Yeka ukuphindaphinda amaphutha
NgokukaProfesa Anders Eriksson waseYunivesithi yaseFlorida, imizuzu engu-60 echithwa senza “umsebenzi ofanele” ingcono kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi esichithwa ekufundeni ngaphandle kokugxilisa ingqondo. Ukuhlonza izindawo ezidinga umsebenzi bese wenza uhlelo olugxilile lokusebenza kuzo kubalulekile. U-Ericsson ubiza le nqubo ngokuthi “ukwenza ngamabomu.”
U-Ericsson usechithe ingxenye engcono yamashumi amathathu eminyaka ehlaziya ukuthi ochwepheshe abahamba phambili, kusukela kubaculi kuya kodokotela abahlinzayo, bafinyelela kanjani phezulu emkhakheni wabo. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukuthuthukisa ingqondo efanele kubaluleke kakhulu kunethalenta kuphela. “Bekuhlale kukholakala ukuthi ukuze ube ngumuntu ongcono kunabo bonke kwakumele uzalwe unjalo, ngoba kunzima ukwakha ongcweti abasezingeni eliphezulu kodwa lokhu akulungile,” usho kanje.
Abameli bokwenza ngamabomu bavame ukugxeka indlela esifundiswa ngayo esikoleni. Othisha bomculo, isibonelo, baqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo: umculo weshidi, okhiye, nendlela yokufunda umculo. Uma udinga ukuqhathanisa abafundi nabanye, udinga ukubaqhathanisa ezilinganisweni ezilula zenhloso. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kusiza ukugreda, kodwa kungaphazamisa nabaqalayo abangakwazi ukucabanga ukufinyelela umgomo wabo omkhulu, okuwukudlala umculo abawuthandayo ngoba benza imisebenzi engenandaba kubo. “Ngicabanga ukuthi indlela efanele yokufunda iwukuhlanekezela,” kusho uMax Deutsch oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala, osefunde ngokushesha ngendlela eyeqisayo. Ngo-2016, i-Deutsch esekelwe e-San Francisco yazibekela umgomo wokufunda amakhono amasha ayi-12 wokuvelela abe sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, elilodwa ngenyanga. Owokuqala ubewubamba ngekhanda ikhadi lamakhadi ngemizuzu emibili ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Ukuphothulwa kwalo msebenzi kuthathwa njengomngcele woBukhulu. Esokugcina bekuwukuzifundisa ukudlala i-chess kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ngishaye u-Grandmaster Magnus Carlsen emdlalweni.
“Qala ngegoli. Yini okufanele ngiyazi noma ngikwazi ukuyenza ukuze ngifinyelele umgomo wami? Bese wenza uhlelo lokufika lapho futhi unamathele kulo. Ngosuku lokuqala, ngathi, “Yilokhu engizokwenza nsuku zonke.” Nganquma kusengaphambili umsebenzi ngamunye wosuku ngalunye. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi angizange ngicabange, “Ingabe nginawo amandla noma kufanele ngiwabeke phansi?” Ngoba ngakumisela ngaphambili. Kube yingxenye yosuku,” kusho uDeutsch.
I-Deutsch ikwazile ukufeza lo msebenzi ngokusebenza isikhathi esigcwele, ihambe ihora ngosuku futhi ingaphuthelwa ukulala amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Imizuzu engama-45 kuye kwengama-60 usuku ngalunye izinsuku ezingama-30 yayanele ukuqeda uvivinyo ngalunye. Uthe lolu hlaka lwenza u-80% womsebenzi onzima.
Ukuzijwayeza ngamabomu kungase kuzwakale kujwayelekile kuwe, njengoba bekuyisisekelo somthetho wamahora angu-10 owaduma nguMalcolm Gladwell. Enye yezindatshana zokuqala zika-Eriksson zokuzijwayeza ngamabomu iphakamise ukuchitha amahora angu-000, noma cishe iminyaka eyi-10, ekuqeqesheni okuhlosiwe ukuze ufinyelele phezulu emkhakheni wakho. Kodwa umqondo wokuthi noma ubani ochitha amahora angu-000 kokuthile uzoba ungqondongqondo uyinkohliso. “Kufanele uzilolonge ngenhloso, futhi lokho kudinga uhlobo oluthile lobuntu. Lokhu akuphathelene nesikhathi esiphelele esichithwa ekuzilolongeni, kufanele sihambisane namakhono omfundi. Futhi mayelana nendlela yokuhlaziya umsebenzi owenziwe: lungisa, shintsha, lungisa. Akukacaci ukuthi kungani abanye abantu becabanga ukuthi uma wenza okwengeziwe, wenza amaphutha afanayo, uzoba ngcono,” kusho u-Eriksson.
