I-Fir yaseKorea

Ngokwemvelo, i-Korean fir ihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba eningizimu yeNhlonhlo YaseKorea. Njengomthetho, itholakala emahlathini axubile ane-Ayan spruce kanye ne-Erman birch (1).

Izinhlobo ze-fir zaseKorea

Kuyafaneleka ukuqonda ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-fir aseKorea afanele ama-cottages ehlobo. Kokubili ngokubukeka nangesimilo. Izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ziyehluka ikakhulukazi ngobukhulu, umbala wezinaliti nezigaxa, ukuma komqhele. Kodwa lokhu kungaphandle, nokho, i-Korean fir nayo inezici zangaphakathi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyamelana nesithwathwa nesomiso, kanti ezinye zithambile, zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Ezinye zidinga ukulolongwa, kanti ezinye zigcina isimo sazo esihle iminyaka.

Zonke lezi zitshalo nazo zinezakhiwo ezivamile: izinaliti ezithambile ezingezona umfaniswano ezinezingqimba eziyindilinga kunamacebiso abukhali futhi zinhle, azilenganga, kodwa izigaxa ezimile. Lapho ukhetha isitshalo, kufanele nakanjani unake izici zesayithi futhi, yiqiniso, izintandokazi zakho. Nazi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.

I-Silberlock

Сi-ilberlock (Si-ilberlocke). Lolu hlobo lunomumo we-cone ekahle enobubanzi bomqhele esisekelweni esingaba ngu-3 m, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-5 m ukuphakama. Ikhula ngo-8 cm ngonyaka. Amagxolo ampunga esihlahla esivuthiwe akha imifantu ebukekayo enombala onsundu ngokubomvu. I-villi ezacile ngokuphuzi yamahlumela amancane ishintsha umbala ube nsomi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubani ozoyithanda. Kulabo abangakabi nalo uhlobo lwekhadi lokuvakashela lesayithi, lelo gama eliyinhloko elibamba amehlo ngokushesha futhi likhunjulwe isikhathi eside. Lesi yisitshalo esiyintandokazi sabalimi, abadwebi bezindawo, ngoba abaningi babo bahlonipha umfuyi waseJalimane uGünther Horstmann, owaletha lezi zinhlobonhlobo maphakathi nawo-80s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Okumangazayo. Kubonakala sengathi i-Silverlock fir imbozwe isithwathwa ngisho nangezinsuku ezifudumele. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi izinaliti ezithambile zishintsha umbala - ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiqwini ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanyayo ngasekupheleni kwegatsha. Izinaliti zigobile ngendlela ezungezayo futhi kubonakala sengathi isihlahla sonke siyabenyezela. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi igama, noma kunjalo, ngokunwebeka okuthile lingahunyushwa lisuka esiNgisini njenge-curl yesiliva. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, entwasahlobo, omunye umhlobiso uvela ku-fir - ama-cones amakhulu ansomi (7 × 3 cm) ngesimo se-cone noma isilinda, enamathela njengamakhandlela kaNcibijane.

Ukutshala kuphi. Ayikho indawo engcono ye-Silberlok kunaseduze kwegquma le-alpine elihlanzekile noma phakathi nendawo yombhede wezimbali, utshani obulungiswe kahle, osebeni lwechibi lokwenziwa. I-Fir ibukeka kahle kanye ne-barberry, i-thuja, umjunipha. Uma isiqephu sikhulu, kungokwangempela ukubeka izihlahla ezinjengomgexo oyigugu endaweni evulekile encane noma ezindleleni nasezindleleni.

Indlela yokunakekela. I-Silberlok izizwa inhle endaweni enelanga ngisho nasethunzini elincane. Kodwa-ke, i-fir kufanele ivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla kanye nokusalungiswa. Ngemuva kokunisela okulingene ngakunye, inhlabathi kumele ithukululwe kuqweqwe lomhlabathi.

