umjunipha onwabuzelayo

Vele, awukwazi ukugijima ngaphandle kwezicathulo otshanini obunjalo, ngeke ushise ilanga kuwo, kodwa uma kudingeka i-green meadow ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa, inketho engcono kakhulu ukuyitshala ngemijunipha enwabuzelayo. Abafuni ukushiya, bahlobisa kokubili ebusika nasehlobo. Kodwa okujabulisa kakhulu, kuleli qembu lama-conifers kunenani elikhulu lezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, ukuze ukwakheka ezweni kungenziwa kungabi buthuntu, kodwa kukhanye futhi kubhalwe. Isibonelo, ngesitayela semfashini se-patchwork (patchwork).

Ngokuvamile, konke kuncike emcabangweni wakho. Sizophakamisa kuphela ukuthi yimiphi imijunipha enwabuzelayo engasetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso. Zonke zifushane futhi zikhula kahle ngobubanzi.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zejunipha ezinwabuzelayo

Kukhona amajunipha ahlukene anomumo wesihlahla esinwabuzelayo, kodwa izinhlobo ezi-4 zivame ukuthengiswa ezikhungweni zengadi.

I-Juniperus vulgaris

Le ndoda enhle ingatholakala emahlathini aseSiberia nasemahlathini aseYurophu. Lapho, umjunipha ovamile yisihlahla esingamamitha angu-5-10 ukuphakama. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lunamafomu nezinhlobonhlobo ezingadluli ku-30 ​​cm ubude. Zonke azithobekile ngokwedlulele futhi zingakhula cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo (1).

Ukhaphethi Oluhlaza. Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezinobude obungama-cm ayi-10 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifinyelela ku-1,5 m ububanzi. Izinaliti zayo ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ngombala, zithambile, azinameva.

Ikhula kahle elangeni nasemthunzini oyingxenye. Yenza ngaphandle kokuchelela. Imila kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Imelana kalula nesithwathwa esifinyelela ku-40 ° C.

Ngendlela, lena yizinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomjunipha ovamile, ungayithola cishe kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sengadi.

I-Repanda (Repanda). Ifomu elinwabuzelayo elinwabuzelayo, eliyindilinga futhi liyisicaba, alikho ngaphezu kuka-30 cm ukuphakama, lifinyelela ku-1,5 m ububanzi. Izinaliti zithambile, azihlikihli neze. Izinhlobonhlobo eziqinile kakhulu. Ukunisela akudingekile. Ayiqhwa ebusika.

Ezikhungweni zengadi, itholakala kaningi njengezinhlobonhlobo ze-Green Carpet. Futhi ngendlela, ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela esikhundleni sotshani, kodwa futhi nophahla oluluhlaza.

I-Spotty Spreader (Isabalalisa esinamabala). Izinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo zifinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama no-2 m ububanzi. Izinaliti zithambile, ziluhlaza, zinamabala amhlophe axakile. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithanda ukukhanya. Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ufanelekile. Ukunisela akudingekile. Iqinile kakhulu ebusika.

I-Juniper scaly

Lolu hlobo lwafika ezingadini zethu luvela ezintabeni zaseShayina - lapho lukhula lufike ku-1,5 m ubude. Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi ezithakazelisayo, kodwa zonke zide. Futhi eyodwa kuphela efaneleka utshani.

Ukhaphethi Oluhlaza (Ukhaphethi we-Вlue). Ikhula ngendlela yesihlahla esiyisicaba esingama-30 cm ukuphakama kanye no-1,2 - 1,5 m ububanzi. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengenye yejuniper engcono kakhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka! Kodwa ihlaba kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba ayohlala otshanini kude nezindlela.

Ukuzithoba kakhulu engadini. Imila kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Ngokulinganayo uhlala elangeni nasemthunzini oyingxenye. Ilungele ukukhula ophahleni lwendlu. Ibusika kahle emzileni ophakathi nendawo, kodwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho (iSt. Petersburg nangaphezulu) ngezinye izikhathi kuba yiqhwa. Ikhula kancane.

I-Juniper Juniper

Kakade kusukela egameni kuyacaca ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithanda ukugoqa phansi. Kodwa-ke, ezweni lakubo, ogwini lwase-Atlantic eMelika, isakhula ifike ku-1 m.

Kodwa manje ungathola okuthengiswayo inani elikhulu lamafomu angadluli ku-30 ​​cm. Okudingayo nje ukuze uthole utshani obuhlala buluhlaza!

