Amanye amakhowe asehlathini akhula ezihlahleni azacile kangangokuba angalinyazwa ukuthintwa kancane. Imizimba enjalo yezithelo ezithambile kufanele iqoqwe ngokucophelela, izame ukungasiphuli isigqoko. Phakathi kwamakhowe adliwayo emilenzeni emincane, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-russula zingahlukaniswa, futhi kukhona nemizimba yezithelo enezici ezifanayo phakathi kwemithwalo.
Russula emilenzeni emincane
I-Russula eluhlaza (i-Russula aeruginea).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: ekuqaleni kukaJulayi - ekupheleni kukaSeptemba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Isiqu siyisilinda, simhlophe, sinamachashaza ansundu ngokugqwalile. Ikhasi lisuswa kalula nge-2/3 ye-radius ye-cap.
Isigqoko siluhlaza, si-convex noma sicindezelekile, sinamathele.
I-pulp i-brittle, imhlophe, inokunambitheka okubabayo. Unqenqema lwekepisi lunemisele. Amapuleti avamile, anamathele, amhlophe, abese ephuzi, ngezinye izikhathi abe namabala agqwalile.
Ikhowe elihle elidliwayo, elisetshenziswe lisha (kunconyiwe elibilisiwe ukuze lisuse ukubaba) futhi linosawoti. Kungcono ukuqoqa amakhowe amancane ngonqenqema owehlisiwe.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza, axutshwe (ne-birch), ngezinye izikhathi emahlathini ama-coniferous, ku-pine-birch encane, enhlabathini enesihlabathi, otshanini, ku-moss, emaphethelweni, eduze kwezindlela.
Russula yellow (Russula claroflava).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: maphakathi noJulayi - ekupheleni kukaSepthemba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
Amapuleti anamathele, avamile, aphuzi.
Isigqoko siphuzi ngokugqamile, somile, siconvex noma siyisicaba.
Umlenze umhlophe, ubushelelezi, umpunga ngokukhula. Isikhumba sisuswa kahle kuphela emaphethelweni e-cap. I-pulp ifana nekotini, imhlophe, i-orange-yellow ngaphansi kwesikhumba, iba mnyama ekusikeni.
Lelikhowe elidliwayo esiqwini esimhlophe esincanyana lisetshenziswa lisha (emva kokubiliswa) futhi linosawoti. Uma ubilisiwe, inyama iba mnyama. Kungcono ukuqoqa amakhowe amancane ngonqenqema owehlisiwe.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini avuthulukayo anomswakama (ne-birch) kanye ne-pine-birch, emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi, ku-moss nama-blueberries. Yakha i-mycorrhiza nge-birch.
I-Russula eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-ophuzi (Russula cyanoxantha).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: maphakathi noJuni - ekupheleni kukaSepthemba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Ikepisi lomile noma linamathele, libe luhlaza okotshani noma libe nsundu phakathi, i-violet-grey, i-violet-purple noma i-grayish-green emaphethelweni. Isikhumba sisuswa ngo-2/3 werediyasi yekepisi.
Umlenze wokuqala uminyene, bese ugoba, umhlophe.
Inyama imhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi inombala onsomi, iqinile, hhayi i-caustic. Amapuleti avamile, abanzi, ngezinye izikhathi amagatsha, a-silky, amhlophe. I-pulp emlenzeni ifana nekotini.
Okungcono kakhulu kwamakhekhe oshizi. Isetshenziswa fresh (emva kokubilisa), usawoti kanye zifakwe emanzini anosawoti.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile (nge-birch, oak, aspen).
I-Russula iyashisa-caustic (i-Russula emetica).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: phakathi kukaJulayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
Isigqoko siyi-convex, siguqe, sicindezelekile kancane, sinamathele, sicwebezela, amathoni abomvu. Isigqoko samakhowe amancane siyindilinga.
Inyama ishwabene, imhlophe, ibomvu ngaphansi kwesikhumba, inokunambitheka okushisayo. Isikhumba sisuswa kalula.
Amarekhodi amafrikhwensi amaphakathi, ububanzi, anamathelayo noma acishe abe mahhala. Umlenze uyi-cylindrical, u-brittle, umhlophe.
Lelikhowe elincane elicushiwe alidliwa ngenxa yokunambitheka kwalo okubabayo. Ngokweminye imibiko, kungabangela ukucasuka kwamathumbu.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza nangama-coniferous, ezindaweni ezimanzi, eduze kwamaxhaphozi.
