Inyama ibulala abantu abaningi kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuyeka inyama. Inyama iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi kakhulu ezibangela inani elikhulu lokufa nezifo. Ukudla inyama njalo kwandisa ingozi yokufa kuzo zonke izimbangela, kuhlanganise nesifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza.

Lesi siphetho safinyelelwa ososayensi ngenxa yocwaningo lwenhlangano abalwenzile ngaphansi kwe-National Cancer Institute futhi lwaqoshwa ku-US Archives of Internal Medicine.

Lolu cwaningo luhlanganise abesilisa nabesifazane abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi abaneminyaka yobudala engama-50 kuya kwengama-71, futhi bafunda indlela abadla ngayo kanye neminye imikhuba ethinta impilo. Phakathi neminyaka eyi-10, phakathi kuka-1995 no-2005, kwashona amadoda angama-47 nabesifazane abangama-976. Abacwaningi bahlukanise amavolontiya ngokwemibandela ngamaqembu angama-23. Zonke izici eziyinhloko zacatshangelwa - ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezintsha nemifino, ukubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukukhuluphala, njll. Abantu abadla inyama eningi - cishe ama-276 g wenyama ebomvu noma egayiwe ngosuku baqhathaniswa nalabo abadla inyama encane ebomvu. - 5 g kuphela ngosuku.

Abesifazane abadla inyama ebomvu eningi babesengozini engamaphesenti angu-20 yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza futhi amathuba okuba abulawe umdlavuza angamaphesenti angu-50, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abadla inyama encane. Amadoda adle inyama eningi ayesengozini enkulu engamaphesenti angu-22 yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza kanye namaphesenti angu-27 engcupheni enkulu yokubulawa yisifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwafaka nedatha yenyama emhlophe. Kuvele ukuthi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwenyama emhlophe esikhundleni senyama ebomvu kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kancane kwengozi yokufa. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwenyama emhlophe kubangela usongo olukhulu lokwandisa ingozi yokufa.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe emininingwaneni yocwaningo, amaphesenti angu-11 okufa kwabesilisa kanye namaphesenti angu-16 okufa kwabesifazane angavinjelwa uma abantu benciphisa ukudla kwabo inyama ebomvu. Inyama inamakhemikhali amaningana e-carcinogenic kanye namafutha angenampilo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US manje uncoma ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni okugxile ezithelweni, imifino, kanye nezinhlamvu. Okubi wukuthi iphinde ikhiphe uxhaso olukhulu lwezolimo olugcina intengo yenyama yehle futhi ikhuthaze ukudliwa kwenyama.

Inqubomgomo kahulumeni yamanani okudla ifaka isandla ekwandiseni izingozi ezihlobene nemikhuba engenampilo efana nokudliwa kwenyama. Ezinye izindaba ezimbi ukuthi ucwaningo lweNational Cancer Institute lubika kuphela “ukwanda kwengozi yokufa ngokudla inyama.” Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ukudla inyama kungabulala inqwaba yabantu, kungenza abantu abaningi bagule kakhulu. Ukudla okubulala noma okugulisa abantu akufanele kuthathwe njengokudla nhlobo.

Nokho, imboni yenyama icabanga ngendlela ehlukile. Ukholelwa ukuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi alubambeki. Umongameli Omkhulu we-American Meat Institute uJames Hodges uthe: “Inyama iyingxenye yokudla okunempilo, okunomsoco, futhi ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi empeleni inikeza umuzwa wokwaneliseka nokusutha, ongasiza ekulawuleni isisindo. Isisindo somzimba esifanele sinomthelela empilweni enhle iyonke.”

Umbuzo uwukuthi ingabe kufanelekile ukubeka impilo eyodwa engozini ukuze uthole ukwaneliseka okuncane nokugcwala, okungatholakala kalula ngokudla ukudla okunempilo - izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane kanye nembewu.

