Ulwazi nokuhlola kuya ngokuya kuncipha kancane kancane ohlelweni lwemfundo yomhlaba wonke. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesikole ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bezingane ngokomzwelo, kusho uthisha uDavide Antoniazza. Ukhulume ngezinzuzo zokufunda kwezenhlalo-ngokomzwelo engxoxweni abe nayo nePsychology.
Kumuntu wanamuhla, ikhono lokusungula ukuxhumana libaluleke ngaphezu kokwazi yonke into, kusho uDavid Antognazza, uprofesa eSwiss University of Applied Sciences futhi ongumsekeli wezinguquko zesikole. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nothisha siyaqiniseka ukuthi umhlaba udinga isizukulwane esisha sabantu abafundile ngokomzwelo abangeke baqonde ingqikithi nomthelela wemizwa ezimpilweni zethu, kodwa futhi bazokwazi ukuzilawula nokusebenzelana ngokuzwana nabanye.
Psychology: Siyini isisekelo sohlelo lokufunda ngokomzwelo (SEL) oze ngalo eMoscow nendaba?
Davide Antoniazza: Into elula: ukuqonda ukuthi ubuchopho bethu busebenza kokubili ngendlela enengqondo (yokuqonda) kanye nemizwa. Zombili lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zibalulekile ohlelweni lokuqonda. Futhi zombili kufanele zisetshenziswe ngenkuthalo emfundweni. Kuze kube manje, ukugcizelelwa ezikoleni kungokwengqondo kuphela. Ochwepheshe abaningi, kuhlanganise nami, bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu «kuhlanekezela» kudinga ukulungiswa. Ngalokhu, kwakhiwa izinhlelo zemfundo ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bemizwa (EI) ezinganeni zesikole. Basebenza kakade e-Italy naseSwitzerland, e-United States, e-Great Britain, e-Israel nakwamanye amazwe amaningi asebenza ngenkuthalo kulokhu. Lesi yisidingo somgomo: ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bemizwa kusiza izingane ziqonde abanye abantu, zilawule imizwa yazo, futhi zenze izinqumo ezingcono. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ezikoleni lapho izinhlelo ze-SEL zisebenza khona, isimo somzwelo siyathuthuka futhi izingane zixhumana kangcono nomunye nomunye - konke lokhu kuqinisekiswa yimiphumela yezifundo eziningi.
Usho isidingo somgomo. Kodwa emva kwakho konke, injongo yokuhlola ingenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ocwaningweni nasekukalweni kobuhlakani bomzwelo. Zonke izivivinyo ze-EI ezinkulu zisekelwe ekuzihloleni kwabahlanganyeli noma embonweni wochwepheshe abathile okungenzeka banephutha. Futhi isikole sakhelwe ngokunembile esifisweni sokuhlolwa okuhlosiwe kolwazi. Ingabe kukhona ukuphikisana lapha?
YEBO.: Ngicabanga ukuthi akunjalo. Singase singavumelani ekuhloleni okuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqhawe ezincwadi zakudala noma ukuthi yimiphi imizwa umuntu aba nayo esithombeni (okunye kokuhlolwa okwaziwayo kokuhlola izinga le-EI). Kodwa ezingeni eliyisisekelo kakhulu, ngisho nengane encane ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa isipiliyoni senjabulo kusukela ekuhlangenwe nakho kosizi, lapha ukungafani akufakiwe. Nokho, ngisho amamaki awabalulekile, kubalulekile ukujwayelana nemizwa. Zikhona ekuphileni kwezingane zesikole nsuku zonke, futhi umsebenzi wethu ukuzinaka, ukufunda ukuzibona, futhi, ngokufanelekile, ukuzilawula. Kodwa okokuqala - ukuqonda ukuthi ayikho imizwelo emihle nemibi.
“Izingane eziningi ziyesaba ukuvuma ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, zithukuthele noma zidabukile”
Usho ukuthini?
