Intsha yanamuhla ichitha isikhathi esiningi ibheka izikrini zamafoni ayo. Ngokwezibalo, izingane ezineminyaka engu-11 kuya kwengu-15 zibuka izikrini amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngosuku, futhi lokhu akubandakanyi isikhathi esichithwa kukhompyutha ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole. Eqinisweni, e-UK, ngisho nomuntu omdala ovamile uye wabonwa ukuthi achitha isikhathi esiningi ebuka isikrini kunokulala.
Iqala kakade ebuntwaneni. E-UK, ingxenye yesithathu yezingane ikwazi ukuthola ithebhulethi ngaphambi kokuba ibe neminyaka emine.
Akumangalisi ukuthi izizukulwane zanamuhla ezisencane zisheshe zivezwe futhi zijoyine izinkundla zokuxhumana esezisetshenziswa abantu abadala. Isibonelo, i-Snapchat idume kakhulu phakathi kwentsha. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngoDisemba 2017 luveze ukuthi u-70% wentsha eneminyaka engu-13-18 uyayisebenzisa. Iningi labaphendulile nabo bane-akhawunti ye-Instagram.
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu manje sebebhalisiwe ezingosini zokuxhumana noma abaningana. Sichitha isikhathi esiningi lapho, ngokwesilinganiso amahora angu-2-3 ngosuku.
Lo mkhuba ukhombisa imiphumela ekhathazayo, futhi ngokubheka ukuthandwa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana, abacwaningi bafuna ukuthola ukuthi unamuphi umthelela ezintweni ezehlukene zempilo yethu, okuhlanganisa nokulala, ukubaluleka kwakho okutholwa kakhulu.
Isimo asibukeki sikhuthaza kakhulu. Abacwaningi bayavumelana neqiniso lokuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zinomthelela omubi ekulaleni kwethu kanye nempilo yethu yengqondo.
UBrian Primak, umqondisi weSikhungo Sezifundo Zezindaba, Ubuchwepheshe Nezempilo eNyuvesi yasePittsburgh, waba nesithakazelo kumthelela wezokuxhumana emphakathini njengoba waqala ukubamba ezimpilweni zethu. Kanye noJessica Levenson, umcwaningi wase-University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, uhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kobuchwepheshe nempilo yengqondo, ephawula okuhle nokubi.
Uma bebheka ukuxhumana phakathi kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nokudangala, bebelindele ukuthi kuzoba nomphumela okabili. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amanethiwekhi omphakathi ngezinye izikhathi angakhulula ukucindezeleka futhi ngezinye izikhathi akhulise - umphumela onjalo uzoboniswa ngendlela yejika elithi "u-shaped" kugrafu. Nokho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwabantu abangaba ngu-2000 yabamangaza abacwaningi. Kwakungekho nhlobo ijika - umugqa wawuqondile futhi utshekile endaweni engathandeki. Ngamanye amazwi, ukusabalala kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwamathuba okucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nemizwa yokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi.
“Ngokuqondile, ungathi: lo muntu uxhumana nabangane, ubathumelela ukumamatheka nezithonjana, unokuxhumana okuningi nabantu, unothando olukhulu. Kodwa sithole ukuthi abantu abanjalo bazizwa bebodwa,” kusho uPrimak.
Isixhumanisi asicacile, noma kunjalo: ingabe ukucindezeleka kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana, noma ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana kwandisa ukucindezeleka? U-Primack ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungasebenza ngazo zombili izindlela, kwenze isimo sibe yinkinga nakakhulu njengoba “kungenzeka kube khona umbuthano ononya.” Lapho umuntu ecindezeleka kakhulu, kulapho evame ukusebenzisa khona izinkundla zokuxhumana, okwenza impilo yakhe yengqondo ibe nzima nakakhulu.
Kodwa kunomunye umphumela ophazamisayo. Ocwaningweni lwangoSepthemba 2017 lwentsha engaphezu kuka-1700, uPrimak nozakwabo bathola ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenzelana kwezokuxhumana, isikhathi sosuku sidlala indima ebalulekile. Isikhathi senkundla yezokuxhumana esichithwa imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokulala sibalwe njengembangela ehamba phambili yokungalali kahle ebusuku. "Futhi lokhu kuzimele ngokuphelele esilinganisweni sesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ngosuku," kusho uPrimak.
