Ekujuleni kwama-savanna aseKenya, kwatholakala omunye wemithombo emikhulu yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Umthamo wama-aquifers ulinganiselwa ku-200.000 km3, owubukhulu ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunechibi elikhulu kunawo wonke lamanzi ahlanzekile eMhlabeni - iLake Baikal. Kuyamangaza ukuthi “ingcebo” enjalo ingaphansi kwezinyawo zakho kwelinye lamazwe ome kakhulu emhlabeni. Isibalo sabantu baseKenya siyizigidi ezingama-44 - cishe bonke abanawo amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Kulaba, abayizigidi ezingu-17 abanawo umthombo wamanzi okuphuza unomphela, kanti abanye baba nezinkinga ezingahlanzekile ngenxa yamanzi angcolile. E-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-340 abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile. Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu base-Afrika abayingxenye yebhiliyoni, azikho izindawo zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile. I-aquifer etholakele ye-Lotikipi ayigcini nje ngokuqukatha umthamo wamanzi akwazi ukuphakela izwe lonke - igcwaliswa njalo ngonyaka nge-1,2 km3 eyengeziwe. Insindiso yangempela yombuso! Futhi kwakungenzeka ukuyithola ngosizo lwamasathelayithi asemkhathini.
Ngo-2013, i-Radar Technologies International yaqalisa iphrojekthi yayo yokusebenzisa uhlelo lwemephu lwe-WATEX ukucinga amanzi. Ngaphambili, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bebusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amaminerali. Ukuhlolwa kube yimpumelelo kangangokuthi i-UNESCO ihlela ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo futhi iqale ukufuna amanzi okuphuza ezindaweni eziyinkinga emhlabeni.
Isistimu ye-WATEX. ulwazi oluvamile
Ubuchwepheshe iyithuluzi le-hydrological elakhelwe ukuthola amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni ezomile. Ngokwemigomo yayo, i-geoscanner ekwazi ukunikeza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwendawo yezwe emasontweni ambalwa. I-WATEX ayikwazi ukubona amanzi, kodwa ibona ubukhona bawo. Enqubweni yokusebenza, uhlelo lwakha isisekelo solwazi esinezendlalelo eziningi, esihlanganisa idatha ye-geomorphology, geology, hydrology yesifunda socwaningo, kanye nolwazi ngesimo sezulu, isimo sezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Yonke le mingcele ihlanganiswa ibe iphrojekthi eyodwa, ehlotshaniswa nemephu yendawo. Ngemva kokudala i-database enamandla yedatha yokuqala, ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-radar, efakwe ku-satellite, iqala. Ingxenye yesikhala ye-WATEX yenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwesifunda esithile. Umsebenzi usekelwe ekukhishweni kwamagagasi obude obuhlukene kanye nokuqoqwa kwemiphumela. I-beam ekhishiwe, lapho ithintana nendawo, ingangena ekujuleni okunqunywe kusengaphambili. Uma ibuyela kumamukeli wesathelayithi, ithwala ulwazi mayelana nendawo yephuzu, ubunjalo bomhlaba kanye nokuba khona kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene. Uma kukhona amanzi emhlabathini, khona-ke izinkomba ze-beam ebonisiwe zizoba nokuphambuka okuthile - lokhu kuyisignali yokugqamisa indawo yokusabalalisa amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, isathelayithi inikeza idatha yakamuva ehlanganiswe nemephu ekhona.
Ochwepheshe benkampani, ngokuhlaziya idatha etholiwe, bahlanganise umbiko onemininingwane. Amamephu anquma izindawo lapho amanzi ekhona, ukulinganisa umthamo kanye nokujula kokwenzeka. Uma usuka kumagama esayensi, isithwebuli sikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphansi komhlaba, njengoba isithwebuli esisesikhumulweni sezindiza "sibheka" ezikhwameni zabagibeli. Namuhla, izinzuzo ze-WATEX ziqinisekiswa izivivinyo eziningi. Ubuchwepheshe busetshenziselwa ukucinga amanzi e-Ethiopia, e-Chad, eDarfur nase-Afghanistan. Ukunemba kokuthola ubukhona bamanzi nokudweba imithombo engaphansi komhlaba kumephu kungu-94%. Akukaze kube nomphumela onjalo emlandweni wesintu. Isathelayithi ingakhombisa indawo ye-aquifer ngokunemba kwamamitha ayi-6,25 endaweni ehleliwe.
I-WATEX yaziwa yi-UNESCO, i-USGS, i-US Congress kanye ne-European Union njengendlela eyingqayizivele yokwenza imephu nokuchaza imithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni ezinkulu. Isistimu ikwazi ukubona ukuba khona kwe-aquifer enkulu phansi ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha angu-4. Ukuhlanganiswa nedatha evela emikhakheni eminingi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole amamephu ayinkimbinkimbi anemininingwane ephezulu nokwethembeka. - sebenza ngolwazi oluningi; - ukumbozwa kwendawo enkulu ngesikhathi esifushane; - izindleko eziphansi, kucatshangelwa imiphumela etholiwe; - amathuba angenamkhawulo wokumodela nokuhlela; - ukudweba izincomo zokumba; - ukusebenza kahle kokubhola.
Iphrojekthi eKenya
I-aquifer yaseLotikipi, ngaphandle kwehaba, iyinsindiso yezwe. Ukutholakala kwayo kunquma intuthuko esimeme yesifunda kanye nombuso wonkana. Ukujula kwamanzi ngamamitha angu-300, okuthi, uma kubhekwa izinga lamanje lokuthuthukiswa kokumba, akunzima ukukhipha. Ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwengcebo yemvelo, umkhathizwe kungenzeka ungapheli - izinqolobane zawo zigcwaliswa ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa eziqongweni zezintaba, kanye nokugxila komswakama ovela emathunjini omhlaba. Umsebenzi owenziwa ngo-2013 wenziwa egameni likaHulumeni waseKenya, abameleli be-UN kanye ne-UNESCO. IJapane yanikeza usizo ekuxhaseni lo msebenzi ngezimali.
UMongameli weRadar Technologies International u-Alain Gachet (empeleni, yile ndoda eyatholela iKenya amanzi - siyini isizathu sokuqokelwa uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel?) Izwekazi lase-Afrika. Inkinga yokuwathola isala - okuyikhona okusebenzelwa yi-WATEX. UJudy Wohangu, uchwepheshe woMnyango Wezokucwaninga Nezemvelo WaseKenya, waphawula ngalo msebenzi: “Le ngcebo esanda kutholwa ivula umnyango wekusasa eliqhakazile kubantu baseTerkan nezwe lonke. Kufanele manje sisebenzele ukuhlola lezi zinsiza ngokuzibophezela futhi sizivikele izizukulwane ezizayo.” Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besathelayithi kuqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nesivinini semisebenzi yokusesha. Minyaka yonke izindlela ezinjalo zingeniswa empilweni kakhudlwana futhi ngenkuthalo. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze bazodlala indima ebalulekile emzabalazweni wokusinda…