El Konyka

I-Konika ingenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu ze-spruce yaseCanada. Noma kunalokho, ukuguqulwa kwayo kwemvelo.

I-spruce yaseCanada, futhi grey ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi (Picea glauca) odabuka eNyakatho Melika. Lapho, ithatha insimu enkulu ukusuka eLabrador kuya e-Alaska futhi ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nase-permafrost entwasahlobo. Lesi yisihlahla esikhulu kakhulu, esingama-25 – 35 m ukuphakama. Futhi enye yalezi spruces ine-mutation - isihlahla esincane sikhulile, esatholakala ogwini lwaseCanadian Lake Ligan ngo-1904. Ukuphakama kwawo akudluli ku-3 - 4 m - lokhu kungaphansi ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunezihlobo zayo. Futhi ifinyelela ubude obunjalo kuphela uma ineminyaka engu-60. Ububanzi bomqhele abukho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 (1). Abalimi bathanda lesi sitshalo esingavamile futhi baqala ukusisakaza.

I-Konika ikhula kancane kakhulu - yengeza kuphela 3 - 6 cm ngonyaka. Ukuphakama kokukhula okusebenzayo kubonakala eminyakeni engu-6 - 7 - ngalesi sikhathi ngonyaka kukhula ngo-10 cm. Futhi kusukela eminyakeni eyi-12 - 15, ukukhula kwayo kuncipha kakhulu futhi akudluli ku-2 - 3 cm ngesizini ngayinye.

Ngendlela, i-Konik spruce inezinguquko zayo, eziye zaba izinhlobo ezihlukene.

I-Alberta Globe. Ukuguqulwa kwatholakala ngo-1967 e-Holland. Lesi isitshalo esincanyana esinomqhele oyindilinga. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, inobubanzi obungama-30 cm kuphela. Ezitshalweni zabantu abadala, umqhele ufinyelela ukuphakama okungama-90 cm, nobubanzi obufika ku-120 cm. Izinaliti ziluhlaza.

Blue Wonder (Blue Wonder). Lokhu kuguqulwa kwatholakala ngo-1984 eJalimane (2). Ihlukaniswa ne-Konika yasekuqaleni ngomqhele ohlangene kakhulu - lapho ineminyaka engu-10 ayikho ngaphezu kuka-70 cm, ukuphakama kwezihlahla zabantu abadala kungama-2 m, ububanzi bomqhele bungama-75 cm. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu umbala wezinaliti: une-tint bluish.

I-Daisy's White. Ukuguqulwa kwatholakala eBelgium ngo-1979. Umqhele walolu hlobo yi-pyramidal, lapho uneminyaka eyi-10 awudluli u-80 cm. Inzuzo eyinhloko yalesi spruce umbala wamahlumela amancane: ekuqaleni aphuzi, bese ephenduka abe mhlophe, bese ephenduka eluhlaza.

I-Dwarf (i-Gnom). Ukuguqulwa okukhula kancane kwe-Konik spruce - kunikeza ukukhula okungama-3-5 cm ngonyaka. Umbala wezinaliti umpunga-luhlaza.

U-Laurin. Kutholwe ngo-1950 eJalimane. Ukuguqulwa kwe-dwarf, kukhula kancane kakhulu, kunikeza ukwanda kwe-1,5 - 2,5 cm kuphela ngonyaka. Umqhele ukhotheme. Izinaliti ziluhlaza.

Ukutshala isihlahla sesikhonyane

Inkinga enkulu ye-spruce ye-Konik ukuthi umqhele wayo uvutha kabi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isizathu siwukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezinaliti ezithambile kakhulu kanye nesistimu yezimpande ezikha phezulu. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - Mashi, ilanga lisebenza, lishisa izinaliti, futhi liqala ukuhwamulisa umswakama. Futhi izimpande azikwazi ukuthola amanzi, ngoba zingaphansi komhlabathi oyiqhwa. Ngenxa yalokho, izinaliti zoma. Le nkinga ivela kuma-conifers amaningi, isibonelo, ku-thuja nejuniper, kodwa kuphela iminyaka yokuqala engu-2-3. Futhi uKonika angasha iminyaka emi-4 - 5. Futhi uma kungenjalo itshalwe lapho, ke eside.

Yingakho i-Konika ingenakutshalwa ezindaweni ezivulekile - ngisho nendawo yokukhosela ebusika ngezinye izikhathi ayimsindisi ekutubekeni. Indawo ekahle kuye ingaphansi kwemiqhele yezihlahla ezinkulu ze-coniferous, isibonelo, ngaphansi kwamaphayini. Noma kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwendlu, izakhiwo ezingaphandle noma ucingo olungenalutho oluphakeme. Akusizi ukutshala ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezivuzayo - ebusika bama ngaphandle kwamaqabunga futhi bavumele ilanga elanele ukubhubhisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esibucayi.

