imbali ye-hippeastrum

I-Hippeastrum isitshalo esine-bulbous esivela emndenini wakwa-Amaryllis. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-90 kulolu hlobo, zonke zihlala endle ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, kuhlanganise nehlathi lase-Amazon. 

Abamele lolu hlobo beza eYurophu ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Eziningi zazo zazisetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa, ziwela omunye nomunye, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lawo ma-hippeastrum esikhula ekhaya ahlonzwa izazi zezitshalo njengezinhlobo ezihlukene - i-hybrid hippeastrum. 

I-hybrid yokuqala yavela ngo-1799. Maphakathi nekhulu le-100, base bengaba ngu-1500 kubo. Futhi okwamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane eziyi-1 zale mbali emangalisayo zibhalisiwe emhlabeni (2) futhi eziningi zazo zikhuliswa Ezweni Lethu (XNUMX).

Izimo zokukhulisa imbali ye-hippeastrum

I-Hippeastrum isitshalo esingapheli. Futhi ngokungafani nenqwaba yezinye izimbali zasendlini, inesikhathi sokulala. Umjikelezo wempilo yakhe ubukeka kanje:

• izimbali ze-hippeastrum (kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvela komcibisholo kuya ekubuneni kwezimbali) - cishe izinyanga eziyi-1,5;
• i-hippeastrum ikhula (ngalesi sikhathi inamaqabunga kuphela) - cishe izinyanga ezingu-7,5 - 8,5;
• isikhathi sokuphumula - 2 - 3 izinyanga. 

Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokulala se-hippeastrum siqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari, futhi iqhakaza phakathi nobusika. Kodwa uma uthanda, lezi zinsuku zingashintshwa ngokulungisa ukuchelela kanye nezinga lokushisa.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hippeastrum flower ekhaya

Ngokuvamile, ukunakekela i-hippeastrum akunzima, kodwa uma kubhekwa i-dormancy yesitshalo, inezici zayo.

Ground

I-Hippeastrum ikhetha inhlabathi evulekile futhi evundile. Ukwakheka okufanelekile kwayo kuyinhlanganisela yesihlabathi somfula ne-humus, amahlamvu kanye nenhlabathi ene-soddy ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 2: 2. 

“Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eseyenziwe ngomumo ezitshalweni eziqhakaza esitolo,” kusho isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova, - kodwa izinga labo ngezinye izikhathi lishiya okuningi okufanele lifiswe, zenziwa ngesisekelo se-peat futhi zome ngokushesha kakhulu. Kungcono ukungavilaphi futhi wenze inhlabathi efanele ingxube ngokwakho.

Lighting

I-Hippeastrum ithanda ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa kufanele isakazwe, okungukuthi, ibhodwe alikwazi ukufakwa ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo. Ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukuyifihla ngemuva kwesitshalo esithile esikhulu esizosibekela umthunzi kancane. 

Indawo engcono kakhulu efulethini le-hippeastrum amafasitela abheke eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Ukunisela

Kungcono ukunisela i-hippeastrum hhayi phezulu ebhodweni, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, kodwa ngepani - ukuze amanzi angeke awele ngqo ku-bulb, okuzonciphisa ingozi yokubola. 

Futhi imvamisa yokuchelela incike esigabeni izimila. 

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. I-Hippeastrum idinga amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza - idinga ukuniselwa kakhulu, kodwa ukuze inhlabathi ephakathi kokunisela ibe nesikhathi sokumisa ekujuleni okugcwele kwebhodwe. Uma umswakama ukhula phansi, izimpande zizoqala ukubola, bese kuba isibani.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-hippeastrum inamaqabunga kuphela, isikhathi ngokuvamile siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-August-September. Kufanele iniselwe ngokulinganisela ngesikhathi sokukhula - umhlaba phakathi kokunisela akufanele nje wome ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi uhlale womile izinsuku ezimbalwa. 

Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe kube okungenani - kanye njalo emavikini ama-2 kuya kwangu-3 kuzokwanela, ngoba isitshalo siqala ukulungiselela isikhathi sokulala. 

Uma uqhubeka nokunisela, i-hippeastrum ngeke iphumule - izohlala unyaka wonke inamaqabunga aluhlaza. Kodwa ngeke liqhakaze. 

Ngesikhathi sokulala. Njengomthetho, ngoSepthemba, amaqabunga e-hippeastrum aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, bese oma. I-bulb iyaphumula futhi ngenkathi iphumule, akudingekile ukuyinisela. 

Akudingekile ukususa i-bulb ebhodweni ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sithathe umhlalaphansi, kodwa kuhle ukususa ibhodwe endaweni epholile lapho izinga lokushisa lingeke lidlule i-15 ° C. Ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukuyibeka ngaphansi kombhede. – umoya ongezansi uvame ukubanda. 