Diamond

Brilliant. Lesi isitshalo esincanyana esikwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezinzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuhle baso. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungu-30 - 50 cm, kodwa yile ndlela i-fir eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala eba ngayo, ngenxa yokwanda konyaka ka-4 cm. Izinaliti ezisuka ku-8 kuye ku-20 mm, eziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ezinemigqa ephansi, ekhanyayo yobude. Umqhele usesimweni somcamelo noma ibhola elinobubanzi obungeqile ku-0,8 m. I-fir ihlotshiswe ngama-oval cones, aphenduka asuka ku-lilac abe nsundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpande eduze kwendawo. I-Fir iphila iminyaka engama-300 - 400.

Ubani ozoyithanda. Abaqaphi bephunga elimnandi, ngoba izinaliti zefir zikhipha iphunga elihlukile nelimnandi kakhulu nge-lemon tint. I-Fir izoheha futhi i-aesthetes, ngokuqinisekile ngeke iyeke ekutholeni isitshalo esisodwa. Abaqoqi be-conifers ngeke benqabe isiKorea esinjalo, ngoba isihlahla sizoba idayimane langempela ekuqoqweni kwezitshalo ezinjalo. I-Fir izophinde ikhange kulabo abahlukunyezwa ukuqwasha noma i-migraines njalo njengomlaphi ophumelelayo, otshalwe ekhoneni elikhethekile lokuphumula nokusabalalisa ama-phytoncides okwelapha nxazonke.

Okumangazayo. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinzuzo ezihlanganisa i-Korean fir, lolu hlobo alukho olwenziwa ngabafuyi, kodwa lungokwemvelo, lwasendulo, igatsha ngalinye elaqala ukusika ngesandla esingabonakali somculi wezithombe.

Ukutshala kuphi. Idayimane lingakhula kokubili emthunzini naselangeni, lingena ngokwendalo kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngenxa yezimpande zalo ezihlangene lihlangana kalula ezimbizeni ezincane nasezitsheni zezimbali. Lezi zokugcina zivame ukufakwa ezinhlangothini zombili zokungena endaweni noma ithala. Ama-Esotericists akholelwa ukuthi i-fir ixosha ububi futhi iheha ubuhle nenjabulo endlini kanye nesayithi. I-baby fir inhle ngokungavamile ekuqanjweni kwedwala. Ikhetha inhlabathi ene-acidity ephezulu, ngakho-ke imbobo yokutshala imbozwe nge-high-moor peat (20 kg nge-1 sq. M).

Indlela yokunakekela. Ebusika emzileni ophakathi nendawo, isihlahla asikwazi ukumbozwa, ngoba sibekezelela isithwathwa kuze kufike ku -29 ° C, noma kunjalo, ukushisa okuqinile nokude akusithandi kakhulu futhi kufanelekile ukukupholisa ngokufafaza noma inkungu yokwenziwa. uma kukhona ukufakwa okunjalo).

Molly

UMolly (Ithambile). Isitshalo esiphila iminyaka engama-300, esingakhula sifinyelele ku-4 m futhi sifinyelele ububanzi bomqhele obungamamitha amathathu. Kodwa isihlahla ngeke sijatshuliswe ubukhulu obunjalo maduze, njengoba sikhula kancane kakhulu - ngo-3 - 6 cm ubude ngonyaka.

Ubani ozoyithanda. UMolly ulungele labo abangazi ukuthi kanjani noma abafuni ukuganga ngokuthena, ngoba akakudingi ukubunjwa. Ubuhle obucatshangelwayo, njengomthetho, abulokothi bulahlekelwe ukuma kwesigaxa esinomqhele wephiramidi futhi buhluma bukhule bubheke phezulu.

Okumangazayo. Izinaliti ezimfishane ezithambile eziluhlaza okumnyama (2 - 3 cm) ziyakhanya, sengathi zimbozwe ngesicwebezelisi. Ukusuka ngezansi, inaliti ngayinye isiliva ngenxa yemigqa emibili ekhanyayo. Izigaxa (5,5×2 cm) ekuqaleni ziba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala onsomi, kodwa uma sezivuthiwe, ziba nsundu ngokumangalisayo ngonyaka wokuqala, bese ziwa ngesizini yesibili.