I-Blue Chip (I-Вlue Chip). I-dwarf yakha ifike ku-30 ​​cm ukuphakama futhi ifike ku-1,2 m ububanzi. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ziminyene futhi zine-prickly, ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshala utshani obunjalo kude ezindleleni. Ikhula kancane. Photophilous, undemanding emhlabathini. Ibekezelela kahle isithwathwa esinamandla. Kodwa akathandi umswakama omile kanye nosawoti. Lapho utshala, udinga ukwenza i-drainage enhle.

I-Ice Blue (I-Icee Blue). I-dwarf ayidluli ku-15 cm ukuphakama, kodwa inamagatsha amade kakhulu akha ukhaphethi omuhle ominyene ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobubanzi obungafika ku-2,5 m! Kusehlobo. Futhi ebusika, izinaliti zithola i-purple-plum hue.

Le juniper imelana kakhulu nokushisa nesomiso, ibekezelela kalula ukufakelwa kabusha, futhi ijwayela ngokuphawulekayo endaweni entsha. Kodwa kukhona futhi ama-whims amancane: athanda umhlabathi ovulekile (akhula kabi kakhulu emhlabathini osindayo), ukukhanya okuningi kanye nomswakama.

Prince of Wales (INkosana yaseWales). Isihlahlana esingama-30 cm ukuphakama no-2,5 m ububanzi. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehlobo, futhi zithola umbala obomvu ebusika. Ikhula kancane. Uthanda ilanga eligcwele kodwa uyakwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi othile. Incamela inhlabathi emanzi exekethile. UMorozov akesabi.

Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.

Guqa (I-Рrostrata). Ubude balo mjunipha abukho ngaphezu kuka-30 cm, kodwa ubude bamahlumela buyamangaza - anwebeka emhlabathini aze afike ku-4 m! Ngakho-ke esihlahleni esisodwa uthola ukucwengwa okuphelele.

Izinhlobonhlobo eziqinile kakhulu.

AbakwaWiltons (Wiltonii). Mhlawumbe uhlobo oludume kakhulu lomjunipha ovundlile. Ubude bayo buyi-10 cm kuphela. Futhi yini ububanzi - akekho ongasho ngokuqinisekile, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula kancane kakhulu! Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuyitshala ngamaqembu amakhulu.

Ukuzithoba kakhulu ezingadini. Kodwa uyalithanda ilanga.

Ijunipha, isiShayina

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomjunipha. Uyathandwa emhlabeni wonke, abalimi bakhiphe izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, kodwa eyodwa kuphela efanelekile njengotshani.

i-fitzeriana compacta (I-Рfitzeriana compacta). Izihlahla zalo mjunipha ziyi-squat, ezingaba ngu-30 cm ukuphakama kanye no-1,8 m ububanzi. Izinaliti zithambile, ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Ikhula ngokushesha kunawo wonke amanye amajunipha. Futhi akanawo amagatsha anamandla, ngakho ubukeka njengotshani obunotshani kunabanye. Futhi ngendlela, inganqunywa.

Ukuzithoba kakhulu. Uthanda ukukhanya, kodwa ukhula kahle emthunzini oyingxenye. Isithwathwa, ngisho nesinzima, akesabi.

AMAQINISO ATHABISAYO

Ezindaweni lapho kutshalwe khona umjunipha, umoya uhlanzekile kakhulu. Isihlahla esisodwa sisusa isikhala esisizungezile ngeradiyasi efinyelela ku-5 m! Futhi ososayensi baye babala ukuthi ihektha elilodwa lalezi zihlahla liyahwamuka cishe u-30 kg we-phytoncides. Lokhu kwanele ukuhlanza umkhathi wedolobha elikhulu emagciwaneni. Ngendlela, odokotela bayeluleka: uma izingane zakho zivame ukubamba amakhaza, zivumele zidlale njalo eduze komjunipha.

Ezweni Lethu, imijunipha yayisetshenziswa njengomuthi (2). Amagatsha ejunipha abuye asetshenziswe ekushiseni (ukubulala amagciwane) izitsha nezinye iziqukathi zokhuni lapho izithelo, imifino namakhowe kwakugcinwa khona. Nangempela bawafaka emishanelweni yokugeza.

Ukutshala umjunipha onwabuzelayo

Amajunipha, athengiswa ezitsheni, angatshalwa kulo lonke ihlobo. Bamba umgodi wesihlahla ngasinye ngobubanzi obungama-50 cm. Kuyasiza ukubeka amanzi phansi - isitini esiphukile nesihlabathi.

"Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuhle ukucwilisa isitsha nesitshalo emanzini amahora ambalwa ukuze umhlaba ugcwale umswakama, ngakho izihlahla zizomila kangcono," kweluleka. isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Ukunakekelwa kwejuniper ezinwabuzelayo

Amajunipha ayizitshalo ezithobekile, kepha zonke zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Ikakhulukazi emva kokutshala - lesi yisikhathi esibucayi kubo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile izitshalo ziyafa ngonyaka wokuqala (3).