YEBO.: Izingane eziningi ziyesaba ukuvuma ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, zithukuthele noma zidabukile. Zinjalo izindleko zemfundo yanamuhla, efuna ukwenza wonke umuntu abe muhle. Futhi kulungile. Kodwa akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuba nemizwa engemihle. Ake sithi izingane zidlale ibhola ngesikhathi sekhefu. Neqembu labo lihluliwe. Ngokwemvelo, beza ekilasini besesimweni esibi. Umsebenzi kathisha wukubachazela ukuthi ulwazi abanalo luyiqiniso. Ukuqonda lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde ngokwengeziwe uhlobo lwemizwelo, uyiphathe, uqondise amandla abo ukuze ufeze imigomo ebalulekile nedingekayo. Okokuqala esikoleni, bese kuba empilweni jikelele.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthisha ngokwakhe kufanele aqonde kahle uhlobo lwemizwa, ukubaluleka kokuqwashisa nokuphatha kwabo. Phela othisha sekungamashumi eminyaka begxile kakhulu ezinkomba zokusebenza.
YEBO.: Uqinisile impela. Futhi othisha ezinhlelweni ze-SEL badinga ukufunda okuningi njengabafundi. Kuyangithokozisa ukuqaphela ukuthi cishe bonke othisha abasebasha bakhombisa ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bezingane ngokomzwelo futhi bakulungele ukufunda.
Baqhuba kanjani othisha abanolwazi?
YEBO.: Angikwazi ngisho nokusho amaphesenti aqondile alabo abeseka imibono ye-SEL, nalabo abakuthola kunzima ukuyamukela. Kukhona nothisha abakuthola kunzima ukuzihlela kabusha. Lokhu kuhle. Kodwa ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ikusasa lisekufundweni kwezenhlalo-ngokomzwelo. Futhi labo abangeke bakulungele ukukwamukela cishe kuyodingeka bacabange ngokushintsha imisebenzi. Kuzoba ngcono kuwo wonke umuntu.
“Othisha abahlakaniphe ngokomzwelo babhekana kangcono nokucindezeleka futhi abathambekele ekubeni nokutubeka kochwepheshe”
Kubonakala sengathi uphakamisa uguquko olwenzekayo lohlelo lwemfundo ngokwalo?
YEBO.: Ngingathanda ukukhuluma ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Isidingo soshintsho sesivuthiwe. Sisungule futhi sabona ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bemizwa. Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo: faka ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ezinqubweni zemfundo. Ngendlela, uma sikhuluma ngokubaluleka kwe-SEL kothisha, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi othisha abahlakaniphe kakhulu ngokomzwelo babhekana kangcono nokucindezeleka futhi abajwayele ukutubeka ngokomsebenzi.
Ingabe izinhlelo zokufunda ezithinta imizwa yomphakathi ziyayicabangela indima yabazali? Phela, uma sikhuluma ngokukhula ngokomzwelo kwezingane, indawo yokuqala ayiyona eyesikole, kodwa emndenini.
YEBO.: Kunjalo. Futhi izinhlelo ze-SEL zibandakanya abazali ngenkuthalo emzileni wabo. Othisha batusa izincwadi namavidiyo kubazali angasiza, futhi emihlanganweni yabazali nothisha nasezingxoxweni zomuntu ngamunye, banaka kakhulu izindaba zokukhula kwemizwelo yezingane.
Sekwanele?
YEBO.: Kubonakala kimi ukuthi noma yibaphi abazali abafuna ukubona izingane zabo zijabule futhi ziphumelela, okuphambene kakade kuyi-pathology. Futhi ngisho nangaphandle kokwazi imithetho eyisisekelo yokuthuthukiswa kokuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo, eqondiswa uthando yedwa, abazali bayakwazi ukwenza okuningi. Futhi izincomo nezinto zothisha zizosiza labo abanikela isikhathi esincane ezinganeni, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuba matasa kakhulu emsebenzini. Udonsela ukunaka kwabo ekubalulekeni kwemizwa. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imizwa akufanele ihlukaniswe okuhle nokubi, akufanele ibe namahloni. Yebo, ngeke sithi izinhlelo zethu zizoba iresiphi yomhlaba wonke yenjabulo kuyo yonke imindeni. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha kuhlala kunabantu, kulokhu, nabazali. Kodwa uma benesithakazelo ngempela enjabulweni nempumelelo yezingane zabo, khona-ke ukukhetha okuvuna ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EI sekuvele kusobala namuhla.