Ukutshala kuphi. I-Molly iyi-fir eyedwa, enhle njengesihlahla esikhululekile, kude nemigwaqo ukuze kungabikho othinta amagatsha abuthakathaka, aphuka kalula. Othangweni, lesi sitshalo sizosebenza kahle ngenxa yomqhele waso ominyene, nakuba singakubekezeleli ukuthungatha kahle - siyanwebeka futhi siyagoba.

Indlela yokunakekela. Tshala enhlabathini evundile, evundile kahle, evulekile, ene-asidi kancane. Khetha indawo kanye unomphela, ngoba isitshalo asikubekezeleli ukufakelwa kabusha. Nisela ngokusesilinganisweni, ngoba uMolly uhlushwa kakhulu isomiso. Indawo yokuhlala ebusika esithwathwa, imimoya, ukushiswa yilanga entwasahlobo kanye noshintsho oluqinile lokushisa.

I-Blue Emperor

I-Blue Emperor (BlueUmbusi). Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezifika ku-1,5 m ubude nobubanzi. Umcamelo-umcamelo wokuma okungavamile, onwabuzelayo emhlabathini. Alikho ihlumela eliphakathi, wonke amagatsha aqhakaza futhi akhula ngo-5-8 cm ngonyaka.

Izinaliti zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinaliti zimfushane, zihlotshiswe ngemigqa emibili ebanzi emhlophe ngezansi, ziyindilinga kancane ekugcineni njengamaqabunga.

Ubani ozoyithanda. Kubanikazi beziza ezincane, iBlue Emperor inhle. Ayithathi isikhala esiningi futhi ingathenwa ngokusesilinganisweni uma ikhula ibe nkulu kakhulu.

Okumangazayo. Uma ubheka phezulu, njengamanye amafir aseKorea, ama-cones aluhlaza noma ansomi alesi sihlahla avela ngobuningi obumangalisayo nasezitshalweni ezincane. Zinwetshwe ku-ellipse 4-7 cm ubude, futhi izikali zokumboza zigobile, njengezimbali zokhuni eziqhakazayo. I-Blue Emperor imelana nezifo zesikhunta kanye nezimo ezimbi. Okuhlukile ukungcoliswa kwegesi kanye nentuthu, ihlathi labo alikubekezeleli.

Ukutshala kuphi. I-Blue Emperor izohlobisa ukuhlelwa kwembali encane, ingadi yedwala, ingadi ngesitayela sasempumalanga. Into eyinhloko ukuthi igaraji lime kude.

Indlela yokunakekela. Le fir iniselwa ngokukhululekile ngokufafaza ekushiseni. Iminyaka emi-3 yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla zimbozwa ebusika nangesikhathi sokubuya kwesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo, futhi inhlabathi iyambozwa.

I-Kohouts Icebreaker

I-Icebreaker ka-Kohout. Lokhu futhi kuyinhlobo ephansi, enesimo somcamelo ominyene onobubanzi obungekho ngaphezu kuka-1,0 - 1,2 m. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, ayidluli ku-30 ​​cm ubude, nakuba ifinyelela ku-50 - 80 cm. Iqanjwe ngomdali wezinhlobonhlobo, umfuyi waseJalimane. Igama lihunyushwe lisuselwa kusiJalimane ngokuthi “umkhumbi ophihliza iqhwa we-Kogout”.

Ubani ozoyithanda. I-shrub izokhanga wonke umuntu othanda okungajwayelekile, okweqisayo, okuyinkimbinkimbi. Labo abahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ebusika bazophinde bajabule ngale fir, njengoba ibekezelela ngokuphelele isithwathwa esinamandla, kodwa hhayi imimoya.

