Ukutheleleka kwe-Enterovirus kuthinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba futhi kungabangelwa izinhlobo eziningi ze-enteroviruses. Izimpawu ezingase ziphakamise ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus zihlanganisa: umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isifo sokuphefumula, umphimbo obuhlungu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izilonda ze-canker noma ukuqubuka. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ekubhekeni izimpawu nokuhlola isikhumba nomlomo. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-enterovirus kuhloswe ngazo ukukhulula izimpawu.

Ama-Enterovirus ayingxenye yomndeni wakwaPicornaviridae. Ama-Enteroviruses athelela abantu aqoqwe ngamaqembu ama-4: ama-enteroviruses A, B, C kanye no-D. Ahlanganisa, phakathi kokunye:

• igciwane le-Coxsackie;
• ama-echoviruses;
• i-polioviruses.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Enterovirus kungathinta wonke amaqembu eminyaka, kodwa ingozi iphezulu ezinganeni ezincane. Ziyathelelana kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zithinta abantu abavela emphakathini ofanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi bangafinyelela izilinganiso zobhubhane.

Ama-Enterovirus asakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Ziqinile futhi zingaphila amasonto amaningi endaweni ezungezile. Babhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene kubantu abaningi njalo ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ehlobo nasekwindla. Amacala angavamile nokho angabonwa unyaka wonke.

Izifo ezilandelayo zibangelwa kuphela ama-enteroviruses:

• Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula nge-enterovirus D68, okuthi ezinganeni kufane nomkhuhlane ojwayelekile;
• i-epidemic pleurodynia noma isifo se-Bornholm: sivame kakhulu ezinganeni;
• i-hand-foot-mouth syndrome;
• i-herpangina: ngokuvamile ithinta izinsana nezingane;
• uvendle;
• post-polio syndrome.

Ezinye izifo zingabangelwa ama-enteroviruses noma amanye ama-microorganisms, njenge:

• i-aseptic meningitis noma i-viral meningitis: ngokuvamile ihlasela izinsana nezingane. Ama-Enteroviruses ayimbangela ehamba phambili ye-meningitis yegciwane ezinganeni nakubantu abadala;
• i-encephalitis;
• i-myopericarditis: ingenzeka kunoma ibuphi ubudala, kodwa abantu abaningi baneminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-39 ubudala;
• hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Ama-Enterovirus anamandla okuthelela umgudu wokugaya ukudla futhi ngezinye izikhathi asakazeke kwenye indawo emzimbeni ngegazi. Kunama-serotypes e-enterovirus ahlukene angaphezu kwe-100 angavezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. I-serotypes ngayinye ye-enterovirus ayihlobene kuphela nesithombe somtholampilo, kodwa ingase ibangele izimpawu ezithile. Isibonelo, i-hand-foot-mouth syndrome kanye ne-herpangina kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa namagciwane e-coxsackie eqembu A, kuyilapho ama-echoviruses evame ukubangela i-viral meningitis.

Ama-Enterovirus akhishwa ekusithekeni kokuphefumula nasezindleleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akhona egazini kanye noketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal lweziguli ezinegciwane. Ngakho-ke zingadluliselwa ngokuthintana ngqo noma ngemithombo yemvelo engcolile:

• ngokungenisa ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe indle yomuntu onaleli gciwane, lapho igciwane lingase liqhubeke amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho izinyanga;
• ukubeka izandla emlonyeni ngemva kokuthinta indawo engcoliswe amathe omuntu onaleli gciwane, noma amaconsi aphuma lapho umuntu onaleli gciwane ethimula noma ekhwehlela;
• ngokuhogela amaconsi angcolile asemoyeni. Ukuchithwa kwegciwane ekusithekeni kokuphefumula ngokuvamile kuthatha isonto eli-1 kuya kwangu-3;
• ngamathe;
• ekuthintaneni nezilonda zesikhumba esimweni se-foot-hand-mouth syndrome;
• ngokudluliselwa komama nengane ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Isikhathi se-incubation sisukela ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuye kweziyisi-6. Isikhathi sokutheleleka sikhulu kakhulu phakathi nesigaba esibucayi sesifo.

Nakuba leli gciwane lingafinyelela ezithweni ezahlukene futhi izimpawu nobukhulu besifo kuncike esithweni esihilelekile, iningi lezifo ze-enterovirus azibonakali noma zibangela izimpawu ezithambile noma ezingaqondile ezifana nalezi:

• imfiva ;
• ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu;
• ikhanda;
• isifo sohudo;
• i-conjunctivitis;
• ukuqubuka okujwayelekile, okungalumayo;
• izilonda (izilonda zomdlavuza) emlonyeni.

Sivame ukukhuluma “ngomkhuhlane wasehlobo”, nakuba ungewona umkhuhlane. Izifundo ngokuvamile azinabungozi, ngaphandle kosana olusanda kuzalwa olungase lube nezifo ezingase zibe yingozi ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba kanye nasezigulini ezine-humoral immunosuppression noma ngaphansi kokwelashwa okuthile kwe-immunosuppressive. 

Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziyaphela phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-10.

Ukuxilonga izifo ze-enterovirus, odokotela babheka noma yikuphi ukuqubuka noma izilonda esikhumbeni. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma bathumele amasampula ezinto ezithathwe emphinjeni, esinqeni noma kuketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal elabhorethri lapho zizokhuliswa khona futhi zihlaziywe.

Alikho ikhambi. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-enterovirus kuhloswe ngazo ukukhulula izimpawu. Isekelwe kokuthi:

• izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic;
• ukudambisa izinhlungu;
• i-hydration kanye nokushintshwa kwe-electrolyte.

Emhlanganweni weziguli, ukuqinisa imithetho yomndeni kanye/noma yenhlanzeko ehlangene – ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla – kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukusakazeka kwegciwane, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangenawo amandla omzimba noma abesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ngokuvamile, izifo ze-enterovirus zixazulula ngokuphelele, kodwa ukulimala kwenhliziyo noma isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi kungase kubulale ngezinye izikhathi. Yingakho noma iyiphi i-symptomatology ye-febrile ehambisana ne-neurological symptomatology kufanele iphakamise ukuhlonza ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus futhi idinga ukubonisana nodokotela.