I-Russula bile (Russula fellea).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: Juni - Septhemba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
I-cap i-convex ekuqaleni, bese ivuleka kancane, icindezelekile phakathi nendawo, i-straw-yellow. Unqenqema lwekepisi luqala ngokushelela, bese luba nemithende.
Inyama inombala ophuzi-omhlophe, ophuzi ngokuphaphathekile, ohlabayo, umunyu. Amapuleti anamathela esiqwini avamile, azacile, aqala abe mhlophe, bese kuba phuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Umlenze ulingana, uxega, unembobo ebudaleni, umhlophe, uphuzi ngotshani ngezansi. Ikhasi lisuswa kalula kuphela emaphethelweni.
Ulwazi mayelana nokudla luyaphikisana. Ngokweminye imibiko, ingasetshenziswa ngosawoti ngemuva kokucwilisa isikhathi eside.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Yakha i-mycorrhiza nge-beech, kancane kancane nge-oki, i-spruce nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla. Ikhula emahlathini ahlukahlukene enhlabathini ene-asidi ekhanyiwe, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezinamagquma nezintaba.
I-Brittle russula (i-Russula fragilis).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: maphakathi no-August-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
Amapuleti anamathela kancane, awavamile. I-pulp imhlophe, i-brittle kakhulu, inokunambitheka okubabayo.
Ikepisi linombala onsomi noma onsomi-bomvu, kwesinye isikhathi oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi okhanyayo, o-convex noma odangele.
Umlenze umhlophe, uyaphuka, umise okwe club.
Ulwazi mayelana nokudla luyaphikisana. Ngokusho kwedatha yasekhaya, ingasetshenziswa ngosawoti ngemuva kokubilisa ngokukhipha umhluzi. Kubhekwa njengokungadliwa emithonjeni yaseNtshonalanga.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini ama-coniferous kanye nama-deciduous (ane-birch), ezindaweni ezimanzi, emaphethelweni, ezihlahleni.
I-Maire's russula (Russula mairei), enobuthi.
Umndeni: Russula (Russulaceae).
Isizini: ekwindla ehlobo
Ukukhula: amaqembu kanye yedwa
Incazelo:
I-pulp iminyene, i-brittle, imhlophe ngombala, nephunga loju noma ukhukhunathi.
Isigqoko sibomvu ngokugqamile, siconvex noma siyisicaba, siyanamathela esimweni sezulu esimanzi.
Umlenze ubushelelezi, umhlophe, umise okwe club. Amapuleti awavamile, antekenteke, anamathela kancane, amhlophe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Okunobuthi kakhulu e-russula; kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini avundile naxubile emaqabungeni awile ngisho naseziqwini ezibolile, emhlabathini owomile. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emahlathini e-beech aseYurophu nasezifundeni eziseduze zase-Asia.
I-Russula buffy ephaphathekile (Russula ochroleuca).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: ekupheleni kuka-Agasti-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Ikepisi libushelelezi, i-ocher-yellow, i-convex, bese igoba.
I-pulp iminyene, i-brittle, imhlophe, iba mnyama kancane ekusikeni, ngokunambitheka okubabayo.
Isiqu simise okomgqomo, siqinile, simhlophe, sinombala onsundu. Isisekelo sesiqu siba mpunga ngokukhula. Amapuleti anamathele, avamile, amhlophe.
Ikhowe elidliwayo ngokombandela. Kusetshenziswa fresh (emva kokubilisa) nosawoti.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Le khowa esiqwini esincanyana esinombala onsundu ikhula ku-coniferous (spruce) namanzi anamahlamvu abanzi (ane-birch, oak) amahlathi, ku-moss nakudoti. Ivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu yehlathi lendawo.
I-Russula Marsh (i-Russula paludosa).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: phakathi kukaJulayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Ikepisi liyinyama, liqondile, lidangele kancane phakathi nendawo, linomkhawulo oshubile. Amapuleti anamathela ngokubuthakathaka, avamile, ngezinye izikhathi amagatsha, amhlophe noma ane-buffy.
Isikhumba sekepisi somile, sibomvu ngokumnyama phakathi, sipinki ngokugqamile emaphethelweni. I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene kumakhowe amancane, bese ixega, enephunga elimnandi.