Okumangazayo. I-Kohouts Icebreaker ibonakala ifafazwe ngezingcezu ezincane zeqhwa futhi ekushiseni nakho konke ukubonakala kwayo kuletha ukupholisa. Umbono udalwa izinaliti ezithambile nezimfushane, 2 cm ngayinye, igobe ngokuqinile phezulu, eveza uhlangothi oluphansi lwesiliva-blue. Amathiphu abuthuntu ezinaliti asikisela ukuthi lawa ama-ice chips. Amakhandlela amahle anosayizi we-6 × 3 cm.

Ukutshala kuphi. Indawo engcono kakhulu ingadi yamadwala yaseJapan enhlabathini ene-asidi ephansi. I-rocker izokwenza futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla kuyimfashini ukubeka izitshalo ezincane ezingavamile ezitsheni zokuhlobisa, amashubhu omklami nezimbiza zezimbali, uzibeke emasimini, otshanini, eduze ne-gazebos.

Indlela yokunakekela. Lapho kushisa, udinga ukunisela njalo ngokulinganisela. Uma kungenjalo, le fir ayibangeli inkinga.

Ukutshala i-fir yaseKorea

Kungcono ukuhambisa i-fir yaseKorea endaweni evulekile lapho okungenani isineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho kufanele ibe seziqukathi ekhaya noma ku-greenhouse. Ngenkathi izithombo zisencane, zisengozini enkulu, futhi noma yikuphi uhlaka oluncane lungazibulala. Lezi zifiso ekuqaleni kwezimpilo zabo ngeke zibubekezelele ubusika bethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umboza kanjani. Kodwa lapho ziqinile futhi ziqinile, zikhula ngokujwayelekile emgqeni ophakathi nendawo esifundeni saseMoscow. Futhi eMpumalanga Ekude, ngokuvamile zizoba zinhle, njengoba eduze nendawo yokuzalwa ye-fir - Korea kanye nesiqhingi sayo esikhulu kunazo zonke, esivikelwe yi-UNESCO sentaba-mlilo iJeju - imbeleko yalezi zitshalo.

Izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zidinga izindawo ezinomthunzi nezizolile, ezikhethwe kanye, ngoba ukufakelwa kabusha kuvame ukubekezelela. Uma izimpande zezinhlobonhlobo zisakazeka kakhulu ngobubanzi, akufanele kube nomakhelwane eduze. Zishiya ibanga elingama-4-5 m phakathi kwezihlahla ezinkulu emigwaqweni, 3-3,5 m ngamaqembu axegayo kanye no-2,5 m ekutshalweni okuminyene. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphansi, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuncipha kwenhlabathi, isithombo sibekwa ukuze izimpande zezimpande zibe ngu-10-20 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwabakhulu.

Kudingeka inhlabathi evulekile futhi enomsoco ene-asidi ephansi. Nakuba kukhona okuhlukile, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezincomo ezinikezwe encazelweni yezinhlobonhlobo ezithile.

Ezindaweni eziphansi, izindunduma zefir ziyalungiswa ukuze kungabikho ukucwila kwamanzi. Okokuqala, bamba umgodi ongaba ngu-70 cm ukujula, ububanzi bawo buncike kubukhulu bomqhele. Isitini esiphukile, isihlabathi noma ubumba olunwetshiwe lubekwe phansi, bese kuba ungqimba lwenhlabathi yengadi kanye ne-peat. Izimpande zesithombo ngokumelene nezifo zokukhunta zicwiliswa isigamu sehora kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.

Isithombo sitshalwe endundumeni eyenziwe phakathi nomgodi, izimpande zisakazwa ezinhlangothini, zimbozwe umhlabathi, zihlanganiswe. Nisela isitshalo ngokushesha, uchithe amabhakede angu-2 amanzi. Ukutshala kwe-mulch nge-sawdust noma izinaliti ezomile. Ukunisela kwenziwa nsuku zonke kuze kuvele izinaliti ezintsha. Hhayi-ke njengoba kudingeka.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-fir yaseKorea

I-fir yaseKorea iniselwa ngamanzi ngokulinganisela, izikhathi ezingu-3 ngesizini, kabili ngenyanga ngesikhathi sesomiso, futhi ukufafaza kuyasetshenziswa futhi esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Khulula futhi umboze umhlabathi njalo.

