Okuqukethwe
Isifo sikashukela (DM) singenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu futhi ezinzima zokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. Kungaba ukuzalwa kabusha noma ukukhula kancane kancane. Ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu azibonakali kangako, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola isifo. Abantu abakhuluphele kakhulu basengozini yokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokudla kuzoba enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwabo, futhi kubantu abakhuluphele kakhulu, kuzoba yindlela esemqoka yokuvimbela.
Izimiso Zokudla Ezinempilo Zesifo Sikashukela
I-American Diabetes Association ihlanganise imigomo eminingi yokudla okunomsoco ehlose ukuthuthukisa ukuphazamiseka kwemethabolikhi ezigulini, okuzokwenza ngcono inhlalakahle futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kudinga ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini usuku lonke - kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile (i-calorifier). Lokhu kungenziwa ngokujwayelekile kokudla okunomsoco, kepha uma umuntu ephikelela ku-hyperglycemia, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyakhonjiswa kuye. Yonke imibuzo yokwelashwa kufanele ixazululwe kuphela nodokotela obekhona futhi ikhumbule ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa akukunciphisi ukubaluleka kokudla okunempilo.
Ukudla kwe-caloric kufanele kubalwe ngokuya ngezidingo zomzimba (isisindo, ukuphakama, ubudala) nendlela yokuphila. Lapha, njengabantu abaphilile, lapho usebenza ngokwengeziwe, amakhalori owadingayo. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kwisilinganiso samaprotheni, amafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate.
Inani lokudla, kufaka phakathi ukudla okulula, kufanele kube izikhathi ezi-5-6. Izazi zokudla okunomsoco zincoma ukusebenzisa ukudla okuhlukanisiwe ukugwema umthwalo we-glycemic nama-spikes kushukela wegazi.
carbohydrate
Inani lama-carbohydrate ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele libe sebangeni lama-40-60%. Njengoba laba bantu benokukhubazeka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, kuyadingeka ukwakha imenyu ngokususelwa kuma-carbohydrate. Kukholakala ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bagweme ukudla okuqukethe ushukela nokudla nge-GI ephezulu, kepha ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngisho nokuhlinzekwa okukhulu kwama-carbohydrate afanele kakhulu kuholela ekweqeni kwamazinga kashukela, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kufanele kulawulwe.
Futhi, izazi zokudla zincoma ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo zigxile kunkomba ye-glycemic lapho zikhetha imikhiqizo. Kubalulekile ukuthi inani eliphelele lama-carbohydrates ngosuku lihlale lingashintshile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokudla.
Ngalokhu, izazi zokudla okunempilo zaqala ukusebenzisa umqondo we "unit unit" (XE) - isilinganiso esilingana no-12-15 amagremu ama-carbohydrate agayekayo. Okungukuthi, hhayi 12-15 g womkhiqizo, kodwa ama-carbohydrate kuwo. Kungaba ngama-25 g wesinkwa, ama-biscuits ama-5-6, i-18 g ye-oatmeal, i-65 g yamazambane noma i-apula eli-1 eliphakathi. Kutholakale ukuthi u-12-15 g wama-carbohydrate akhuphula izinga likashukela ngo-2,8 mmol / l, odinga amayunithi ama-2. insulini. Inani lamayunithi wesinkwa esidlweni esisodwa kufanele libe sebangeni elisuka ku-3 liye ku-5. Amatafula e-XE azosiza ukwehluka ekudleni futhi angadluli inani elifunekayo lama-carbohydrate.
Amafutha
Ingqikithi yansuku zonke yamafutha kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwama-50 g. Ku-diabetes mellitus, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amafutha agcwele enyameni (iwundlu, ingulube, idada). Ukuvimbela i-atherosclerosis, kufanele futhi unciphise ukudla okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol (isibindi, ubuchopho, inhliziyo). Sekukonke, isabelo samafutha ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele singabi ngaphezu kwama-30% wawo wonke ama-calories. Kulokhu, u-10% kufanele kube amafutha agcwele avela emikhiqizweni yezilwane, 10% polyunsaturated kanye 10% monounsaturated fat.
Amaprotheni
Inani eliphelele lansuku zonke lamaprotheni ekudleni kwesifo sikashukela ngu-15-20% wokudla kwekhalori. Esifweni sezinso, amaprotheni kufanele alinganiselwe. Ezinye izigaba zabantu zidinga ukudla okuningi kwamaprotheni. Lezi yizingane nentsha enesifo sikashukela, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, abantu abanezinkinga kanye nabakhathele ngokomzimba. Kubo, izidingo zibalwa ngokususelwa ku-1,5-2 g ngekhilogremu lesisindo somzimba ngamunye.
Ezinye izingxenye zamandla
Izidingo zezinye izingxenye zokudla zingokulandelayo:
- I-Fiber ilawula ushukela wegazi, ithuthukisa ukugaya, futhi inciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol. Izidingo zabantu abanesifo sikashukela ku-fiber yokudla ziphakeme futhi zilinganiselwa ku-40 g / ngosuku;
- Ama-sweeteners angena esikhundleni esihle kakhulu sikashukela futhi asiza ukuvimbela ama-spikes eglucose yegazi. Ucwaningo lwesimanje luye lwafakazela ukuthi amaswidi amaningi anama-khalori aphansi awanabungozi uma esetshenziswa ngaphakathi komthamo obekiwe womkhiqizi;
- Usawoti kufanele ube sebangeni le-10-12 g / ngosuku;
- Izidingo zamanzi zingu-1,5 amalitha ngosuku;
- Amavithamini namaminerali anganxeshezelwa ngokwengxenye ngamalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi we-multivitamin, kepha uma uhlanganisa ukudla, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okubalulekile kunikezwa ukudla. Ekudleni kwesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi i-zinc, ithusi ne-manganese, okubandakanyeka ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela.
Kubantu abasathambekele kahle kumaprotheni, emafutheni nakuma-carbohydrate, amayunithi wesinkwa nokunye kokudla, ungaqala ngenombolo yokudla yezokwelapha engu-9. Kubhekela izidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngaphambi kwalokho, udinga ukubonisana nodokotela wakho bese uvumelanisa indlela odla ngayo nezidingo zakho zomzimba (i-calorizator). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzokuqonda ukudla futhi ukwazi ukwandisa ngokuphepha indlela odla ngayo.