Njengoba ama-Konik evamise ukudayiswa ezitsheni, asikho isidingo sokumba umgodi omkhulu wezithombo - kufanele ube mkhulu kancane kunegaqa lobumba. Kungenzeka ukutshala izithombo ngesistimu yezimpande evaliwe (ZKS) kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ngemuva kokutshala, isithombo kufanele iniselwe kahle - amabhakede angu-1 - 2, kuye ngobukhulu besitshalo. Futhi esikhathini esizayo, nisela okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki ebhakedeni.

Ukunakekela isihlahla sase-Konik

Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo ze-Konika zingezasespruce zaseCanada, zigcine isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo - ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu (kufika ku-40 ° C) futhi singakhula kuzo zonke izifunda lapho i-spruce yethu evamile ikhula khona.

Ground

I-spruce Konik ikhetha inhlabathi evundile enomswakama. Uma inhlabathi isihlabathi, umgodi wokutshala omkhulu kufanele umbiwe futhi inhlabathi enodaka, ubumba ne-humus kufanele kwengezwe kuyo ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1.

Lighting

Sesikushilo ukuthi i-Konik spruce ayikubekezeleli ilanga eliqondile, ngakho-ke khetha izindawo ezinomthunzi kuso.

Ukunisela

Emvelweni, ama-spruce aseCanada akhula enhlabathini enomswakama, imvamisa ngasogwini lwamachibi, eduze kwamaxhaphozi, kanye nesihlahla sase-Konica sazuza ifa lothando lomswakama kokhokho baso. Kudingeka iniselwe kaningi - kanye ngesonto, ibhakede lamanzi ngesihlahla ngasinye. Futhi ekushiseni okukhulu - izikhathi ezi-1 ngesonto. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, umbuthano we-trunk kufanele umbozwe nge-pine noma i-larch bark, noma nge-coniferous sawdust enongqimba luka-2-7 cm - banciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama emhlabathini.

Ngaphezu kokunisela, kuyasiza ukuthulula i-hose phezu komqhele wesihlahla kanye ngesonto.

umquba

Emhlabathini ovundile lapho utshala umanyolo awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. Kwabampofu, kuyasiza ukufaka ibhakede le-humus emgodini wokutshala.

Ukudla

I-Konik spruce ingakhula ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu. Kodwa ukuze umqhele ukhanye futhi ube muhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uvutha entwasahlobo, maphakathi no-Ephreli, umanyolo okhethekile wamaconifers ungasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwawo. Noma i-humus - isigamu sebhakede ngesihlahla ngasinye.

Indawo yokuhlala ebusika

Eminyakeni yokuqala emi-5 ngemuva kokutshala, i-Konik spruce kufanele imbozwe ubusika ukuze ingashi. Kuvame ukululekwa ukuthi uyibophe nge-burlap, kodwa lokhu kuyindlela embi - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ilanga liqala ukubhaka, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-burlap, kwakhiwa umphumela we-greenhouse kanye nezinaliti, njengaselanga. , qala ukuhwamulisa umswakama futhi wome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwe-burlap, ibuye ibole.

Kungcono ukumboza i-Konika ngamagatsha e-coniferous: i-pine noma i-spruce. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubeka izinti eziqinile njengendlu ezungeze isihlahla bese unamathisela amagatsha e-coniferous kuwo ukuze amboze isitshalo ngokuphelele, phansi.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-spruce Konik

Ukuze ulondoloze izimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo, i-Konik spruce kufanele isakazwe ngokusikwa. Kodwa le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhuluma iqiniso, kulula ukuthenga isithombo. Kodwa uma unesifiso nesikhathi, ungazama.

Kungcono ukuthatha ukusikwa ukuze kufakwe izimpande ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: ekupheleni kukaMashi - engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Kumele zikhishwe kanye nesithende - ucezu lwamagxolo esiqu. Futhi okungcono ngosuku oluguqubele. Ubude obufanele bokusika buyi-7-10 cm.

Ukusikwa okuvuniwe kufanele kugcinwe usuku ku-Heteroauxin, isikhuthazi sokwakheka kwezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho, zitshalwa emhlabathini ovundile okhanyayo nge-engeli engu-30 °, zijule ngo-2 - 3 cm. Ukusika ngakunye kusebhodweni elihlukile.

Izimbiza ezinama-cuttings kufanele zifakwe ku-greenhouse noma zimbozwe ngebhodlela noma i-plastic pact. Kanye ngosuku lokutshala udinga ukufaka umoya.

I-Konik spruce cuttings ithatha izimpande isikhathi eside kakhulu - kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya ku-1 unyaka. Sonke lesi sikhathi udinga ukuwachelela ngesikhathi - inhlabathi kufanele ibe manzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, i-heteroauxin kufanele ifakwe emanzini ukuze ichelelwe.

I-cuttings enezimpande itshalwe engadini entwasahlobo - ekupheleni kuka-April. Okokuqala, esikoleni - indawo eyimfihlo emthunzini. Lapho kufanele bachithe omunye unyaka. Futhi kuphela lapho zingatshalwa kabusha endaweni ehlala njalo.

