AmaGibhithe Asendulo Ayengabantu Abadla Imifino: Isifundo Somama Omusha

Ingabe abaseGibhithe lasendulo babedla njengathi? Uma ungumuntu odla imifino, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule osebeni lweNayile ubuyozizwa usekhaya.

Eqinisweni, ukudla inyama eningi kuyisenzakalo sakamuva. Emasikweni asendulo, ukudla imifino kwakuvamile kakhulu, ngaphandle kwabantu abayimizulane. Abantu abaningi abazinzile badla izithelo nemifino.

Nakuba imithombo ibike ngaphambilini ukuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo babedla kakhulu imifino, akuzange kwenzeke kuze kube yilapho ucwaningo lwakamuva lusho ukuthi kwakungakanani lokhu kudla noma okunye ukudla. Badle isinkwa? Ingabe uncike kusitshalo seqanda nogalikhi? Kungani bengadobi?

Ithimba labacwaningi baseFrance lithole ukuthi ngokuhlola ama-athomu ekhabhoni ezidumbu zabantu ababehlala eGibhithe phakathi kuka-3500 BC e. kanye no-600 AD e., ungathola ukuthi badleni.

Wonke ama-athomu e-carbon ezitshalweni atholakala ku-carbon dioxide emkhathini ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis. Ikhabhoni ingena emizimbeni yethu lapho sidla izitshalo noma izilwane ezidle lezi zitshalo.

Isici sesithupha esilula kunazo zonke kuthebula le-periodic, i-carbon, itholakala emvelweni njengama-isotopes amabili azinzile: i-carbon-12 ne-carbon-13. Ama-Isotopes e-elementi efanayo asabela ngendlela efanayo kodwa anenqwaba ye-athomu ehluke kancane, ne-carbon-13 ibe nzima kancane kune-carbon-12. Izitshalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Iqembu lokuqala, i-C3, lithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezitshalo ezifana negalikhi, isitshalo seqanda, amapheya, ama-lentils nokolweni. Iqembu lesibili, elincane, i-C4, lihlanganisa imikhiqizo efana namabele namabele.

Izitshalo ezijwayelekile ze-C3 zithatha okuncane kwe-isotope ye-carbon-13 esindayo, kuyilapho i-C4 ithatha ngaphezulu. Ngokukala isilinganiso se-carbon-13 kuya ku-carbon-12, umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu amabili unganqunywa. Uma udla izitshalo eziningi ze-C3, ukugcwala kwe-carbon-13 isotope emzimbeni wakho kuzoba ngaphansi uma udla izitshalo eziningi ze-C4.

Izidumbu ezahlolwa iqembu laseFrance kwakuyizinsalela zabantu abangu-45 abayiswa eminyuziyamu emibili eLyon, eFrance, ngekhulu le-19. "Sithathe indlela ehluke kancane," kuchaza u-Alexandra Tuzo, umcwaningi oholayo eNyuvesi yaseLyon. “Sisebenze kakhulu ngamathambo namazinyo, kanti abacwaningi abaningi benza izifundo zezinwele, i-collagen namaprotheni. Siphinde sasebenza izikhathi eziningi, sifunda abantu abambalwa kusukela enkathini ngayinye ukuze sihlanganise isikhathi esikhulu.”

Abacwaningi bashicilele abakutholile kuyi-Journal of Archaeology. Balinganisa isilinganiso se-carbon-13 kuya ku-carbon-12 (kanye namanye ama-isotopes amaningana) emathanjeni, koqweqwe lwawo, nasezinweleni zezinsalela futhi baqhathanisa nezilinganiso ezingulube ezithole ukudla okulawula izilinganiso ezahlukene ze-C3 ne-C4. . Ngenxa yokuthi i-metabolism yengulube ifana neyabantu, isilinganiso se-isotope sasiqhathaniswa naso esitholakala ezingomeni.

Izinwele zimunca amaprotheni ezilwane amaningi kunamathambo namazinyo, futhi isilinganiso sama-isotopes ezinweleni zezidumbu sifana nesabantu abadla imifino banamuhla baseYurophu, okufakazela ukuthi abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo babevame ukudla imifino. Njengoba kwenzeka kubantu abaningi banamuhla, ukudla kwabo kwakusekelwe ukolweni nama-oats. Isiphetho esiyinhloko salolu cwaningo ukuthi izinhlamvu zeqembu le-C4 ezifana ne-millet namabele zakha ingxenye encane yokudla, ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-10.

Kodwa kwatholakala namaqiniso amangalisayo.

“Sithole ukuthi ukudla kuyahambisana sonke isikhathi. Besilindele izinguquko,” kusho uTuzo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo bazijwayelanisa kahle nemvelo yabo njengoba isifunda seNayile sakhula somile kusukela ngo-3500 BC. e. kuya ku-600 AD e.

Ku-Kate Spence, isazi semivubukulo kanye nochwepheshe wasendulo waseGibhithe eNyuvesi yaseCambridge, akuzange kumangaze: “Nakuba le ndawo yome kakhulu, batshale izitshalo ngezinhlelo zokunisela, okuyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu,” usho kanje. Lapho amanzi eNayile ehla, abalimi basondela eduze nomfula futhi baqhubeka nokulima insimu ngendlela efanayo.

Imfihlakalo yangempela yizinhlanzi. Abantu abaningi bangacabanga ukuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo, ababehlala eduze neNayile, babedla izinhlanzi eziningi. Nokho, naphezu kobufakazi obubalulekile bamasiko, kwakungekho zinhlanzi eziningi ekudleni kwazo.

“Kunobufakazi obuningi bokudoba odongeni lwaseGibhithe (kokubili nge-harpoon nenethi), izinhlanzi zikhona futhi emibhalweni. Kunobufakazi obuningi bemivubukulo bokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezinjengeGaza ne-Amama,” kusho uSpence, enezela ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi azizange zidliwe ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo. “Konke kuyamangaza, njengoba ukuhlaziya isotopu kubonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zazingadumile kakhulu.”  

 

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