Ground

Izinhlobo eziningi zomjunipha azifuni ukuvunda komhlabathi, zingakhula ngisho nakwabampofu. Kodwa kungcono uma i-loam ekhanyayo noma i-sandy loam ene-acid reaction kancane (pH 5 - 6,5).

Emhlabathini wobumba osindayo ngaphansi kwesihlahla sojunipha, kungcono ukumba umgodi onobubanzi obungama-60 cm nokujula okufanayo. Futhi uyigcwalise ngengxube ye-peat, umhlaba we-sod nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-2: 1: 1. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthululela u-15 - 20 cm we-drainage phansi - ubumba olwandisiwe noma izitini eziphukile.

Lighting

Amajunipha akhula kahle endaweni evulekile nasemthunzini. Elangeni, izihlahla zabo zihlangene kakhulu, ngaphansi kombhede wezihlahla, amahlumela azo anwebeka kancane.

Futhi enye into: izinhlobo ezinenaliti zegolide kanye ne-variegated, okungukuthi, ezinombala ohlukanisiwe, zilahlekelwa ukukhanya kwazo emthunzini - ziba cishe zibe luhlaza. Futhi babonisa bonke ubuhle babo ezindaweni ezinelanga kuphela.

Umswakama

Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala isithombo, udinga ukunisela kanye ngesonto, ibhakede elingu-1 isihlahla ngasinye. Futhi okuhle kunakho konke kusuka ebhodweni lokunisela futhi eduze komqhele - amajuniper amancane athanda ukugeza.

"Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili, amajuniper angakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokunisela, kodwa ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside nokushisa okukhulu, kuyasiza ukuwachelela ngepayipi lokufafaza ukuze uvuselele umqhele," kuncoma. isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova. - Kwenze ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa.

umquba

Ngaphambi kokutshala emgodini, akukho manyolo okudingeka afakwe - azoba nemisoco eyanele esemhlabathini.

Ukudla

Amajunipha akhula kahle ngaphandle kokuvundisa. Kodwa uma ungeza i-nitroammophoska ngo-Ephreli, bayokujabulisa ngezinaliti ezikhanyayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ukuthulula i-peat encane ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Kodwa akukho cala awukwazi ukusebenzisa umlotha!

Ngaphansi komjunipha, awukwazi ukwenza umquba futhi unisele nge-potanganum permanganate! Uma kungenjalo, uzobulala isikhunta esizuzisayo esihlala ezimpandeni zalawa maconifers. Futhi ngaphandle kwabo, izihlahla zizofa.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha komjunipha onwabuzelayo

Indlela elula yokusabalalisa imijunipha enwabuzelayo ngokubeka izingqimba. Ukuma kwesihlahla kuzokuvumela ukuthi wenze lokhu ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Kungcono ukuqala ukusabalalisa ngokubeka izingqimba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli - kulokhu, uzoba nesithombo esenziwe ngomumo kulo nyaka, singavinjezelwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kodwa ungakwenza lokhu ehlobo, kuphela kuzodingeka ukuthi udlulisele isendlalelo endaweni entsha ngonyaka ozayo.

Indlela ilula kakhulu - udinga ukugoba futhi ukhombe noma yiliphi igatsha eliphansi phansi. Thela indunduma encane yomhlaba phezu kwegatsha lapho uthintana nenhlabathi. Ukuze izimpande ziqale ukukhula, ukubeka izingqimba kufanele kuniselwe kanye ngesonto.

Izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo zomjunipha

Amajunipha awavamisile ukuthi ahlaselwe izinambuzane, nokho anezitha.

I-Coniferous spider mite. Ungayibona ngamachashaza amhlophe avela ezinalitini zomjunipha. Esiqongweni sokukhula kwezinambuzane, izihlahla zimbozwa ngama-cobwebs, futhi izinaliti ziqala ukuphenduka zibephuzi futhi ziwohloke. Izibungu zesicabucabu zizalela kakhulu esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesomile.

Ukulwa nezibungu zesicabucabu, noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali ngokumelene nemikhaza, isibonelo, i-Antiklesh, ifanelekile. Kulabo abamelene namakhemikhali esizeni, ukulungiswa kwezinto eziphilayo kunganconywa - i-Bitoxibacillin ne-Fitoverm. Kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kuphansi, ngokutheleleka okunamandla, bangase bangabi namsebenzi.