Eminyakeni emi-3 - hhayi ngaphambili! - i-fir ivundiswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-conifers, isibonelo, i-Florovit, ewuketshezi, i-aerosol ne-granular. Okunye okukhethwa kukho - i-Fertika ye-conifers, i-Bona Forte coniferous, i-Aquarin coniferous. Phinda ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye ngonyaka.

Sika umqhele lapho kudingekile ukususa amagatsha omile, agulayo nawonakele. Isikhathi esifanele senqubo sisekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokugeleza kwencindi.

Izihlahla ezincane zasebusika zivikelekile ngezihlangu, zigoqwe nge-agrofibre. Abantu abadala abesabi isithwathwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ama-props afakwa ngaphansi kwamagatsha amakhulu ukuze angaphuli ngaphansi kwezigqoko zeqhwa.

Ukuzalaniswa kwe-fir yaseKorea

Kunezindlela ezi-3 zokusabalalisa i-fir yakho yaseKorea oyithandayo. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke ezisemhlabeni wonke, ezifanele noma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka.

Imbewu. Imbewu ikhishwa kumacones avuleka ekwindla futhi igcinwe inyanga emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweqanda ukuze kusheshe ukuhluma. Bese zicwiliswa usuku emanzini afudumele, zihlwanyelwe esitsheni esinenhlabathi evulekile kuze kufike ku-2 cm ukujula, embozwe ifilimu bese efakwa endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, amahlumela avela, okuthi, ekuphakameni kuka-10 cm, atshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukene iminyaka emi-3. Le ndlela ifanelekile, isibonelo, i-Silberlok, i-Blue Emperor.

Ukusika. Ngo-Ephreli, ukusikwa kuka-10-20 cm kusikwa nge-engeli kusuka kumahlumela wonyaka, okuvele kube nehlumela eliphezulu nesithende (isiqephu segxolo), izinaliti zisuswa phansi ngo-2-3 cm, zigcinwe kwisisombululo se-Kornevin. usuku futhi wangcwatshwa esihlabathini nge-engeli engu-45 °. I-cuttings igcinwa ngaphansi kwefilimu ku-greenhouse izinyanga ezingu-4, futhi kakade nezimpande zidluliselwa embizeni ngayinye ngengxube yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat yokukhula. Izithombo ezinjalo ngonyaka zilungele ukuthatha indawo yazo endaweni evulekile.

Izendlalelo. Amagatsha aphansi, njengoba ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi acishe anyonyobe phansi, agobe, abophe ngokuyisisekelo noma ama-slingshots futhi afafaze ngenhlabathi engu-5 cm. Phakathi nenkathi, amahlumela anika izimpande. Ngemuva konyaka noma emibili, izingqimba zihlukaniswa ngokucophelela, zitshalwe kabusha futhi zinakekelwe njengezithombo ezincane.

Izindlela ezi-2 zokugcina zilungele ama-firs okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuthola imbewu kuwo (i-Kohouts Icebreaker), kanye ne-hybrids (Molly).

Izifo zaseKorea fir

I-fir yaseKorea imelana kakhulu nezifo, futhi uma ihlupheka, kuphela ngokunakekelwa okungalungile noma ngokunganaki. Umswakama owedlulele ugcwele ukubola kwezimpande kanye nokufa okungenzeka kwesitshalo. Ilanga lasentwasahlobo elinamandla nelikhanyayo livusa amabala abomvu ezinalitini ezingavikelekile ngesikhathi.

Izifo ze-fungal zenzeka hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yomqhele ominyene kakhulu. Zivela njengamachashazi ansundu esitshalweni, izinaliti ziphenduka zibe phuzi, ziwohloke. Kudingekile ukususa izindawo ezingenampilo, ugcobe izigaba nge-pitch yengadi noma i-bio-balm i-Robin eluhlaza, i-Gum, i-RanNet paste, i-rosin, i-acrylic noma upende kawoyela bese ufafaza isitshalo ngengxube ye-Bordeaux (2).