Idatha entsha iqinisekisa ucwaningo lwangaphambilini: ukudla inyama kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-prostate ngamaphesenti angu-40. Kusanda kuphela lapho abazali bethola khona ukuthi izingane zabo zinengozi eyandayo engu-60% yokuba ne-leukemia uma ziphakelwa ngemikhiqizo yenyama efana nama-ham, amasoseji nama-hamburger. Abadla imifino baphila isikhathi eside futhi benempilo.

Muva nje, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla okunemifino okulinganiselayo, empeleni, kungaba ukukhetha okunempilo. Lokhu kwaboniswa ocwaningweni olwenziwa amavolontiya angaphezu kuka-11. Sekuyiminyaka eyi-000 ososayensi base-Oxford befunda umthelela wokudla kwemifino esikhathini esiphila kuso, isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza nezinye izifo ezahlukahlukene.

Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yamangaza umphakathi odla imifino, kodwa hhayi abaphathi bemboni yenyama: “Abadla inyama banamathuba aphindwe kabili okubulala isifo senhliziyo, amathuba okubulala umdlavuza angamaphesenti angu-60, futhi angamaphesenti angu-30 amathuba okuba abulawe ezinye izifo. izinkinga.”  

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izehlakalo zokukhuluphala, okuyisidingo sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi, okuhlanganisa isifo se-gallbladder, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo sikashukela, siphansi kakhulu kulabo abalandela ukudla kwemifino. Ngokombiko we-Johns Hopkins University osekelwe ezifundweni ezishicilelwe ezihlukene ezingu-20 kanye nezifundo zikazwelonke mayelana nesisindo nokuziphatha okudlayo, abantu baseMelika kubo bonke ubudala, ubulili kanye nezinhlanga bayakhuluphala. Uma lo mkhuba uqhubeka, amaphesenti angu-75 abantu abadala baseMelika bazobe sebekhuluphele ngokweqile ngo-2015.

Manje sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ukukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala. Kakade, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-80 abesifazane base-Afrika baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40 bakhuluphele ngokweqile, kanti amaphesenti angu-50 abo awela esigabeni sokukhuluphala. Lokhu kubenza babe sengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Ukudla okunomsoco wemifino kungase kube impendulo kubhubhane lokukhuluphala e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.  

Labo abanciphisa inani lenyama ekudleni kwabo nabo banezinkinga ezimbalwa ze-cholesterol. I-American National Institutes of Health yahlola abantu abadla imifino abangu-50 futhi yathola ukuthi abantu abadla imifino baphila isikhathi eside, banamazinga aphansi ngokumangalisayo esifo senhliziyo futhi amazinga omdlavuza aphansi kakhulu kunabaseMelika abadla inyama. Futhi ngo-000, i-Journal of the American Medical Association yabika ukuthi ukudla kwemifino kungavimbela i-1961-90% yesifo senhliziyo.

Esikudlayo kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, amaphesenti angaba ngu-35 ezinhlobo ezintsha zomdlavuza ezingu-900 ezitholakala unyaka ngamunye e-United States angavinjelwa ngokulandela iziqondiso ezifanele zokudla. Umcwaningi uRollo Russell uyabhala emibhalweni yakhe ephathelene nesizinda somdlavuza: “Ngathola ukuthi emazweni angamashumi amabili nanhlanu lapho abantu abaningi bedla khona inyama, ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye anezinga eliphakeme lomdlavuza, futhi elilodwa kuphela elinezinga eliphansi. Futhi emazweni angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu adla inyama encane noma angayidli nhlobo, alikho kuwo elinezinga eliphezulu lomdlavuza.”  

Ingabe umdlavuza ungalahlekelwa indawo yawo emphakathini wanamuhla uma iningi liphendukela ekudleni okulinganiselayo kwemifino? Impendulo ithi yebo! Lokhu kufakazelwa yimibiko emibili, omunye weWorld Cancer Research Foundation kanye noweKomidi leZici Zokwelapha Zokudla Nokudla okunomsoco e-UK. Baphethe ngokuthi ukudla okunothe ngokudla kwezitshalo, ngaphezu kokugcina isisindo somzimba sinempilo, kungavimbela abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezine zomdlavuza emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye. Yomibili imibiko igcizelela isidingo sokwandisa ukudla kwansuku zonke kwezitshalo zezitshalo, izithelo nemifino kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu negayiwe ibe ngaphansi kwama-80-90 amagremu ngosuku.

Uma okwamanje udla inyama njalo futhi ufuna ukushintshela ekudleni kwemifino, uma ungahlushwa isifo senhliziyo, ungayeki yonke imikhiqizo yenyama ngesikhathi esisodwa! Isimiso sokugaya ukudla asikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendlela ehlukile yokudla ngosuku olulodwa. Qala ngokunciphisa ukudla okuhlanganisa inyama yenkomo, ingulube, inyama yenkonyane neyewundlu, esikhundleni salokho ufake inyama yenkukhu nenhlanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzothola ukuthi uzokwazi ukudla izinkukhu nezinhlanzi ezincane, ngaphandle kokubeka ubunzima ku-physiology yakho ngenxa yoshintsho olusheshayo.

Qaphela: Nakuba i-uric acid equkethwe yinhlanzi, i-turkey, nenkukhu iphansi kunaleyo yenyama ebomvu, ngakho-ke ingaphansi komthwalo ezinso nezinye izitho, izinga lomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla okuvela ekugwinyweni kwe-coagulated. amaprotheni awekho nhlobo angaphansi kokudla inyama ebomvu. Inyama iletha ukufa.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi bonke abadla inyama banengozi enkulu yokungenwa yizinambuzane emathunjini. Lokhu akumangazi, uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi inyama efile (i-cadaver) iyithagethi eyintandokazi yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngo-1996, ucwaningo olwenziwa uMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States lwathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-80 enyama yenkomo emhlabeni ayenamagciwane. Umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka yindle. Ucwaningo olwenziwa eNyuvesi yase-Arizona luthole ukuthi amagciwane amaningi endle angatholakala kusinki wasekhishini kunasendlini yangasese. Ngakho-ke, kuphephile ukudla ukudla kwakho esihlalweni sendlu yangasese kunasekhishini. Umthombo wale biohazard ekhaya inyama oyithenga esitolo esivamile segrosa.

Amagciwane nama-parasites agcwele enyameni enza buthaka amasosha omzimba futhi ayimbangela yezifo eziningi. Eqinisweni, ubuthi obuningi bokudla namuhla buhlotshaniswa nokudla inyama. Phakathi nokugqashuka kwalesi sifo eGlasgow, abantu abangu-16 kwabangaphezu kuka-200 abanaleli gciwane babulawa ukudla inyama ene-E. coli. Ukuqubuka kokutheleleka njalo kuyabonwa eScotland nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi, iningi labo okuyizingane, sebeyizisulu zamagciwane endle aguquguqukayo atholakala enyameni. La magciwane ayimbangela ehamba phambili yokwehluleka kwezinso ezinganeni e-United States. Leli qiniso lilodwa kufanele likhuthaze wonke umzali onomthwalo wemfanelo ukuthi agcine izingane zakhe zikude nemikhiqizo yenyama.

Akuwona wonke ama-parasite asebenza ngokushesha njenge-E. coli. Iningi lalokhu linemiphumela yesikhathi eside ebonakala kuphela ngemva kweminyaka yokudla inyama. Uhulumeni kanye nemboni yokudla bazama ukususa ukunaka ekungcolisweni kwenyama ngokutshela abathengi ukuthi kuyiphutha labo ukuthi lezi zigameko zenzeke. Kuyacaca ukuthi bafuna ukugwema umthwalo wamacala amakhulu kanye nokudicilela phansi imboni yenyama. Bagcizelela ukuthi ukuqubuka kwezifo eziyingozi ezibangelwa amagciwane kwenzeka ngoba umthengi akakayipheki inyama isikhathi eside ngokwanele.

Manje sekuthathwa njengecala ukudayisa i-hamburger engaphekwa kahle. Ngisho noma ungalenzi lobu “bugebengu”, noma isiphi isifo singakunamathela uma ungagezi izandla njalo uma uthinta inkukhu eluhlaza noma uvumela inkukhu ukuthinta itafula lasekhishini lakho nanoma yikuphi ukudla kwakho. Inyama ngokwayo, ngokwezitatimende ezisemthethweni, ayinabungozi neze futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zezindinganiso zokuphepha ezigunyazwe uhulumeni, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela inqobo nje uma ubulala amagciwane ezandleni zakho kanye netafula lakho lasekhishini.