I-Juniper aphid. Akuwenzi umqondo ukuchaza i-aphid, wonke umuntu uyibonile. Ithinta ikakhulukazi amahlumela amasha.

Lesi zinambuzane singaqedwa ngosizo lweCalypso, Confidor, amalungiselelo eMospilan. Futhi kubalulekile ukulwa nezintuthwane - yizo ezithwala ama-aphid azungeze ingadi.

I-European juniper scale insect. Njengomthetho, bahlala emagxolweni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi bangabonakala ezinaliti nasezigabeni ezincane. Lezi izinambuzane eziyindilinga ezimbozwe isihlangu esiqinile esiphuzi ngokuphaphathekile. Banamathela ngokuqinile emahlumela futhi baphuze ijusi esitshalweni. Isinambuzane sesikali sibeka ingozi enkulu ezitshalweni ezincane - ngokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezinkulu, zivinjelwe kakhulu ekukhuleni, izinaliti ziba nsundu.

Akulula ukususa isinambuzane sesikali - sivikelwe igobolondo eliqinile. Ungayilwa kuphela ngosizo lwezinambuzane ze-systemic ezingena esitshalweni: Aktara, Calypso Confidor, Engio. Kudingeka ukucubungula imijunipha okungenani izikhathi ezi-3 ngesikhawu samaviki ama-2. Futhi isikhathi ngasinye udinga ukusebenzisa umuthi ohlukile.

I-Juniper mealybug. Lesi zinambuzane ngokuvamile sithelela amagatsha amancane. Abantu abadala bavame ukufihla kuma-axils ezinaliti engxenyeni engezansi yomqhele - abathandi ukukhanya kwelanga eliqondile. Kodwa ngenani elikhulu, bahlala kuzo zonke izinaliti. Ngenxa yalokho, iqala ukuphenduka ibe nsundu, imbozwe nge-sooty coating (lokhu kuhlangene nesifo sokukhunta), iphenduka ibe mnyama futhi iqhume.

Kunzima kakhulu ukuqeda lesi zinambuzane. Isidakamizwa i-Engio sizibonakalise kahle, kodwa singase singakwazi ukubhekana naso sisodwa - udinga ukwenza okungenani ukwelashwa oku-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10 futhi okungcono ngezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwe-Engio, ungasebenzisa i-Aktara, i-Calypso, i-Confidant, i-Confidor, i-Mospilan, i-Tanrek.

Ibhu le-Juniper miner. Leli uvemvane olunsundu oluncane olunamaphiko acishe abe ngu-1 cm. Yona ngokwayo ayinangozi, kodwa izibungu zayo zithanda ukudla izinaliti zikaphayini. Zinsundu ngokukhanyayo, zinemigqa emithathu egqamile ensundu ngokubomvu. Zivame ukuhlala phakathi komqhele, zingene ngaphakathi kwezinaliti futhi zenze izimayini. Izinambuzane zithinta cishe zonke izinhlobo zomjunipha, ngaphandle komjunipha weCossack. Ngaphezu kwakho konke uthanda umjunipha ovamile kanye nomjunipha oyintombi. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, kuze kufike ku-80% wezinaliti zingathinteka.

Ukulwa nezibungu zaleli bhu, kusetshenziswa kuphela amalungiselelo esistimu angena esitshalweni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iCalypso, Confidor, Engio. Kudingeka ukucubungula imijunipha okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Siphinde saphendula eminye yemibuzo evela kubahlali basehlobo isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. I-Salakhov NV, i-Ibragimova KK, i-Sungatullina NI Izimo ze-Ecological and phytocenotic zokukhula komjunipha ovamile (J. communis) // Uchenye zapiski we-Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. NE Bauman, 2012. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekologo-fitotsenoticheskie-usloviya-proizrastaniya-mozhzhevelnika-obyknovennogo-j-communis-v-rt
2. Pisarev DI, Novikov OO, Zhilyakova ET, Trifonov BV, Novikova M. Yu. kanye nedatha yakho) // Izinkinga zangempela zemithi, 2013. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/covremennye-znaniya-i-sostoyanie-issledovaniy-v-oblasti-sistematiki-i-morfologii-rasteniy-roda-juniperus - l-obzor-i-property-dannye
3. I-Provorchenko AV, i-Biryukov SA, i-Sedina Yu.V., i-Provorchenko OA Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokutshala zejunipha kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezinto ezibonakalayo // I-polythematic network electronic science journal ye-Kuban State Agrarian University, 2013. https://cyberleninka .ru/article/n/effektivnost-proizvodstva-posadochnogo-materiala-mozhzhevelnikov-v-zavisimosti -ot-vida-ishodnogo-materiala