Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi izifo zezicubu ze-periodontal kanye ne-periodontal (i-gum kanye ne-ligamentous apparatus yamazinyo), izifo zolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nezicubu ezithambile zomlomo womlomo cishe azikwazi ukwelashwa. Kodwa ziyazinza futhi zehlele ekuxolelweni. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuzinza, kwesinye isikhathi ukuphimisa kancane. I-periodontitis, i-periodontitis kanye ne-gingivitis yizifo ezivame kakhulu. E-Russia, i-periodontics yaqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo eminyakeni eyi-10-12 edlule, futhi ngokuvamile, abantu abakakulungeli ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga.
Okokuqala udinga ukubhekana namagama alula ukuze kungabikho izihloko nezikhangiso ezidukisayo. Izifo zezicubu ze-periodontal zihlukaniswe zibe yi-dystrophic (ehambisana nezinqubo ze-dystrophic ezicutshini) - PARODONTOSIS, nezifo zemvelaphi yokuvuvukala - i-PERIODONTIS. Ngokuvamile, ngeshwa, ukukhangisa nezincwadi zihlukanisa yonke into esigabeni esisodwa, kodwa lokhu kuyiphutha elifanayo njengokudideka nokuhlukanisa izifo ezifana ne-ARTHRITIS ne-ARTHRITIS eqenjini elilodwa. Uma ukhumbula njalo isibonelo se-arthritis ne-arthrosis, khona-ke ngeke udideke i-periodontitis nesifo se-periodontal.
Ngokuvamile, yiqiniso, kunezifo ze-etiology yokuvuvukala - periodontitis. Cishe wonke ama-3-4 ahlala emadolobheni amakhulu, ikakhulukazi eRussia, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35-37 esevele ehlangabezane nale nkinga. "Ikakhulukazi eRussia" - ngoba amanyuvesi ethu ezokwelapha eminyakeni engu-6-8 kuphela edlule akhethe umnyango ohlukile we-periodontology futhi aqala ukutadisha le nkinga ngenkuthalo. Cishe sonke isiguli esinjalo sijwayele ukopha izinsini, ukungakhululeki lapho uluma ukudla okuqinile, ngezinye izikhathi cishe ukwenqatshwa okuphelele kokudla okuqinile ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhamba kwamazinyo okuhambisana nokuzwa okubuhlungu nokungajabulisi, ukuphefumula okubi nokwanda kokufakwa koqweqwe oluthambile namaminerali (i-tartar) . ).
Uma sikhuluma kafushane nge-etiology kanye ne-pathogenesis ye-periodontitis, izici eziyinhloko ezenzekayo ufuzo, indlela yokuphila, inhlanzeko yomlomo kanye nokudla kwesiguli. I-pathogenesis yalesi sifo yukuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala kancane kancane futhi okuqhubekayo emshinini we-ligamentous wezinyo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuhamba kwezinyo kuyanda, ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-microflora eqhubekayo (Str Mutans, Str.Mitis nabanye), isiguli asisakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlanza amazinyo nokugcina inhlanzeko eyanele. Kuvela amaphakethe e-pathological dentogingival (PGD).
Zonke lezi zimpawu kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-periodontitis kuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwezicubu ezixhumene ze-periodontal kanye ne-periodontal, okungukuthi, ngokukhula kancane kancane nokwanda kokuvuvukala, amangqamuzana ayinhloko ezicubu ezixhumeneyo, ama-fibroblasts, awasakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlanganiswa kwesixhumi esisha. izicubu, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuhamba kwamazinyo kubonakala. Isici senhlanzeko, okungukuthi, izici zesiguli esixubha amazinyo, nakho kuyisici esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlanza kahle emgodini womlomo, akugcini nje ukulinganisa okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kwe-microflora, i-plaque yamazinyo kanye nama-deposit dental deposits asusiwe, kodwa ukugeleza kwegazi nakho kuyakhuthazwa. Ukujwayelekile kokuzinza kwe-ligamentous apparatus yamazinyo kuthinteka ngokusetshenziswa kokudla okuqinile, okuluhlaza nokungacutshungulwa. Lokhu kungokwemvelo futhi kungokomzimba. Akudingekile ukuba nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe emkhakheni wodokotela wamazinyo ukuze uqonde ukuthi isitho ngasinye sisebenza kangcono futhi ngokunembile ngomthwalo obekiwe oqondile (ngaphakathi kwe-physiology) kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ama-incisors nama-canines yiqembu langaphambili lamazinyo aklanyelwe ukubamba nokuluma ukudla. Iqembu lokuhlafuna - lokugaya isigaxa sokudla.
Kuyiqiniso elaziwa kudala, elisafundiswa e-Faculty of Dentistry, ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqinile (izithelo nemifino eluhlaza) kunomthelela ekujwayelekeni nasekuqiniseni i-ligamentous apparatus yezinyo. Izingane ngesikhathi sokulunywa kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokuzihlanza komlomo womlomo (ngenxa yezinqubo zokukhipha amathe) kunconywa ukuthi zidle njalo izithelo nemifino engu-5-7, hhayi i-grated noma inqunywe zibe izingcezu ezincane. Ngokuqondene nabantu abadala, lezi zindlela zokuzihlanza nazo ziyisici sabo. Lokhu kusebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwemifino ngokujwayelekile.
