngesisombululo sikashukela - amathisipuni ama-2 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

“Zilungiseleleni ukuthi, senizifezile zonke izimfuneko, anisoze nathola isivuno ngomnyaka wokuqala,” kuxwayisa. uchwepheshe wezingadi uTatyana Kudryashova. - Kuzokwenzeka ngonyaka ozayo noma eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Ikhowe elingenangqondo elinjalo! Kungcono ukuhlwanyela amakhowe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa selincibilikile futhi umhlaba usufudumala. Kuze kushise, kubi ukusinda. Entwasahlobo, kunomswakama omningi, linetha ngobuningi, futhi ilanga alishisi kangako. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi udinga ukuchelela i-mycelium hhayi kanye ngesonto, njengoba abaningi bejwayele, kodwa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Futhi ukukhula kwamakhowe kuncike ekushiseni. Ephansi, isikhathi eside ukwakheka kwe-mycelium.

Amakhowe amhlophe

Amakhowe amhlophe, noma amakhowe, kunzima kakhulu ukuzalanisa. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukumba umsele ujule futhi ube banzi ku-bayonet ye-spade.

“Bese umba umucu kwesokudla nakwesokunxele, uwuhlukanise ube yizikwele ezilinganayo bese ujikisa umhlabathi,” kusho iseluleko sakhe. Tatiana Kudryashova. - Umbhede we-humus we-boletus uyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke uphile. Izingcezu ze-mycelium zibekwe phezu kwayo bese zifafazwa nge-humus, zimbozwe nge-turf esusiwe futhi zichithwe ngokucophelela ngamanzi.

Lapho i-mycelium ithatha izimpande futhi imizimba ye-fruiting yamakhowe ivela, ukuchelela nokunakekelwa kungamiswa ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuzalanisa amakhowe e-porcini, i-boletus, i-boletus, i-boletus esizeni.

mushroom

Ukutshala ama-champignon, udinga umquba omuhle noma umquba wehhashi lotshani obolile (3).

Lawa makhowe ayathandeka kakhulu: awakhuli phansi noma elangeni elivulekile, adinga umthunzi, izimo ezithile zomswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke indawo yawo kufanele itholakale endaweni ethile ekhoneni lensimu enomthunzi.

Amahlumela ama-champignon abukeka njengesikhunta esimhlophe, esigoqa kancane kancane sibe amafindo amancane - lawa amakhowe azayo. Bese kuvela isiqu esincane nesigqoko esilingana nekhanda likaphini, bese kuba yikhowe.

Indlela yokwandisa isivuno samakhowe engadini

Isivuno samakhowe atshalwe ku-mycelium ethengiwe singaba siqinile impela. Isibonelo, amafutha ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa angaqoqwa izingcezu ezingu-6 - 17, i-boletus ne-boletus - izingcezu ezingu-5 - 15, amakhowe e-porcini - 2 - 5 kg, ama-shiitake - kufika ku-4 kg ngogodo, amakhowe oyster - 20 - 50% we isisindo sogodo.

Kodwa uma ufuna ukwandisa isivuno amakhowe, ulethe izwe ehlathini. Udinga nje ukuthola indawo nge-mycelium enesithakazelo kithi, isibonelo, emhlophe noma enamafutha, susa ngokucophelela inhlabathi engu-15 cm ubukhulu bese uyiletha kusayithi lakho. Futhi esizeni, susa isoyi elilingana ncamashi bese ubeka inhlabathi yehlathi kule ndawo. Futhi kakade kuso hlwanyela i-mycelium ethengiwe.

Ngendlela, awukwazi ukuthenga i-mycelium. Letha ikhowe elidala noma eliyisibungu elivela ehlathini, unqume isigqoko salo, usihlanganise nothuli lwezinkuni bese usihlakaza ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, amakhowe azovela kule ndawo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Saxoxa ngokukhula amakhowe nge isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova – wabelane ngemininingwane mayelana nokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhowe.

Ngaphansi kwaziphi izihlahla lapho amakhowe e-porcini angatshalwa khona?

Ezikhungweni zengadi, ungathenga i-mycelium yezinhlobo ezi-2 zamakhowe we-porcini. I-white mushroom oak izokhula ngaphansi kwe-oki, i-linden ne-beech noma i-hornbeam ezindaweni eziseningizimu. I-white fungus pine - ngaphansi kwephayini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla kufanele zibe zincane - zingabi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.

Izihlahla ze-oki zingatshalwa ngaphansi kwaziphi izihlahla?

Ama-oki nama-birch afanele i-dubovik, nama-beeches eningizimu. Iminyaka efanelekile yezihlahla zokuzalanisa lesi sikhunta iminyaka engu-6.

Yiziphi izihlahla ezingatshalwa ama-chanterelles?

Ama-Chanterelles akhula kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezihlahla zikaphayini - lapho anikeza isivuno esikhulu kakhulu.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izihlahla lapho ama-truffles angatshalwa khona?

I-Truffle imhlophe, okungukuthi i-mycelium yayo ivame ukuthengiswa ezikhungweni zengadi, ikhula kahle ngaphansi kwama-oki amancane nehazel. Futhi ezifundeni eziseningizimu - ngaphansi kwama-beeches.

Iziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla lapho amakhowe e-oyster angatshalwa khona?

Kuthengiswa kukhona i-mycelium yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhowe oyster, futhi wonke umuntu unezintandokazi zakhe: 

- ejwayelekile, yamaNdiya, epinki - i-birch, i-poplar, i-willow, i-alder, i-aspen, i-oki, i-maple, i-chestnut, i-beech, i-hornbeam;

- ilamula neColombia - i-birch, willow, poplar, maple, umlotha wezintaba, izihlahla zezithelo, i-beech.

Amakhowe angatshalwa kuziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla?

Amakhowe asekwindla nasehlobo angatshalwa ngempumelelo ezingodweni ze-oki, i-birch, i-alder, i-poplar, umlotha, i-maple, i-beech, i-hornbeam ne-chestnut.

Imithombo ye

  1. U-Alekseenko EN, uPolishko TM, uVinnikov AI Izici zokukhulisa i-mycelium yesikhunta Plearotus ostreatus // Izindlela Zokulawula ku-Biosystems, 2010

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-vyraschivaniya-mitseliya-gribov-plearotus-ostreatus

  2. I-Komin PA Ukutshalwa kokwenziwa kwekhowe le-shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) ku-coniferous sawdust // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 2016

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/iskusstvennoe-vyraschivanie-griba-shiitake-lentinula-edodes-berk-pegler-na-hvoynyh-opilkah

  3. Shuin KA, Zakraevskaya NK, Ippolitova N.Ya. Ingadi kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla // Minsk, Uradzhay, 1990 - 256 p.

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