Izifo ze-spruce Konik

I-tracheomycosis (i-fusarium). Isibonakaliso sokuqala salesi sifo ukugqoka okubomvu ezinalitini. Bese iba nsundu bese iqala ukubhidlika. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukhunta oluhlasela izimpande zesihlahla.

Ngeshwa, le pathology ayelapheki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyingozi kakhulu - lesi sifo sihlasela ngokushesha izitshalo ezingomakhelwane: i-spruce, i-pine, i-fir ne-larch. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuwuvimba ukumba isihlahla nezimpande zaso bese usishisa. Bese uphatha inhlabathi nge-Fundazol (3).

Ukugqwala (spruce spinner). Kubangelwa isikhunta se-pathogenic. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuvuvuka kwe-orange emagxolweni amancane, ama-0,5 cm ububanzi. Izinaliti ziba phuzi futhi ziyawa.

Ekubonakalisweni kokuqala kwalesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukusika nokushisa amagatsha athintekile, bese uphatha izitshalo nge-Hom (i-oxychloride yethusi) (3) noma i-Rakurs.

I-Brown Shutte (isikhunta seqhwa esinsundu). Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-schütte, ezithinta kakhulu izihlahla zikaphayini, kodwa i-schütte ensundu iyatholakala nasezihlahleni zespruce. Isikhunta se-pathogenic sihlala ezinalitini ekwindla futhi sikhule ngenkuthalo ebusika, kumahlumela angaphansi kweqhwa. Izimpawu zalesi sifo izinaliti ezinsundu ezinombala omhlophe.

Ukwelapha lesi sifo, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa iHom noma iRacurs (3).

Izinambuzane zidle uNtethe

I-spruce leaflet-needleworm. Ibhu elincane leli. Abantu abadala abanabungozi, kodwa izibungu zabo zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezihlahleni. Izibungu zihlala ngaphakathi kwezinaliti - ziluma phansi futhi zenze izimayini ngaphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinaliti zimbozwa ngolwembu futhi zibhidlike ngokushaywa komoya.

Ukulwa nezinambuzane, izidakamizwa zesistimu zisetshenziswa - i-Calypso, i-Confidor noma i-Engio.

I-spruce spider mite. Izimpawu zokuqala zomonakalo zingabonwa ngamabala aphuzi ezinalitini. Ngokutheleleka okunamandla, izitshalo zimbozwa ngama-cobwebs, izinaliti ziphenduka zibe nsundu futhi ziwohloke. I-spider mite izalela ngeminyaka eyomile. Ehlobo, umkhaza unikeza isilinganiso sezizukulwane ezi-5, ngakho inani eliphakeme lokutheleleka kwenzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo.

Izidakamizwa ze-Actellik noma i-Fitoverm zizosiza ukuqeda izinambuzane.

Spruce isihlangu samanga. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezincela, ezifana namabhola ansundu, ngokuvamile zihlala ezitshalweni ezincane - amagxolo nezinaliti. Ungawabona ngokunamathela kwawo okunamathelayo. Ezitshalweni ezithintekile, izinaliti ziba nsundu futhi ziwe, amagatsha agobe futhi ome.

Ungasusa izinambuzane kuphela ngezidakamizwa ze-systemic. Okusebenzayo kakhulu kubo yi-Aktara ne-Konfidor.

Izinambuzane ze-Coniferous. Lezi zinambuzane ezimuncayo azinaphutha nanoma yiziphi ezinye - zinama-bristles amhlophe emhlane wazo. Eminyakeni eyomile, aphindaphindeka kakhulu kangangokuthi amahlumela abe sengathi ambozwe isithwathwa. Ezitshalweni ezithintekile, izinaliti ziphenduka zibephuzi futhi zigoqe.

Lahla izikelemu kuzosiza umuthi iPinocid.

I-spruce sawfly. Yisinambuzane esincane esifana nempukane. Izibungu zayo zilimaza - zidla izinaliti. Akulula ukuzibona - zizenza izikhonkwane nezinaliti. Ungakwazi ukubona ukutheleleka ngombala wezinaliti ezincane - kuba nsundu ngokubomvu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo akubhidliki isikhathi eside.

Ukulwa ne-spruce sawfly, ungasebenzisa isidakamizwa i-Pinocid. Kodwa-ke, abadingi ukucubungula umqhele wesihlahla kuphela, kodwa nomhlabathi osizungezile, ngoba izibungu zilala phansi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sibuze ngoKonik isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mykhaylova - uphendule imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu yabahlali basehlobo.

Imithombo ye

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo ze-perennial herbaceous, woody coniferous and deciduous in urban landscaping // I-Conifers of the boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvenny rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. Kordes G. Picea glauca plant okuthiwa Blue Wonder: pat. PP10933 USA. – 1999 https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP10933?oq=Picea+glauca+%27Sanders+Blue%27
3. Ikhathalogi yesifundazwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry- ulwazi/ulwazi-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/