Gxila ekhonweni
Umhlaba wezemidlalo wamukele izifundo eziningi zika-Ericsson. Owake waba ngumdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo owaphenduka umphathi u-Roger Gustafsson uhole iklabhu yebhola lezinyawo yase-Sweden i-Gothenburg ezicoco zeligi ezi-5 ngeminyaka yawo-1990, ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye umphathi emlandweni weligi yase-Sweden. Manje eminyakeni yakhe yama-60, uGustafsson usabambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwentsha lweqembu. “Sizamile ukufundisa izingane ezineminyaka engu-12 ukwenza i-Barcelona Triangle ngokuzijwayeza ngamabomu futhi zakhula ngokushesha okukhulu kumaviki amahlanu. Bafinyelele lapho benza khona inombolo efanayo yamaphase amathathu njengeFC Barcelona emdlalweni wokuncintisana. Vele, lokhu akufani ncamashi nokusho ukuthi bahle njengeBarcelona, kodwa bekumangalisa ukuthi bangafunda ngokushesha kangakanani, ”kusho yena.
Ngokwenza ngamabomu, impendulo ibalulekile. Kubadlali bakaGustafsson, ividiyo isiyithuluzi elinjalo lokunikeza impendulo ngokushesha. “Uma nje utshela umdlali ukuthi enzeni angase angasitholi isithombe esifana nesakho. Kumele azibone aqhathanise nomdlali owenze ngendlela ehlukile. Abadlali abancane bakhululekile kakhulu ngamavidiyo. Bajwayele ukuzithwebula bona kanye nomunye. Njengomqeqeshi, kunzima ukunikeza wonke umuntu impendulo, ngoba unabadlali abangu-20 eqenjini. Umkhuba wamabomu uwukunikeza abantu ithuba lokuzinika impendulo,” kusho uGustafsson.
UGustafsson ugcizelela ukuthi uma umqeqeshi eshesha ukukhuluma okucabangayo, kuba yigugu kakhulu. Ngokulungisa amaphutha ekuqeqesheni, uchitha isikhathi esincane wenza konke okungalungile.
"Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalokho inhloso yomsubathi, kudingeka bafune ukufunda," kusho uHugh McCutcheon, umqeqeshi we-volleyball oyinhloko eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota. UMcCutcheon wayengumqeqeshi oyinhloko weqembu le-volleyball labesilisa laseMelika elazuza igolide kuma-Olympics e-Beijing ka-2008, eminyakeni engu-20 ngemva kwendondo yakhe yegolide yangaphambilini. Ube esethatha iqembu labesifazane walihola emalini emidlalweni ebiseLondon ngo-2012. “Sinomsebenzi wokufundisa, futhi banomsebenzi wokufunda,” kusho uMcCutcheon. “Ithafa liyiqiniso ozolwa nalo. Abantu abadlula kulokhu balungisa amaphutha abo. Azikho izinsuku zoshintsho lapho usuka kulogi uye kuchwepheshe. Ithalente alivamile. Abantu abaningi abanamakhono. Futhi okuyivelakancane ithalente, ugqozi nokubekezela.”
Kungani Isakhiwo Sibalulekile
Kweminye yemisebenzi eyenziwa nguDeutsch, kwase kunendlela yokufunda enqunywe kusengaphambili, njengokubamba ngekhanda ikhadi lamakhadi, lapho ethi u-90% wendlela yenziwa kahle. UDeutsch ubefuna ukusebenzisa umkhuba wamabomu enkingeni engacacile engadinga ukuthi azenzele elakhe isu: ukuxazulula iphazili ye-New York Times Saturday. Uthi lezi zimpicabadala bezithathwa njengezinzima kakhulu ukuthi zingaxazululwa ngendlela ehlelekile, kodwa ubecabanga ukuthi angasebenzisa izindlela azifunde ezinkingeni ezedlule ukuze azixazulule.
“Uma ngazi izinkomba ezingu-6000 ezivame kakhulu, lokho kuzongisiza kangakanani ukuxazulula iphazili? Iphazili elula izokusiza ukuthi uthole impendulo kwenzima kakhulu. Nakhu engikwenzile: Ngasebenzisa isihluthulelo sokuqukethwe kusayithi labo ukuze ngithole idatha, ngase ngisebenzisa uhlelo ukuze ngiyibambe ngekhanda. Ngifunde lezo zimpendulo ezingu-6000 ngesonto,” kusho uDeutsch.
Ngenkuthalo eyanele, wakwazi ukufunda yonke le mikhondo evamile. UDeutsch wabe esebheka ukuthi amaphazili akhiwa kanjani. Ezinye izinhlanganisela zezinhlamvu kungenzeka zilandele ezinye, ngakho-ke uma ingxenye yegridi iphelele, inganciphisa amathuba ezikhala ezisele ngokususa amagama angenakwenzeka. Ukwandisa ulwazimagama lwakhe kwaba yingxenye yokugcina yenguquko ukusuka ku-novice crossword solver kuya ekubeni uchwepheshe.
"Ngokujwayelekile, sithatha kancane lokho esingakwenza ngesikhathi esifushane futhi sibheke ngokweqile ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze senze okuthile," kusho uDeutsch, owaphumelela kakhulu ezinkingeni ezingu-11 kwezingu-12 (ukuwina umdlalo we-chess kuphunyukile Kuye). “Ngokwakha ukwakheka, ususa umsindo wengqondo. Ukucabanga ukuthi uzowufeza kanjani umgomo wakho wehora elingu-1 ngosuku enyangeni akusona isikhathi esiningi, kodwa wagcina nini ukuchitha amahora angu-30 uqaphela ngokuthile okuthile?