Ukukhulisa amakhowe ehlathi e-cottage ehlobo ngezandla zakho

Ukutshala amakhowe esizeni ngokufaka isihlahla nge-mycorrhiza kuyindlela enhle yokuthola indawo yokutshala amakhowe ku-dacha yakho. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amakhowe afanelekele ukudliwa azovela ku-cottage yakho yasehlobo, uzothola nekhoneni elihle le-landscape. Ngokutshala i-mushroom mycorrhiza, amakhowe anjengama-chanterelles, ama-boletus, amakhowe obisi, amakhowe nezinye izipho eziningi zasehlathini zingatshalwa endaweni yomuntu siqu.

Ungatshala kanjani amakhowe endlini yasehlobo: uwoyela wokuzalanisa

Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi izindawo zamakhowe ezikhiqizayo - amakhowe, imiphetho, ukutshala eceleni komgwaqo, ezigcwele izihlahla zehlathi eziphazamisayo - ngokuzumayo ziwela endaweni yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezomnotho. Uma wazi ukuthi ukushabalala kusongela indawo enjalo yamakhowe, khona-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukususa isihlahla se-mycorrhiza usiyise engadini yakho. Ngakho ungakwazi ukuzalanisa amakhowe amaningi esizeni, into esemqoka ukukhetha indawo efanelekile kubo engadini.

Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeZwe Lethu, izinhlobo ezimbili zembewu kawoyela zivame kakhulu: oiler real (Ingulube ephuzi) futhi i-granular oiler (Ingulube granulated). Inzuzo ye-granular oiler yokukhula esizeni ukuthi inikeza isivuno esikhulu, ngaphansi kukaphayini kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile. Izimvemvane zingakhula ngaphansi kwamaphayini amancane. Bathela izithelo phakathi kotshani, ngaphandle kokwephula ubuqotho botshani. Lapho ukhula lawa makhowe endlini encane yasehlobo, i-mycelium ayihlupheki lapho kugunda utshani.

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Enye yezindlela ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokukhulisa isikhunta se-mycorrhizal engadini ukufakelwa isihlahla esincane lapho ukhunta obufunayo bukhula khona. Lapho ukhula amakhowe esizeni, isivuno singavela eminyakeni embalwa. I-oiler eyimbudumbudu iyona efaneleke kakhulu le ndlela. Lo oiler uthela izithelo kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba futhi unikeza isivuno esikhulu. Ukhetha inhlabathi ene-calcareous, ekhethelwe ukutshala. I-butterdish ayikhuli ehlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemaphethelweni ehlathi endaweni yamaphayini azihlwanyelayo, lapho kukhula utshani futhi kukhona amanye amakhowe ambalwa angaqhudelana nawo. Izihlahla zikaphayini ezitshalwe kabusha zikhula ngokushesha engadini.

Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhowe anjalo esizeni, endaweni yokuzitshalela amaphayini ensimini yangaphambili elinywayo, kubalulekile ukumaka kusengaphambili izihlahla nge-fruiting eningi ye-oiler granular. Ngesikhathi sokuzaliswa kokuhlolwa, izihlahla zikaphayini zambiwa ngaphandle kwegaqa lobumba. Isihlahla sikaphayini sokuqala, esingaphansi kwemitha ngosayizi, satshalwa endaweni enelanga yamahhala phakathi kotshani botshani kanye nezihlahla zamaberry ehlobo lika-2000. Utshani lwaluniselwa ngepayipi esimweni sezulu esomile. Amakhowe okuqala avela endlini encane yasehlobo ehlobo lika-2004, kodwa isivuno sasincane. Ngo-2005, ibhotela lathela izithelo izikhathi eziningana kulo lonke ihlobo. Ngesizini ka-2006, igagasi lokuqala le-fruiting amakhowe esivandeni salotshwa ngamaholide kaMeyi 9, elesibili - ngoMeyi 30, futhi izimvemvane ezengeziwe zivela njalo ngemvamisa yamasonto amathathu kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.

Lapho ukhula amakhowe endlini encane yasehlobo, ukunakekela ipulazi likawoyela kuhlanganisa ukunisela njalo utshani ngaphansi kwamaphayini. Le ndawo kufanele ibiyelwe nge-plastic mesh ephansi ukuze ivikeleke ekunyathelweni. Ama-oilers athanda ukubonakala eduze kwezihlahla, izigxobo zocingo nezinye izithiyo ekuthuthukiseni i-mycelium.