Umlenze umise okwekilabhu noma i-fusiform, uqinile, kwesinye isikhathi ungenalutho, uzwakele, uphinki noma umhlophe.
Ikhowe elidliwayo. Kusetshenziswa fresh (emva kokubilisa) nosawoti.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini e-coniferous (nophayini) kanye namahlathi axubile (i-pine-birch), ezindaweni ezinomswakama, emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi, enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ku-moss, kuma-blueberries.
Intombi yaseRussula (Russula puellaris).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: maphakathi no-August-Okthoba
Ukukhula: amaqembu kanye yedwa
Incazelo:
Inyama ishwabene, imhlophe noma iphuzi. I-cap i-convex kuqala, bese igoba, ngezinye izikhathi icindezelekile kancane, iphuzi noma i-brownish-gray. Unqenqema lwekepisi luncane, lunezimbambo.
Isiqu sinwetshwa kancane sibheke esisekelweni, siqinile, sibe singenalutho, sishwabene, simhlophe noma siphuzi.
Amapuleti avamile, mncane, ayanamathela, amhlophe, aphuzi.
Ikhowe elidliwayo. Isetshenziswa fresh (ngemuva kokubilisa).
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula ku-coniferous futhi ayivamile emahlathini amaqabunga.
I-Russula Turkish (i-Russula turci).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Isigqoko sibomvu kwewayini, simnyama noma siwolintshi, siyacwebezela. Ukuma kwekepisi kuqala kuyi-hemispherical, bese kucindezeleka. Amapuleti anamathele, awancane, amhlophe noma aphuzi.
Umlenze umise okwenduku, umhlophe.
I-pulp i-brittle, imhlophe nephunga elimnandi.
Ikhowe elidliwayo.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Itholakala emahlathini asezintabeni ze-coniferous eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Yakha i-mycorrhiza ngephayini nefir.
Ukudla kwaseRussula (Russula vesca).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: maphakathi noJulayi - ekupheleni kukaSepthemba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
Isigqoko siyi-flat-convex, i-pink, ibomvu, i-brownish, inemibala engalingani. Amapuleti avamile, anobude obufanayo, amhlophe noma aphuzi.
Isiqu, siminyene, siminyene sibheke phansi, simhlophe. Isikhumba asifinyeleli ku-1-2 mm emaphethelweni we-cap, sisuswa sibe yingxenye.
I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, ayi-caustic noma inomsindo othize. Amapuleti avamile, anamathela kancane, amhlophe qhwa, ngezinye izikhathi anemfoloko-amagatsha.
Enye yama-curd amnandi kakhulu. Isetshenziswa fresh (emva kokubilisa) ezifundweni zesibili, usawoti, pickled, omisiwe.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza namaqabunga abanzi (ane-birch, oak) emahlathini, kancane kancane kuma-coniferous, ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, otshanini.
I-Russula virescens (i-Russula virescens).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: phakathi kukaJulayi - maphakathi no-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Isiqu simhlophe, sinamazenga ansundu phansi.
Isigqoko sinenyama, simatte, siphuzi noma siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kumakhowe amancane ane-hemispherical. Isigqoko samakhowe avuthiwe sigobile. Isikhumba asisuswa, ngokuvamile siyaqhekeka.
I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, ayi-caustic noma inomsindo othize. Amapuleti avamile, anamathela kancane, amhlophe qhwa, ngezinye izikhathi anemfoloko.
Enye yama-curd amnandi kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa fresh (emva kokubilisa), usawoti, pickled, omisiwe.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza, axutshwe (ne-birch, oak), ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseningizimu yendawo yehlathi.
Brown Russula (Russula xerampelina).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: phakathi kukaJulayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
Isigqoko sibanzi, si-burgundy, esinsundu noma somnqumo ngombala, simnyama phakathi nendawo.
Inyama imhlophe, iphenduka ibe nsundu ekusikeni, ibe nephunga lezimfanzi noma i-herring. Amapuleti ayanamathela, amhlophe, aphenduka abe nsundu ngokuya ngeminyaka.
Isiqu simhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi siba nombala obomvu, siba ocher noma sibe nsundu ngokukhula. Amakepisi amakhowe amancane ane-hemispherical.
Isetshenziswa usawoti, pickled, ngezinye izikhathi fresh (emva kokubilisa ukususa iphunga elingemnandi).