Ngokusobala, ukuze ulale kahle, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe okungenani kuleyo mizuzu engama-30. Kunezici eziningana ezingase zichaze lokhu. Okokuqala, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhishwa ezikrinini zefoni kucindezela i-melatonin, ikhemikhali elisitshela ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokulala. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kwandisa ukukhathazeka phakathi nosuku, okwenza kube nzima ukulala. UPrimak uthi: “Lapho sizama ukulala, siyakhungatheka futhi sihlukunyezwe imicabango nemizwa enokuhlangenwe nakho. Okokugcina, isizathu esisobala kakhulu: izinkundla zokuxhumana zilinga kakhulu futhi zivele zinciphise isikhathi esichithwa ekulaleni.
Ukuzivivinya umzimba kwaziwa ukusiza abantu balale kangcono. Futhi isikhathi esisichitha kumafoni ethu sinciphisa isikhathi esisichitha sishukumisa umzimba. “Ngenxa yezinkundla zokuxhumana siphila impilo yokungenzi lutho. Uma une-smartphone esandleni sakho, mancane amathuba okuthi unganyakazi, ugijime futhi uzulise izingalo zakho. Ngaleli zinga, sizoba nesizukulwane esisha esingeke sinyakaze,” kusho u-Arik Sigman, umfundisi ozimele wemfundo yezempilo yezingane.
Uma ukusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kukhulisa ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka, lokhu kungase kuthinte ukulala. Uma ulala ulele embhedeni uqhathanisa ukuphila kwakho nama-accounts abanye abantu abamaka ukuthi #feelingblessed and #myperfectlife and full of photosshopped, ungase uqale ucabange ukuthi impilo yakho iyabhora, lokho kuzokwenza uzizwe unzima kakhulu futhi kuvimbele ukuthi ungalali.
Futhi ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi konke kuxhumene kulolu daba. Inkundla yezokuxhumana iye yaxhunyaniswa nokwanda kokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokungalali kahle. Futhi ukuntuleka kokulala kungaba yingozi kokubili impilo yengqondo futhi kube umphumela wezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.
Ukuswela ubuthongo kuneminye imiphumela engemihle futhi: kuhlotshaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala, ukusebenza kabi ezifundweni, ukusabela kancane lapho ushayela, ukuziphatha okuyingozi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa… uhlu luyaqhubeka.
Okubi nakakhulu, ukuswela ubuthongo kuvame ukubonakala entsheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubusha buyisikhathi sezinguquko ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu.
U-Levenson uphawula ukuthi inkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nezincwadi nocwaningo kulo mkhakha kuyakhula futhi kuyashintsha ngokushesha kangangokuthi kunzima ukuhambisana nakho. “Okwamanje, sinesibopho sokuhlola imiphumela - emihle nemibi,” usho kanje. “Umhlaba usuqala ukubheka umthelela wezinkundla zokuxhumana empilweni yethu. Othisha, abazali, nodokotela bezingane kufanele babuze intsha: Basebenzisa kangaki izinkundla zokuxhumana? Ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku? Kubenza bazizwe kanjani?
Ngokusobala, ukuze unciphise umthelela omubi wezinkundla zokuxhumana empilweni yethu, kuyadingeka ukuzisebenzisa ngokulinganisela. U-Sigman uthi kufanele sibeke eceleni izikhathi ezithile phakathi nosuku lapho singasusa khona izingqondo zethu ezikrinini zethu, futhi senze okufanayo ezinganeni. Abazali, uthi, kufanele baklame amakhaya abo ukuze angabi namadivayisi “ukuze izinkundla zokuxhumana zingangeni kuzo zonke izingxenye zempilo yakho unomphela.” Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba izingane zingakabi namazinga anele okuzithiba ukuze zazi ukuthi kufanele ziyeke nini.
Kuvuma uPrimak. Akabizi ukuthi uyeke ukusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana, kodwa uphakamisa ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kungakanani - futhi ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku - ukwenze.
Ngakho-ke, uma ubuphenya okuphakelayo kwakho izolo ebusuku ngaphambi kokulala, futhi namuhla uzizwa uphelelwe uhlobo, mhlawumbe ngesinye isikhathi ungakulungisa. Beka ifoni yakho phansi isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokulala futhi uzozizwa ungcono ekuseni.