Esikhathini esisuka ku-2007 kuya ku-2010, lapho kukhula amakhowe, izihlahla zikaphayini ezinesitsha sebhotela le-granular kanye nesitsha sangempela sebhotela zatshalwa endaweni engadini. Ama-oyela ayizinhlayiya akhula minyaka yonke, futhi izibonelo ze-oiler yangempela zivele izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yemvelo ye-calcareous yomhlabathi esizeni.

Indlela yokuzalanisa amakhowe e-safron endaweni yasehlobo ye-cottage garden

Ezweni Lethu langaphambi kokuguquguquka, bekuyimfashini ukuhlobisa izindlela ezikule ndawo ngezihlahla zomsayipuresi ezimbiwe ezindaweni lapho amakhowe ethela khona ehlathini. Kungani singabuyisi leli siko? Ukudlulisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi nge-mycorrhiza i-spruce camelina (Siyesaba ubisi) izoqinisekisa i-fruiting yonyaka yale mushroom yehlathi esizeni futhi ihlobise ingadi.

I-spruce camelina - i-mushroom enhle kakhulu enephethini ecacile ku-cap ngendlela yamasongo ombala we-carrot ogqamile nge-tint eluhlaza. Ngisho noma amakhowe ekhula ehlathini eliseduze, kunengqondo ukusabalalisa lawa makhowe esizeni ngezandla zakho, ngoba angaqoqwa ekuseni ngokushesha nje lapho ebonakala. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba amakhowe e-spruce akhula ehlobo futhi alinyazwa ngokushesha izinambuzane.

Yakha i-mycorrhiza ngophayini gourmet camelina (Umnumzane wobisi othandekayo). I-pine camelina inkulu kune-spruce futhi inombala ongagqamile. Ithela izithelo ngasekupheleni kwekwindla ngaphansi kwezihlahla zikaphayini emhlabathini we-limestone. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni ethile, esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ungaqoqa ubhasikidi ogcwele we-non-worming milk caps.

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-mushroom edliwayo i-Chroogomphus rutilus ikhula lapho, nayo ithanda inhlabathi ene-calcareous futhi yakha i-mycorrhiza ngophayini. Ikhowe elikhulu, elimise okwe-chanterelle, eliphuzi ngokunsundu elinamapuleti ansomi-violet. Abanye abakhi bamakhowe bathanda ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-mokruha.

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I-kamelina emnandi ivunwa ngobuningi ngoSepthemba ezindaweni ezincane zikaphayini. Lapho amasimu alimekayo angalinywanga ezungezwe amahlathi kaphayini, kwakheka izihlahla eziminyene. Amakhowe kaphayini akhula ezihlahleni ezinjalo. Emhlabathini we-limestone ngaphansi kwezihlahla zikaphayini, uwoyela uvunwa kuqala, bese kuvela i-mokruha namakhowe lapho.

Indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe e-safari engadini? Indlela elula iwukutshala izihlahla zikaphayini ezincane kakhulu esihlahleni sikaphayini. Izihlahla zikaphayini zimila kahle, ngisho noma zimbiwa ngaphandle kwegaqa lomhlaba. Eduze kwendawo yokuthela yekamelina, wonke amaphayini ane-mycorrhiza yawo ezimpandeni. Amakhowe angase avele eminyakeni embalwa, ngisho nangaphambi kokugcoba. Kodwa, uma i-oiler ingakhula kakhulu futhi ithele izithelo otshanini ngaphansi kukaphayini ohlukile otshalwe ukuhlobisa ingadi, khona-ke i-camelina ikhetha i-pine grove kanye notshani obuphezulu obunganqunywa.

Lapho ukhula amakhowe esakhiweni somuntu siqu ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha amaphayini aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala ngesafron mycorrhiza ehlathini, amakhowe avela ngonyaka olandelayo. Awutholi inala yesivuno, kodwa amakhowe ethu asebenza njengophawu lokuwaqoqa ehlathini.