Umehluko ku-omnivorous kanye nemifino (i-veganism) yeziguli futhi inquma inkambo yezinqubo ze-pathological ezicutshini ze-periodontal. Ngo-1985, udokotela wamazinyo kanye nodokotela wamazinyo weNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, u-AJ Lewis (AJ Luiss) wabhala ukuqaphela kwakhe isikhathi eside hhayi kuphela ngenkambo ye-caries ezigulini, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa nokuvela kwe-periodontitis kubantu abadla imifino nabangewona. -abadla imifino. Zonke iziguli zaziyizakhamuzi zaseCalifornia, zingezaseqenjini lenhlalakahle elifanayo ezinezimo zokuphila ezifanayo nezinga lemali engenayo, kodwa zazihlukene ngezici zokudla (abadla imifino namaomnivore). Phakathi neminyaka eminingi yokubhekisisa, u-Lewis wathola ukuthi abantu abadla imifino, ngisho nabadala kakhulu kuneziguli ezine-omnivorous, cishe abazange baphathwe yi-periodontal pathologies. Kwabadla imifino abangu-20, ama-pathologies atholwe ku-4, kuyilapho ama-pathologies atholakala ezigulini ze-omnivorous ku-12 kwabangu-20. Kubantu abadla imifino, ama-pathologies ayengabaluleki futhi ahlala encishisiwe ukuze axolelwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye iziguli, ezimweni eziyi-12, ama-4-5 aphela ngokulahleka kwamazinyo.
U-Lewis wachaza lokhu hhayi kuphela ngokuzinza nokuvuselelwa okuvamile kwe-ligamentous apparatus yamazinyo, izindlela ezinhle zokuzihlanza zomlomo womlomo kanye nokudla okwanele kwamavithamini, okwaba nomthelela omuhle ekuhlanganiseni kwezicubu ezifanayo ezixhumeneyo. Ngemva kokuhlola i-microflora yeziguli, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi imifino inama-microorganisms ambalwa kakhulu e-periodontopathogenic ku-microflora ebophekile (unomphela) yomlomo womlomo. Ngokuhlola i-epithelium ye-mucosal, waphinde wathola izinombolo eziphakeme zamangqamuzana omzimba omlomo (i-immunoglobulins A no-J) kubantu abadla imifino.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamacarbohydrate ziqala ukubila emlonyeni. Kodwa wonke umuntu wayenesithakazelo futhi emangazwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinqubo zokuvutshelwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye nobudlelwano nokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni ezilwane yiziguli. Konke kucacile futhi kulula lapha. Izinqubo zokugaya nokuvutshelwa emgodini womlomo zizinzile futhi ziphelele kubantu abadla imifino. Uma usebenzisa amaprotheni ezilwane, le nqubo iyaphazamiseka (sisho izinqubo ze-enzymatic ezenziwa yi-amylase). Uma uqhathanisa cishe, khona-ke lokhu kufana nokusetshenziswa okuhlelekile koshukela, ngokushesha noma kamuva uzothola isisindo esiningi. Yiqiniso, ukuqhathanisa kulukhuni, kodwa noma kunjalo, uma uhlelo olulodwa lwe-enzymatic luklanyelwe ngokwemvelo ukudiliza ama-carbohydrate alula esigaxa sokudla, khona-ke ukufakwa kwamaprotheni ngokushesha noma kamuva kuzophazamisa yonke inqubo ye-biochemical. Yebo, konke kuhlobene. Kwezinye iziguli izoba sobala kakhulu, kwezinye kancane. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi abantu abadla imifino banezicubu eziqinile (koqweqwe lwawo kanye ne-dentin) ezisesimweni esingcono kakhulu (lokhu kwafundwa nguLewis hhayi ngokwezibalo kuphela, kodwa nangomlando, izithombe ze-electronic zisahlupha odokotela bamazinyo abadla inyama kuze kube namuhla). Ngendlela, u-Lewis ngokwakhe wayengadli imifino engaqinile, kodwa ngemva kocwaningo waba i-vegan. Uphile waze wafinyelela eminyakeni engama-99 futhi washona ngesikhathi kunesiphepho eCalifornia ngenkathi etshuza.
Uma konke kucace ngokwanele ngezinkinga ze-caries kanye nokusabela kwe-enzymatic, ke kungani abantu abadla imifino benza kahle kangaka nge-ligamentous apparatus yamazinyo nezicubu ezixhumeneyo? Lo mbuzo wawuhlupha uLewis nabanye odokotela bamazinyo impilo yakhe yonke. Konke okunezinqubo zokuzihlanza kanye nekhwalithi yoketshezi lomlomo nakho kucacile. Ukuze ngithole, kwakudingeka "ngingene" ekwelapheni okujwayelekile kanye ne-histology futhi ngiqhathanise amathambo nezicubu ezixhunyiwe hhayi kuphela esifundeni se-maxillofacial, kodwa kuzo zonke izitho nezinhlelo.
Iziphetho zazinengqondo futhi zingokwemvelo. Izicubu ezixhumeneyo namathambo abantu abangadli imifino ngokuvamile athambekele kakhulu ekubhujisweni nasekushintsheni kunezicubu ezixhumeneyo zabantu abangadli imifino. Bambalwa abantu manje abangamangala ngalokhu kutholwa. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abakhumbulayo ukuthi ucwaningo kule ndawo lwaqala ngokunembile ngenxa yomkhakha omncane wamazinyo njenge-periodontics.
Umbhali: U-Alina Ovchinnikova, PhD, udokotela wamazinyo, udokotela ohlinzayo, udokotela wamazinyo.