Lokhu kucabanga okuhle akusinaki isidingo sokubhekana nezifo eziphathelene nenyama eziyizigidi ezingama-76 ngonyaka ukuze kuvikelwe izintshisekelo zebhizinisi zikahulumeni kanye nemboni yenyama. Uma ukutheleleka kutholakala ekudleni okukhiqizwa eShayina, noma kungabulalanga muntu, basuka ngokushesha emashalofini esitolo. Kodwa-ke, kunezifundo eziningi ezifakazela ukulimala kokudla inyama. Inyama ibulala izigidi zabantu minyaka yonke, kodwa isaqhubeka nokudayiswa kuzo zonke izitolo zokudla.

Ama-microorganisms amasha aguqukayo atholakala enyameni abulala kakhulu. Ukuze uthole i-salmonellosis, kufanele udle okungenani isigidi salezi zinambuzane. Kodwa ukuze ungenwe enye yezinhlobo ezintsha zamagciwane noma amagciwane, udinga ukugwinya amahlanu kuphela. Ngamanye amazwi, ingcosana ye-hamburger eluhlaza noma ithonsi lejusi yayo epuletini lakho kwanele ukukubulala. Ososayensi manje sebehlonze amagciwane angaphezu kweshumi nambili atholakala ekudleni anemiphumela enjalo ebulalayo. I-CDC iyavuma ukuthi inecala lokugula nokufa okuningi okuhlobene nokudla.

Izigameko eziningi zokungcoliswa kwenyama zibangelwa ukupha izilwane zasemapulazini ukudla okungekhona okwemvelo kuzo. Njengamanje izinkomo ziphakelwa ummbila, ezingakwazi ukugaya, kodwa lokhu kuzenza zikhuluphale ngokushesha. Izinkomo nazo ziyaphoqwa ukuthi zidle ukudla okunendle yenkukhu. Izigidi zamakhilogremu omquba wezinkukhu (indle, izimpaphe nakho konke) zikhuhlwa phansi ezindlini zezinkukhu bese zigaywa zibe ukudla kwemfuyo. Imboni yemfuyo iyibheka “njengomthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni”.  

Ezinye izithako ekudleni kwezinkomo zihlanganisa izidumbu zezilwane, izinkukhu ezifile, izingulube namahhashi. Ngokomqondo wemboni, kungabiza kakhulu futhi kungenzeki ukondla imfuyo ngokuphakela kwemvelo, okunempilo. Ubani ngempela onendaba ukuthi yenziwa ngani inyama inqobo nje uma ibukeka njengenyama?

Kuhlanganiswe nemithamo emikhulu yama-hormone okukhula, ukudla kommbila nokudla okukhethekile kufinyeza ubude besikhathi lapho inkunzi ikhuluphalisiwe ukuze ithengiswe emakethe, isikhathi esivamile sokukhuluphalisa iminyaka engu-4-5, isikhathi sokukhuluphalisa esisheshayo yizinyanga ezingu-16. Yebo, ukudla okungekhona okwemvelo kugulisa izinkomo. Njengabantu abawadlayo, bahlushwa isilungulela, isifo sesibindi, izilonda, isifo sohudo, inyumoniya nezinye izifo. Ukuze kugcinwe izinkomo ziphila zize zihlatshwe lapho zinezinyanga ezingu-16 ubudala, izinkomo zinikezwa umthamo omkhulu wemithi elwa namagciwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagciwane asabela ekuhlaselweni okukhulu kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo avela kuma-antibiotics athola izindlela zokumelana nale mithi ngokushintsha abe yizinhlobo ezintsha ezingazweli. Angathengwa kanye nenyama esitolo segrosa yangakini, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana azoba sepuletini lakho, ngaphandle uma, kunjalo, ungumuntu odla imifino.