Ijusi lamakhowe elimnandi, eliphehliwe kancane elinobisi alibabayo. I-Ryzhik ayinabo ubuthi ngokuphelele futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Ukutshala amakhowe e-chanterelle ngemuva kwendlu

Kwahlwanyelwa kwezinye isikhunta se-mycorrhizal ngobe (I-Cantharellus cibarius) namakhowe obisi omile. Ama-Chanterelles avame ukuvela ngokuzenzakalelayo emasimini asengadini phambi kwezihlahla lapho. EYurophu, nasezweni Lethu, abaningi bakhetha ama-chanterelles kunamanye amakhowe. Kunezizathu zalokho. Ngesikhathi samakhowe, ama-chanterelles akhula njalo futhi yonke indawo, ngisho nangonyaka owomile. Ziphuzi ngokugqamile - kulula ukuzithola futhi zingaqoqwa kakhulu. Ama-Chanterelles agcinwe kahle kakhulu ngemuva kokuqoqwa, awabhidliki noma awaphule esikhwameni. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi ukuqoqwa nokuthenga kwabo kusungulwe.

Ungatshala kanjani amakhowe e-chanterelle esiqandisini? Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka engadini isihlahla eduze kwaso kwabonakala uCantharellus cibarius ehlathini.

Ngisho nalabo abangawazi kahle amakhowe bayazi ukuthi ama-chanterelles awanawo ubuthi. Esinye isizathu yinganekwane mayelana nezici zazo zokwelapha nokuthi aziqoqi izinto eziyingozi. Kodwa lokhu kuyinganekwane kuphela, ngoba ngokwezinzuzo zezempilo noma ukulimala, ama-chanterelles ahluke kancane kwamanye amakhowe e-mycorrhizal adliwayo. Ngokuqondene nezimfanelo zabo zokunambitha, ukunambitheka kwabo nephunga, nakuba amakhowe, abuthakathaka. Zinhle ku-skillet, ngoba. athosiwe kancane, kodwa kungcono ukuwapheka kanye namanye, amakhowe anephunga elimnandi.

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Indlela yokusabalalisa amakhowe esakhiweni sengadi: amakhowe akhulayo

Ibele elomile, i-cracker, noma i-podgruzdok emhlophe (URussula delica) cishe ayinayo into ebabayo, ayinayo ijusi yobisi. Inyama imhlophe ngokunambitheka okumnandi, okubaba kancane. Akuwona wonke umuntu othanda ukubaba kwayo, kodwa ngemva kosawoti noma ukubilisa iyanyamalala. Ilungele noma yiziphi izitsha, futhi ekukhetheni i-pickling icishe ibe yinhle njengekhowe langempela. Abaningi esifundeni saseMoscow bambheka njengomthwalo wangempela, okungelona iqiniso.

Ukuze amapuleti abuthakathaka amakhowe angabhidliki ngaphambi kokupheka, kufanele ahlanjululwe. Ngezinye izikhathi itholakala ezindaweni zasengadini ezine-birch. I-drawback yayo enkulu yi-worminess enamandla yamakhowe. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi isifuba esomile sinikeza igagasi elinamandla le-fruiting ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, ngaleso sikhathi ngisho nezibonelo ezinkulu kakhulu zihlala zingezona izikelemu.

Uma uzalanisa lawa makhowe endaweni efana nehlathi futhi udale izimo zokuthela kwawo, ekwindla ungaqoqa amakhowe obisi okwanele ukuze usawoti. Lapho ulungiselela imbewu, kungatholakala ukuthi izinhlamvu zamakhowe obisi olomile, njengezinhlamvu zama-chanterelles, azihlali kahle kwisisombululo. Ungasebenzisa ukumiswa kwezinhlamvu kanye ne-pulp.

Nendlela yokuzalanisa amakhowe engadini amakhowe obisi angempela (Singumlimi wobisi) futhi abamnyama (i-lactarius necator)? Yenza kangcono nge-birch. Ubisi lwangempela (Singumlimi wobisi) ngempela inkosi yamakhowe ngokunambitheka. Leli ikhowe elimhlophe, bese linokhilimu kancane elinomkhawulo wekepisi elicinene. I-pulp iminyene, i-brittle, nephunga elimnandi. Ijusi elimhlophe le-caustic liphenduka libe phuzi emoyeni.

Amakhowe obisi wangempela, anosawoti obandayo, anokwakheka nokunambitha okumnandi kakhulu. Amakhowe obisi olunosawoti ambozwe ngejusi efana nejeli akhishwa emgqonyeni nge-smack. Zimbalwa izinto eziqhathaniswa nazo njenge-appetizer! Emagqumeni ase-Urals eBashkiria, ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwamakhowe ngobuningi, ibhakede lamakhowe libiza ngaphansi kwebhakede lamazambane. Kodwa, ngeshwa, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeZwe Lethu, ibele langempela livela ngokungajwayelekile futhi ngamanani amancane.