Abanikazi abahloniphayo bamafir nabaqoqi baseKorea benza i-prophylaxis ebaluleke kakhulu ngokumelene nezifo: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bafafazwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi (HOM, Abiga Peak, vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) futhi bathenwe ngokucophelela.

Izinambuzane zaseKorea fir

Ezweni lethu, izitha ezi-3 eziphambili zefir yaseKorea ziyadlanga. Zivela kuphela lapho izimo ezifanele zokuphila zabesifazane baseKorea zingafinyelelwanga.

Hermes (3). Lesi sinambuzane esincane (2 mm) simunca ujusi ezitshalweni ezincane. Eqinisweni, i-aphid. Ngeke uzibone ngokushesha izinambuzane, kodwa iminonjana yobukhona bazo ibonakala ngokucacile: emhlophe, njenge-cotton fluff, kanye ne-gall efana nama-bumps, ngendlela, ekhangayo kakhulu.

Isidakamizwa esisha esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokumelene noHermes - i-Pinocid (2). Izinaliti zifafazwa ngesisombululo sokusebenza (2 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi), zichitha kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5 amalitha, kuye ngokuthi ubudala nobukhulu besihlahla. Ukwelashwa okunjalo ngosuku kuqeda inkathazo.

Amanye amakhambi afanelekile ngokumelene noHermes uKhesari, uBasalo, uConfidor, u-Aktara, uPrestige, uRogor. Amafutha amaminerali anikeza umphumela omuhle, oncibilikisa i-fluff emhlophe futhi wenze izibungu zibe sengozini.

Ibhu le-spruce. Isinambuzane esinamaphiko ngokwaso asesabi njengezibungu, ezidla amahlumela, ngemva kwalokho zome.

Izibungu ziyanyakaziswa, ziqoqwe futhi zibhujiswe ngesandla. Izitshalo zifafazwa nge-nicotine sulfate nensipho, futhi amagatsha awonakele ayasikwa futhi ashiswe ekwindla.

Ipheshana. Uvemvane oluncane (olufika ku-2,5 cm) ludla ubisi lwe-aphid, kodwa isibungu saso esinoboya obungaphezu kwebusika, okokuqala okwesibhakabhaka okuphuzi, bese kuba uju olumnyama, silimaza ngokuqondile i-fir. Ephuma efihlekile, usonga iziphetho zamahlumela ngolwembu futhi adle izinaliti ezincane. Izinhlobo eziningana zidla ama-parasitize kuma-firs - i-fat leafworm, i-needle beetle, ihlumela, imbewu ye-cone, kanye nekhanda elibomvu nelimnyama.

Entwasahlobo, futhi uma kunamapheshana amaningi, khona-ke ehlobo i-fir ifafazwa nge-Fufanon (2) noma i-Actellik, i-Decis Profi, i-Kemifos, i-Lightning, i-Commander, i-Spark, i-Inta-vir.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sikhulume nge-Korean fir nge сumkhethi, ikhandidethi

Isayensi Yezolimo uValentina Kokareva.

Imithombo ye

1. Izihlahla nezihlahla zase-USSR. Esendle, etshaliwe futhi ethembisa isingeniso / U-Ed. imiqulu ethi S.Ya. Sokolov futhi BK Shishkin. // M-L.: Indlu Yokushicilela ye-Academy of Sciences yase-USSR, ngo-1949. -TI Gymnosperms. - 464 p.
2. Ikhathalogi yesifundazwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo avunyelwe ukuthi asetshenziswe endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/imboni-ulwazi/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
3. Zerova M., Mamontova V., Ermolenko V., Dyakonchuk L., Sinev S., Kozlov M. Izinambuzane ezenza inyongo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe nezisendle zengxenye yaseYurophu ye-USSR. Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera // Kyiv, 1991.