Okuqukethwe
Ngokuthuthuka kokuphiswa kwemisebenzi yezandla, izinhlobonhlobo zobhiya ziye zavela emashalofini esitolo. Ukuqonda izinhlobonhlobo zama-pilsner, ama-IPA, ama-stout nama-porters kungaba nzima. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zesiphuzo esinegwebu - i-ale ne-lager. Lona wakamuva uvame ukubonwa njengobhiya okhanyayo wakudala. Okulandelayo, ake sibone ukuthi yimuphi umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zikabhiya mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukunambitheka nesiko lokuphuza.
Izici zokukhiqizwa kwe-ale ne-lager
Isici esinqumayo ekukhiqizeni i-yeast. Banesibopho senqubo yokuvutshelwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa futhi baguqule ushukela ube yi-carbon dioxide notshwala. I-ale yeast ithanda izinga lokushisa eliphezulu - kufika ku-18 kuya ku-24 °C. Izinhlobo zisebenza ngenkuthalo engxenyeni engenhla yethangi, lapho i-wort ikhona. Ngakho-ke, i-ale ibizwa nge-top-fermented beer.
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, wonke ubhiya, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ubungowesigaba sama-ales. Lesi sitayela sokwenza utshwala siguquke ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, njengoba ama-hoppy breeded top-fermented top abekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. EYurophu yasendulo, ubhiya owugqinsi nobuncane be-hoppy wawuwukudla okubalulekile kanye nesinkwa. Isilinganiso esincane sotshwala sabulala amagciwane, ngakho i-ale yashintsha amanzi emazweni aseYurophu.
I-Lager yeast isebenza kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ivubela phansi ethangini. Obhiya abanemvubelo ephansi baqalwa abaphisi botshwala baseJalimane abathola ukuthi inqubo yokuvutshelwa emabhokisini e-ale yaqhubeka lapho egcinwe emihumeni ebandayo. Umphumela waba ubhiya obulula, obuqinile, obunambitheka kancane obudumile emathaveni enkathi ephakathi. Ngo-1516, kwaphasiswa umthetho waseBavaria othi “Okuhlanzeka kokuphisa”, owavimbela ukukhiqizwa kobhiya obuvutshelwe phansi ezinyangeni zasehlobo.
I-Lager yeast yaqala ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela yayo emsulwa ngo-1883. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zaziqukethe ubuncane bokufakwa kwamanye amazwe, ubhiya obubilile phansi wawugcinwe isikhathi eside futhi wawunenzuzo ukuwukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane i-lager yaqala ukushintsha i-ale, eyayineshelufu elifushane kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kweziqandisi kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza i-lager kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Umehluko wokunambitha phakathi kwe-ale ne-lager
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-ale ne-lager ngokuyinhloko uhlobene ne-flavour bouquet. Njengoba imvubelo ye-ale ivubela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ikhipha ama-ester nezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic ezinikeza amathoni anezithelo nezinongo. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwaseBelgium zinikeza iziphuzo ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene. Abaphisi bemisebenzi yezandla bahlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamahops anezinhlobo ezahlukene zeyesti bese benza ubhiya onamasu omango, uphayinaphu, i-vanilla, ubhanana kanye ne-citrus.
I-Lager yeast inikeza ubhiya ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile nokusha, okubuswa ukubaba kwe-hop namathoni ebhali. Emiqondweni yabantu abaningi, ubhiya wangempela uyilaza ekhanyayo, ecacile enekhanda eliminyene legwebu. Nokho, lokhu kuwukukhohlisa nje. Uhlobo lwemvubelo aluthinti umbala wesiphuzo. Kokubili ubhiya obubilile phezulu naphansi bungaba lula noma bube mnyama, kuye ngezinga lokugazinga noma ukubiliswa kwebhali.
Kodwa-ke, iningi lobhiya emakethe lihlukaniswa njengama-lager, ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nokulindelwe ngabathengi. I-Ale ivamile phakathi kwabaphisi bemisebenzi yezandla njengoba ingadingi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibizayo futhi inesikhathi sokuvuthwa esimaphakathi esiyizinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ubhiya wenziwa ngamaqoqo amancane futhi uthengiswa ngokushesha, ukuze ungahlali amathangi isikhathi eside.
Ngawo-1970, isifiso sabakhiqizi sokujabulisa abathengi saholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-lager alahlekelwa uhlamvu lwawo futhi ayeka ukuhluka komunye nomunye. Ukwehla kwentshisekelo kabhiya kuphoqe izinkampani ukuthi zihlole izitayela futhi zibuyisele okuqukethwe kwe-ester ephansi kuma-lager.
Njengamanje, izitayela ze-hybrid ziye zavela ezisebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lwemvubelo ekukhiqizeni, kodwa ukuvutshelwa kwenzeka kokubili izinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi. Ubuchwepheshe benza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ubhiya ohlanzekile futhi osobala onokunambitheka kwesici.
Isiko ukusetshenziswa
I-lager yakudala iqeda ukoma kahle, futhi izinhlobo ezibuthakathaka zingadliwa ngaphandle kokudla okulula noma ngokudla okulula. Izinhlobo ezilula zihamba kahle nge-pizza, ama-hot dogs, kanye nesitsha esidumile se-Fish & Chips e-UK - izinhlanzi ezithosiwe nama-french. I-Czech pilsner ilungele amasoseji athosiwe, ukudla kwasolwandle, inyama eyosiwe. Izinhlobo ze-lager emnyama zenza ipheya ye-gastronomic noshizi abavuthiwe kanye nenyama ebhemayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ale zinhle ngezinhlobo ezithile zokudla. Izinhlanganisela ezinconyiwe:
- I-IPA (i-Indian pale ale) - izinhlanzi ezinamafutha, ama-burgers, izitsha zaseThailand;
- ama-ales amnyama - inyama ebomvu, ushizi obabayo, i-lasagna, amakhowe ayisitshulu;
- i-porter ne-stout - inyama eyosiwe namasoseji, ama-oyster, ama-dessert ashokoledi amnyama;
- i-saison - inkukhu ephekwe ngegalikhi, isobho sezilwane zasolwandle, ushizi wezimbuzi;
- uju nama-ales afakwe izinongo - umdlalo, amasoseji.
Uhlobo ngalunye lukabhiya lunokunikezwa kwalo. Ama-lager avame ukuphuzwa ezingilazini ezinde noma izinkomishi zikabhiya ezinomthamo wamalitha angu-0,56. Izinhlobo ezimnyama zinikezwa ezingilazini ezinkulu ezimise okwe-tulip. Izingilazi ze-ale zomdabu zibizwa ngokuthi amaphayinti futhi zinomumo oyisilinda phezulu nephansi elivulekile. Ama-stout aqinile, ama-porters nama-ales amnyama angathululwa ezingilazini ze-tulip nasezitsheni ezimise okwezifiso.