Kodwa emasimini asengadini esifundeni saseMoscow, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla ze-birch kanye nomhlabathi omanzi, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala ibele elimnyama (i-lactarius necator). Ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, i-milkweed enkulu ivame ukukhula - i-violinist (Umlimi wobisi). Ivayolini nayo inokunambitheka okubabayo nokubabayo. Lokhu kumunyu akujabulisi ukunambitheka ngisho nangemva kokucwilisa isikhathi eside.

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Ungatshala kanjani amanye amakhowe engadini

Futhi kanjani ukusabalalisa amakhowe ezinye izinhlobo esizeni? Ukufakelwa kabusha kwama-birches nama-oki amancane ane-white fungus mycorrhiza kungenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, kodwa umphumela waba ukuvela kwezinye isikhunta se-mycorrhizal ngaphansi kwamabhishi. Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhowe e-porcini endlini encane yasehlobo, kungcono ukumba ama-birches nama-oki nge-cd yomhlaba kanye ne-boletus ku-coma. Ngakho-ke akungabazeki ngokuba khona kwe-mycorrhiza yesikhunta esimhlophe ezimpandeni.

Ngaphansi kwama-birches amabili kulo nyaka, amakhowe ane-milky adliwayo asekhulile, afana namakhowe obisi. yona i-lactic zonal (I-Lactarius zonarius). Inokunambitheka okubabayo kodwa okumnandi. Ijusi elincane lobisi. Le khowe elihle elinama-pulp aminyene lifanele ukucotshwa ngendlela ebandayo.

I-Boletus spruce (Umbhede kaphayini) yalethwa ngokuqondile ezimpandeni zesihlahla sikaKhisimusi kusukela osebeni lwaseWestern Dvina. Umuthi usumile izimpande. Ayengekho amakhowe okwamanje. Ikhula engadini kanye nama-aspen ambalwa ane-mycorrhiza i-boletus ebomvu (Umbhede osawolintshi). Kuze kube manje akukho fruiting.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okuphumelelayo kokutshala izikelemu phezu kombhede wezinkuni kuye kwavuselela isithakazelo kwamanye amakhowe asehlathini amila phansi ehlathini.

Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo:

• amakhowe esihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi ethandwa umugqa onsomi (I-Lepista inqunu), ikhula ekwindla kudoti emahlathini e-coniferous;
• efana kakhulu naye ukugwedla kungcolile (I-sordid lepista);
• i-steppe oyster mushroom (I-Pleurotus eryngii), emhlophe ngombala, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-boletus" ngoba ifana nokuthungwa nokuma kwekhowe elimhlophe;
• amakhowe otshani (i-volvariella volvacea), ikhula kahle otshanini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi amakhowe, abhekwa njenge-humic, nawo akhula kudoti.

Isibonelo, i i-woodland champignon (U-Agaricus silvicola) futhi Agasti champignon (Agaricus Augustus), eyakhula ngo-2013 ku-willow chip mulch iyodwa. Ngo-2013 nango-2014, ngemva kokuba imbali eyindandatho iyeke ukuthela izithelo ngoSepthemba, yakhula embhedeni ofanayo. isiswebhu somzane (Ishalofu leminyezane). Ikhowe elibilisiwe linokunambitheka okujwayelekile kwamakhowe. I-willow spit ethosiwe nayo inhle kakhulu!

Nendlela yokuzalanisa amakhowe njenge isambulela esikhulu esimibalabala (I-Macrolepiota procera) futhi umugqa ojwayelekile (I-Gyromitra esculenta)? Angasakazwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhowe kadoti.

Kodwa i-mushroom humus efunwa kakhulu futhi emnandi kakhulu ukugwedla okunemilenze e-lilac (lepista personata). Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzokwazi ukukhula amakhowe esihlahla embhedeni wezinkuni.

It ehlobo uju agaric (Kuenheromyces mutabilus) futhi umugqa wekwindla (Gcoba i-gyrometer).

Futhi kuyathakazelisa inkowa kayinki (I-Coprinus atramentarius), okuyiyona eyenza utshwala bube nobuthi ngokuvimba ama-enzyme abola utshwala.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ungatshala kanjani amakhowe ehlathi esizeni, okusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo!