Kuvela ukuthi ukwenqatshelwa kokudla ngokudla inyama kwakunesikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinkolo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Umthetho othi “awukwazi ukudla ngokwakho” wawusebenza cishe kuwo wonke amasiko asendulo. Lokhu, nakuba kusenesikhathi, kungabhekwa njengemvelaphi yokuthanda imifino. Ngokunwebeka - ngoba, naphezu kwesimiso esifanele esikhomba izilwane ngokuthi "zazo" - amasiko asendulo awazange acabangele wonke njengalokhu.
I-Patron Principle
Abantu abaningi base-Afrika, e-Asia, eMelika nase-Australia babenayo noma bane-totemism - ukuhlonza isizwe noma umndeni wabo nesilwane esithile, esithathwa njengedlozi. Impela akuvumelekile ukudla idlozi lakho. Abanye abantu banezinganekwane ezichaza ukuthi imibono enjalo yavela kanjani. AbaThwa bakwaMbuti (Democratic Republic of the Congo) bathi: “Umuntu oyedwa ubulale isilwane wadla. Uvele wagula washona. Izihlobo zikamufi ziphethe ngokuthi: “Lesi silwane singumfowethu. Akumele siyithinte.” Futhi abantu baseGurunsi (eGhana, eBurkina Faso) balondoloza inganekwane eqhawe layo, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, laphoqeleka ukuba libulale izingwenya ezintathu futhi lalahlekelwa amadodana amathathu ngenxa yalokhu. Ngakho-ke, ukufana kweGurunsi kanye ne-totem yabo yengwenya kwembulwa.
Ezizweni eziningi, ukwephulwa kwe-taboo yokudla kubonakala ngendlela efanayo nokuphulwa kwe-taboo yobulili. Ngakho-ke, ngolimi lwasePonape (iziQhingi zaseCaroline), igama elilodwa lisho ukulalana kwezihlobo nokudla isilwane se-totem.
Ama-Totems angaba izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane: isibonelo, isizukulwane se-Mbuti esihlukene sinemfene, ingwe, inyathi, i-chameleon, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoka nezinyoni, phakathi kwabantu base-Uganda - i-colobus monkey, i-otter, intethe, i-pangolin, indlovu, ingwe, ibhubesi, igundane, inkomo, imvu, inhlanzi, ngisho nobhontshisi noma ikhowe. Abantu base-Oromo (e-Ethiopia, eKenya) abayidli inyamazane enkulu ye-kudu, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi yadalwa unkulunkulu wesibhakabhaka ngosuku olulodwa nomuntu.
Ngokuvamile isizwe sihlukaniswa ngamaqembu - izazi zabo ze-ethnographer zibiza ama-phratries kanye nemindeni. Iqembu ngalinye linemikhawulo yalo yokudla. Esinye sezizwe zase-Australia esifundazweni saseQueensland, abantu bomunye wemindeni bangadla ama-possum, ama-kangaroo, izinja noju lohlobo oluthile lwezinyosi. Komunye umndeni, lokhu kudla kwakungavunyelwe, kodwa kwakuhloselwe i-emu, i-bandicoot, idada elimnyama nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka. Abamele okwesithathu badle inyama ye-python, uju lolunye uhlobo lwezinyosi, okwesine - izingungumbane, ama-turkeys amathafa, njalonjalo.
Lowo owephula umthetho uzojeziswa
Akufanele ucabange ukuthi ukwephulwa komgomo wokudla kwabamele lezi zizwe kuzoba ibala kunembeza wabo kuphela. Izazi ze-Ethnographer ziye zachaza amacala amaningi lapho kufanele bakhokhe ngokuphila kwabo ngecala elinjalo. Izakhamuzi zase-Afrika noma e-Oceania, lapho zizwa ukuthi zephule umthetho ngokungazi futhi zidla ukudla okunqatshelwe, zafa isikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Isizathu sasiyinkolelo yokuthi kumelwe bafe. Ngezinye izikhathi, phakathi nosizi lwabo, babekhala isilwane ababesidlile. Nansi indaba ngomuntu wase-Australia owadla inyoka ayenqatshelwe yona, encwadini yesazi sesayensi yabantu uMarcel Moss: “Emini, isiguli sasiba sibi kakhulu. Kwadingeka amadoda amathathu ukuba ambambe. Umoya wenyoka wawuhlala emzimbeni wakhe futhi ngezikhathi ezithile wawuphuma ebunzini lakhe, ngomlomo wakhe ... ".
Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuvinjelwa kokudla okuhlobene nokungafuni ukwamukela izakhiwo zezilwane ezidliwayo zizungezwe abesifazane abakhulelwe. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zemikhawulo enjalo eyayikhona phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene baseSlavic. Ukuze avimbele ukuthi umntwana azalwe eyisithulu, umama okhulelwe wayengakwazi ukudla izinhlanzi. Ukuze ugweme ukuzalwa kwamawele, owesifazane akadingi ukudla izithelo ezihlanganisiwe. Ukuvimbela ingane ekuhluphekeni kokuqwasha, kwakungavunyelwe ukudla inyama yomvundla (ngokwezinkolelo ezithile, unogwaja akalali). Ukuze uvimbele ingane ukuba ibe yi-snotty, kwakungavunyelwe ukudla amakhowe ahlanganiswe ne-mucus (isibonelo, i-butterfish). EDobruja kwakuvinjelwe ukudla inyama yezilwane ezihlukunyezwa izimpisi, kungenjalo ingane yayizoba ivampire.
Yidla futhi uzilimaze wena noma abanye
Ukwenqatshelwa okwaziwayo ukuthi ungaxubanisi inyama nokudla kobisi kuwuphawu hhayi ebuJudeni kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, isakazeke kabanzi phakathi kwabelusi base-Afrika. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma inyama nobisi kuhlanganiswa (kungaba endishini noma esiswini), izinkomo zizofa noma okungenani zilahlekelwe ubisi lwazo. Kubantu bakwaNyoro (e-Uganda, eKenya), isikhawu phakathi kokudliwa kwenyama nokudla kobisi bekufanele sifinyelele okungenani amahora ayi-12. Isikhathi ngasinye, ngaphambi kokuba asuke enyameni aye ekudleni kobisi, amaMasai ayephuza isiphuzo esinamandla sokuqunjelwa kanye ne-laxative ukuze kungasali ngisho nomkhondo wokudla kwangaphambilini esiswini. Abantu baseShambhala (eTanzania, eMozambique) babesaba ukudayisela abeLungu ubisi lwezinkomo zabo, ngokungazi, ababekwazi ukuxuba ubisi nenyama esiswini sabo futhi ngaleyo ndlela babangele ukulahlekelwa kwemfuyo.
Ezinye izizwe zavinjelwa ngokuphelele ukudla inyama yezilwane ezithile zasendle. Abantu basesouk (eKenya, eTanzania) babekholelwa ukuthi uma omunye wabo edla inyama yengulube yasendle noma yenhlanzi, khona-ke izinkomo zakhe zaziyoyeka ukusengwa. Phakathi kwabakwaNandi abahlala endaweni yabo, imbuzi yasemanzini, idube, indlovu, obhejane nezinye izinyamazane zazithathwa njengezingavunyelwe. Uma umuntu ephoqeleka ukuba adle enye yalezi zilwane ngenxa yendlala, wayenqatshelwe ukuphuza ubisi ngemva kwalokho izinyanga ezimbalwa. Abelusi abangamaMaasai ngokuvamile babenqaba inyama yezilwane zasendle, bezingela kuphela izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlasela imihlambi. Ezikhathini zakudala, izinyamazane, amadube nezinsephe ziklaba ngokungesabi eduze kwamadolobhana amaMasai. Okuhlukile kwakuyi-eland kanye nenyathi - amaMaasai ayezibheka njengezinkomo, ngakho azivumela ukuba azidle.
Izizwe ezifuyile zase-Afrika zazivame ukugwema ukuhlanganisa ukudla kobisi nemifino. Isizathu siyafana: kwakukholelwa ukuthi kulimaza imfuyo. Umhambi uJohn Henning Speke, owathola iLake Victoria nemithombo yeNayile Emhlophe, wakhumbula ukuthi endaweni yamaNegro abazange bamdayisele ubisi, ngoba babona ukuthi wayedla ubhontshisi. Ekugcineni, umholi wesizwe sendawo wabebela abahambi inkomo eyodwa, ubisi lwabo ababengaluphuza noma nini. Khona-ke ama-Afrika ayeka ukwesaba imihlambi yawo. UNyoro, ngemva kokudla imifino, wayengaphuza ubisi kuphela ngakusasa, futhi uma kungubhontshisi noma ubhatata - ezinsukwini ezimbili kuphela kamuva. Abelusi babenqatshelwe ukudla imifino.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemifino nobisi kwabhekwa ngokuqinile amaMaasai. Babedinga ukwenqatshwa ngokuphelele kwemifino kumasosha. Iqhawe lamaMasai lincamela ukufa ngendlala kunokuba lephule lo mthetho owenqatshelwe. Uma umuntu nokho enze ubugebengu obunjalo, uzolahlekelwa isihloko seqhawe, futhi akekho owesifazane ongavuma ukuba umkakhe.