Kodwa noma kunjalo kungcono ukugcina isibani esimweni esipholile - ekushiseni kuka-5 - 10 ° C. Okusho ukuthi, esiqandisini. Kodwa kulokhu, kuzomele uyimbe ukuze ungahuduleli ibhodwe lonke lapho.

umquba

Lapho utshala noma ufaka i-hippeastrum, awudingi ukufaka noma yikuphi umanyolo emhlabathini - uma ulungiswe kahle, uzoba nemisoco eyanele okokuqala. 

Ngokuvamile kukhona kakade umanyolo emhlabathini wesitolo, ngakho-ke akukho okunye okudingeka kwengezwe nalapha.

Ukudla

Izitshalo eziningi zondliwa ngendlela efanayo - okokuqala i-nitrogen (ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo), bese kuba yi-phosphorus ne-potassium (ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza). Kodwa ku-hippeastrum, okuphambene kuyiqiniso - iqala ukuqhakaza, bese kuphela ikhula amaqabunga. Ngakho-ke, ukuhleleka kokuphakela nakho kuyashintsha - okokuqala bamnika i-phosphorus nge-potassium, futhi lapho amaqabunga evela - i-nitrogen. 

Ungasebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali wakudala wokugqoka i-hippeastrum - i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, i-potassium sulfate ne-urea. Zishibhile, kepha ukuzisebenzisa ukondla izimbali zasendlini kuyingozi kakhulu - kunzima ukubala umthamo ofanele, futhi njengoba umthamo webhodwe ulinganiselwe, umanyolo owedlulele ngeke uye ndawo futhi ungashisa izimpande, kuchaza. isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo - noma yikuphi okuzokwenza. Yebo, zibiza kakhulu, kodwa kulula ukuzisebenzisa - udinga nje ukunciphisa i-cap yesisombululo kumthamo wamanzi onconywayo. 

I-Gippeastrum inikezwa ukugqoka kokuqala lapho umcibisholo wembali ufinyelela ubude obuyi-15 cm. Bese kuthi njalo emavikini ama-2 kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukugqoka okuphezulu akudingekile - isitshalo kufanele silungiselele isikhathi sokulala.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwembali ye-hippeastrum ekhaya

I-Hippeastrum ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezi-3. 

Izingane. Ku-bulb ye-hippeastrum, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-bulbs amantombazane amancane akhiwa, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izingane. Okudingekayo nje ukuhlukanisa izitshalo lapho utshala futhi uzitshale ezimbizeni ezihlukene. 

Ngendlela, izingane kufanele zihlukaniswe ngempela, ngoba uma zikhona, isibani sikamama ngokuvamile asiqhakazi. Ukuze kuqhakaze, kufanele kube sebhodweni lodwa. 

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-bulb. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-bulb kwenziwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokulala - ngoNovemba-Disemba. Uhlelo yilo:

• ingxenye yomhlaba kufanele isuswe ebhodweni ukuze kube yi-1/3 kuphela ye-bulb ehlala enhlabathini (imvamisa ingcwatshwa ngu-2/3); 
• ngommese obukhali (ngokwenza inzalo kuyasiza ukuwusula ngotshwala noma ukuwuthungela emlilweni), usike u-anyanisi uqonde phezulu ngesigamu noma izingxenye ezi-4, kodwa futhi hhayi ngokuphelele - kuphela ezingeni lomhlabathi; 
• faka ama-skewers okhuni ngokuvundlile ekusikeni - kubalulekile ukuthi izingxenye ezihlukene ze-bulb zingathintani.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibani esihlukanisiwe sidinga ukunakekelwa, njenge-hippeastrum evamile yabantu abadala. Ingxenye ngayinye ine-rosette yayo yamaqabunga. Ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sizothatha umhlalaphansi. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba ivuke, okungukuthi, futhi ngoNovemba-Disemba (izovela ncamashi ngonyaka), isibani kufanele sinqunywe kuze kube sekupheleni futhi ingxenye ngayinye kufanele itshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile. Uzobe usunezitshalo ezintsha ezi-2 noma ezi-4, futhi ngemva kokuhlukana, izingane zizoqala ukwakheka ngenkuthalo engxenyeni ngayinye (3). 

Imbewu. Lena indlela enzima kakhulu, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungathola izinto zokutshala eziningi kakhulu kunalapho uhlukanisa ama-bulb futhi utshala izingane. 

Ukuze imbewu ibekwe, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo sikamama, udinga ukuqoqa impova kusuka ku-stamens nge-swab yekotini bese uyidlulisela ku-pistil. Ngaphandle kokufaka imbewu, imbewu ayakhiwa. Uma kunesitshalo esisodwa kuphela, futhi usifake impova ngempova yakho, khona-ke ukuhluma kwembewu kuzoba phansi - ngaphakathi kwama-37%. Kodwa uma unezitshalo ezimbili zezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo ekhaya, futhi uthathe impova kwenye futhi wadlulisela hhayi i-pistil yomunye, izinga lokuhluma liyoba ngaphezu kwama-70% (3). Uma uphonsa impova ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hippeastrums, inzalo ngeke igcine izimpawu zabazali bayo. Kodwa amafomu athakazelisa kakhulu angase avele, futhi ungase ukhulise izinhlobonhlobo zakho.

- Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-hippeastrum ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, - kuncoma isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova, - kulokhu, ukuhluma kwabo kuphezulu. Uma zilala phansi futhi zomile, ukuhluma kuncipha.

Hlwanyela imbewu ezitsheni ekujuleni kuka-1 cm futhi kude no-2 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, noma ngokushesha ezimbizeni ezihlukene ze-1 pc. Izithombo kufanele ziphuziswe njalo futhi ziningi. Angatshalwa ngaphandle kwesitsha lapho amaqabunga akhiwe kahle.

I-Hippeastrum flower transplant ekhaya

I-Hippeastrum iqhakaza kuphela emabhodweni aminyene, futhi njengoba isibani sikhula kancane kancane, lesi sitshalo akufanele sitshalwe kabusha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-4. 

Ibhodwe elisha kufanele libe nobubanzi obungangoba kukhona igebe elingu-2 cm phakathi kwe-bulb nezindonga. Kungcono ukukhetha izimbiza eziphansi. Umuntu kufanele nakanjani abeke ungqimba oluhle lwe-drainage - 2 - 3 cm, ukuze amanzi angami phansi ngesikhathi sokunisela, futhi inhlabathi ingabi muncu.

Kuyadingeka ukutshala kabusha i-hippeastrum nge-cd yomhlaba, uzama ukungona izimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala, i-bulb kufanele ikhuphuke ngo-1/3 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. 

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-hippeastrum ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokulala noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza.

Izifo zembali ye-hippeastrum

Ekhaya, ama-hippeastrum agula njalo, kodwa kuyenzeka. Njengomthetho, baphathwa izifo ezi-3. 

I-Powdery mildew. Kulula kakhulu ukukubona - isambatho esimhlophe sivela emaqabunga, sifana nesikhunta. 

Izidakamizwa ze-Antifungal - I-Quadris, i-Privent, i-Strobi noma i-Thiovit Jet izosiza ukubhekana nalesi sifo.

Ukubola okubomvu. Kuthinta ama-bulb - izindawo ezibolayo zivela kuzo, izimpande ziqala ukubola, amaqabunga abuna. 

Kulokhu, i-bulb kufanele imbiwe, isikwe ngommese obukhali obulala inzalo zonke izindawo ezibolile, zomiswe kahle, bese ziphathwa nge-Fundazol. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-bulb kufanele itshalwe ebhodweni elisha, ithele inhlabathi entsha kuyo, ngemuva kokuyibala ku-microwave noma kuhhavini.

Ukusha okubomvu. Izimpawu zalesi sifo sokukhunta amachashaza abomvu namabala emaqabunga nama-bulb. Njengoba lesi sifo sikhula, amaqabunga ayakhubazeka, i-peduncle iba buthakathaka futhi iwa. 

Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi - i-HOM noma i-Amila-Peak - azosiza ukubhekana ne-pathogen. Uma ukutheleleka kusakazeke kakhulu, amaqabunga e-hippeastrum kufanele anqunywe, i-bulb kufanele imbiwe, izindawo ezithintekile kufanele zinqunywe zibe izicubu ezinempilo, futhi izindawo ezisikiwe kufanele ziphathwe ngengxube yethusi sulphate noshoki. ( 1:20 ). Khona-ke i-bulb kufanele yomiswe emoyeni izinsuku ezingu-7 futhi itshalwe ebhodweni elisha elinenhlabathi ehlanzekile, epholile.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sibuze imibuzo ejwayelekile kakhulu mayelana nama-hippeastrum kumfuyi wezolimo namahlathi Svetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. I-Royal General Bulb Growers' Association (KAVB) https://www.kavb.nl/zoekresultaten
2. I-Reut AA Imiphumela yokukhethwa kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezihlala isikhathi eside eSouth Ural Botanical Garden-Institute // Ukuqoqwa kwamaphepha esayensi we-GNBS, ivolumu 147, 2018 

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/itogi-selektsii-dekorativnyh-mnogoletnih-kultur-v-yuzhno-uralskom-botanicheskom-sadu-institute/viewer

3. I-Federal Institute for Risk Assessment // Press Release, July 7.07.2007th, XNUMX

   I-Arkhipova IN izici zezinto eziphilayo zabameleli bomndeni wakwa-Amaryllidaceae Jaume St.-Hil. endaweni evikelekile // dissertation, 2013 

   https://www.dissercat.com/content/biologicheskie-osobennosti-predstavitelei-semeistva-amaryllidaceae-jaume-st-hil-v-usloviyakh