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini e-coniferous (pine kanye ne-spruce), amaqabunga (i-birch ne-oki).
Amanye amakhowe azacile
I-podgruzdok emhlophe (i-Russula delica).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: phakathi kukaJulayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Ikepisi liyi-convex ekuqaleni, limhlophe, limise okwefaneli ngokuya ngeminyaka, kwesinye isikhathi liyaqhekeka. Amapuleti ane-decurrent, emincane, amhlophe anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okotshani.
Umlenze uminyene, umhlophe, umncane kancane ngezansi futhi uba nsundu kancane.
I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, ayidleki.
Ikhowe elihle elidliwayo, elisetshenziselwa usawoti (ngemuva kokubilisa).
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Le khowe elinesiqu eside esincanyana likhula emahlathini aluhlaza futhi axubene (ne-birch, aspen, oak) emahlathini, akuvamile ukuba ku-coniferous (enespruce). Ingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wokuphila womzimba othela izithelo yenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba; amaqhubu kuphela abonakala phezulu.
Blackening podgrudok (Russula nigricans).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: phakathi kukaJulayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: ngamaqembu
Incazelo:
Ikepisi liminyaniswe phakathi nendawo, libe mpunga ebusheni, bese libe nsundu. Amapuleti awancane, awugqinsi, anamathelayo, aphuzi, abe nsundu, kamuva acishe abe mnyama.
Inyama ekusikeni kuqala iphenduka ibebomvu, bese iba mnyama, iphunga liyisithelo, ukunambitheka kubukhali.
Umlenze uqinile, ekuqaleni ukukhanya, bese uphenduka ube nsundu futhi ube mnyama.
Ikhowe elidliwayo ngokombandela. Isetshenziselwa usawoti emva kokubilisa imizuzu engu-20. Iba mnyama kusawoti.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Ikhula emahlathini e-coniferous (nge-spruce), axutshwe, amaqabunga futhi anamaqabunga abanzi (ane-birch, oak)
Valui (Russula foetens).
Umndeni: I-Russula (Russulaceae)
Isizini: ekuqaleni kukaJulayi-Okthoba
Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane
Incazelo:
I-cap yamakhowe amancane icishe ibe yindilinga, inomkhawulo ocindezelwe esiqwini, amafinyila. I-cap i-convex, ngezinye izikhathi igoba futhi icindezelekile phakathi, i-tuberculate, inomphetho, omile noma onamathele kancane, onsundu. Ikepisi livame ukudliwa yizinambuzane nama-slugs. Unqenqema lwekepisi lunezimbambo ezinamandla, lunemisele ngezinye izikhathi luqhekeke.
Umlenze uvuvukele noma u-cylindrical, uvame ukufinyezwa phansi, umhlophe, uphuzi, u-brownish phansi. Amaconsi oketshezi olusobala namachashaza ansundu avame ukubonakala emapuletini ngemva kokuba omile. Amapuleti ayivelakancane, aminyene, avame ukuba nemfoloko, anamathele, aphuzi. ithola ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana.
I-pulp iminyene, iqinile, imhlophe, bese iphuzi, kumakhowe avuthiwe i-brittle, nephunga le-herring kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo. Emakhowe avuthiwe, kwakheka umgodi ongaphakathi ogqwalile emlenzeni.
Ikhowe elidliwayo ngokwemibandela; ebhekwa njengengadliwa eNtshonalanga. Ngokuvamile, amakhowe amancane avunwa nge-cap engavuliwe enobubanzi obungekho ngaphezu kuka-6 cm. Isikhumba sisuswa ku-valui futhi ngemva kokucwiliswa kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 bese sibilisa imizuzu engu-20-25. okunosawoti, okungavamile ukugaywa.
I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:
Lelikhowe elinesiqu esincanyana elinesikhawu esinsundu lakha i-mycorrhiza enazo zombili izihlahla ze-coniferous kanye nezihlahla eziphukayo. Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza, axutshwe (ne-birch), kancane kancane kuma-coniferous, onqenqemeni lwehlathi, emaphethelweni, otshanini kanye nakudoti. Incamela izindawo ezinomthunzi, eziswakeme. Kuvamile emahlathini e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, Ezweni Lethu kuvame kakhulu engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eCaucasus, eNtshonalanga Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.