Amakhowe awazona izitshalo noma izilwane, awumbuso ohlukene. Lawo makhowe esiwaqoqayo siwadle ayingxenye encane yento ephilayo enkulu. Isisekelo yi-mycelium. Lona umzimba ophilayo, njengokungathi ulukwe ngemicu emincane. I-mycelium ivamise ukufihlwa emhlabathini noma kwezinye izinto ezinomsoco, futhi ingasakaza amakhulu amamitha. Ayibonakali kuze kube yilapho umzimba wesikhunta ukhula kuwo, kungaba i-chanterelle, i-toadstool noma "isidleke senyoni".
Ngawo-1960 amakhowe ayehlukaniswa ngokuthi isikhunta (lat. – isikhunta). Lo mndeni uhlanganisa imvubelo, ama-myxomycetes, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihlobene.
Ilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-1,5 kuya kwezi-2 izinhlobo zesikhunta ezimila eMhlabeni, futhi zingama-80 kuphela kuzo ezihlonzwe ngendlela efanele. Ngokwethiyori, ohlotsheni olu-1 lwesitshalo esiluhlaza, kunezinhlobo eziyisi-6 zamakhowe.
Ngandlela thize amakhowe aseduze izilwanekunezitshalo. Njengathi, ziphefumula umoya-mpilo futhi ziphefumula isikhutha. Amaprotheni amakhowe afana namaprotheni ezilwane.
Amakhowe akhula kusuka Impikiswanofuthi hhayi imbewu. Ikhowe elilodwa elivuthiwe likhiqiza izinhlamvu ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-16!
Ama-Hieroglyphs atholakala emathuneni oFaro abonisa ukuthi abaseGibhithe babebheka amakhowe “isitshalo sokungafi”. Ngaleso sikhathi, amalungu omkhaya wasebukhosini kuphela ayengadla amakhowe; abantu abavamile babenqatshelwe ukudla lezi zithelo.
Ngolimi lwezizwe ezithile zaseNingizimu Melika, amakhowe nenyama kuchazwa igama elifanayo, kubhekwa njengokulingana kokudla okunomsoco.
AmaRoma asendulo ayebiza amakhowe “ukudla konkulunkulu”.
Emithini yabantu baseShayina, amakhowe asetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene. Isayensi yaseNtshonalanga manje isiqala ukusebenzisa izinhlanganisela zezokwelapha ezitholakala kumakhowe. I-penicillin ne-streptomycin ziyizibonelo zamandla kwemithi elwa namagciwaneetholakala kumakhowe. Amanye ama-antibacterial and antiviral compounds nawo ayatholakala kulo mbuso.
Amakhowe abhekwa njengaqinile ama-immunomodulators. Basiza ukulwa ne-asthma, i-allergies, i-arthritis nezinye izifo. Lesi sakhiwo samakhowe okwamanje siphenywa ngenkuthalo odokotela baseNtshonalanga, nakuba izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zesikhunta zingasakazwa kabanzi.
Njengabantu, amakhowe akhiqiza uvithamini D lapho echayeke elangeni nasemisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Lesi sakamuva sisetshenziswa ekutshaleni amakhowe ezimbonini. Isibonelo, ukuphakelwa kwe-mitaki kuqukethe u-85% wokudla okunconyiwe kwansuku zonke kwe-vitamin D. Namuhla, ukunakwa okukhulu kunikezwa ukuntuleka kwale vithamini, ehlotshaniswa nezifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza.
Amakhowe yilawa:
Umthombo we-niacin
Umthombo we-selenium, i-fiber, i-potassium, amavithamini B1 no-B2
Ayinayo i-cholesterol
I-calorie ephansi, amafutha kanye ne-sodium
Antioxidants
Futhi kuyisipho sangempela semvelo, esinomsoco, esihlwabusayo, esihle kunoma yiluphi uhlobo futhi sithandwa ama-gourmets amaningi.