I-spruce yaseCanada

I-spruce yaseCanada (I-Picea glauca) yaziwa kubalimi njengespruce esimpunga noma isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu. Lawa magama abonisa okungavamile kwezinaliti - ngaphansi kwayo kunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-omhlophe. Izinhlobonhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-spruce yaseCanada yi-Konika. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zesimo sezulu, ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zitshalwa ngempumelelo.

Izwe le-spruce laseCanada yiNyakatho Melika, lapho ungathola khona ama-specimens cishe iminyaka engama-300. Uma ubheka izinhlobo ezincane zespruce zaseCanada, ezitshalwa kakhulu ezingadini zethu, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi emvelweni lesi yisihlahla esikhulu esingamamitha angama-25-35 ukuphakama, futhi singakhula ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima zase-Alaska (1) .

Izinhlobo ze-spruce zaseCanada

Imvelo kanye nemizamo yabalimi inikeze abalimi izihlahla eziningi ezinhle, ngezinye izikhathi ezincane, zikaKhisimusi ezinomumo ohluke kakhulu womqhele. Eziningi zazo ziwukuguqulwa kwesihlahla esidume kakhulu saseCanada, i-Konik. 

Umbala wezinaliti ze-spruce yaseCanada awugcini nje ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa futhi uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Usayizi omncane, izinaliti ezithambile ezithambile, i-palette yombala - lezi zimfanelo zenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa kabanzi i-spruce yaseCanada ekwakhiweni kwe-landscape. 

I-spruce yaseCanada izizwa kahle ngokulinganayo kokubili ogwini lolwandle, isimo sezulu esinomswakama, nasezindaweni ezomile. Nokho, akuzona zonke ezikhula ngempumelelo ezifundeni eziningi. Futhi isizathu asikho kakhulu eqhweni, kodwa emandleni abuthakathaka okumelana nokushiswa yilanga ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

I-Alberta Globe. Isitshalo esincane esingafika ku-1 m ukuphakama esinomqhele oyindilinga ofinyelela ku-1,2 m ububanzi, esinezinaliti ezithambile eziluhlaza. Akubukeki nje njengoKonika, kodwa kuwushintsho lwalolu hlobo. 

Ukumelana nesithwathwa kumaphakathi, ukumelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike ku--32 ° С. Ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga, kodwa ilungele izindawo ezinomthunzi okhanyayo. Idinga ukuchelela njalo nokumboza ngeziqu zezihlahla. 

Isitshalo se-coniferous esifanele izingadi ezinamatshe noma esikhula ezitsheni.

I-Echiniformis (i-Echiniformis). Ithathwa njengenhlobo encanyana kakhulu futhi ekhula kancane: lapho ineminyaka engama-30 isuke icishe ibe ngaphezu kuka-0,6 m ubude kanye nemitha eyi-1 ububanzi. Umqhele uyindilinga, kodwa uba isicaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-pillow spruce. Izinaliti zincane futhi zifushane, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukumelana nesithwathwa kumaphakathi, ukumelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike ku--32 ° С. Idinga indawo ekhanyayo, inhlabathi ekhishwe kahle, ukuchelela njalo kanye nokumboza ngeziqu ezizungezile.

Isitshalo esihle se-coniferous sezingadi ezinamatshe ne-heather, ama-mixborders.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili kanye ne-Konika zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, kodwa kufanele unake abanye:

• bluewonder) - ngomqhele omncane we-conical wombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho uneminyaka engama-30 ufinyelela ubude obungaba ngu-2 m, ububanzi bomqhele - 0,75 m; 
• Ukuphela Kothingo (Ukuphela Kothingo) - isitshalo esincane esinomqhele omise okwekhoni ofinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama onenaliti eziluhlaza entwasahlobo kanye nophuzi ogqamile ehlobo;
• Sanders Blue (Sanders blue) - I-spruce encane enomqhele omise okwe-cone 0,7 m ukuphakama ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• I-Daisy's White - isitshalo esincane esinomqhele oyindilinga ofinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama, izinaliti ezithambile eziluhlaza okotshani, umbala wokuqala ophuzi-omhlophe wesitshalo esisha;
• ushukelaloaf - isitshalo esinomqhele ominyene ofana nekhoni enombala oluhlaza ogqamile, 1,5 m ukuphakama futhi kufika ku-0,8 m ububanzi.

Ukutshala i-spruce yaseCanada 

Zonke izinhlobo ze-spruce zaseCanada ngokwesiko ezisetshenziswa ezingadini zihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokushiswa yilanga kwasebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Okusho ukuthi, badinga shading. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shading yokufakelwa ayigcini njalo. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala emthunzini oyingxenye, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezinye izitshalo ze-coniferous noma izihlahla eziminyene, kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinaliti zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zilahlekelwa umbala wazo ogqamile.

Ngakho-ke, lapho sifika, kufanele sicabangele amaphuzu angu-3:

• ukuthambekela kwezinaliti zethenda ukushisa - udinga ukuthola indawo lapho umphumela obhubhisayo welanga elikhanyayo uzoba mncane;
• isilinganiso sokumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobo eziningi - indawo yokufika kufanele ivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho;
• isistimu yempande engaphezulu yalolu hlobo lwe-spruce - ezindaweni ezomile, ukuchelela kuyodingeka. 

Ngemva kokukhetha indawo yokufika, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umgodi wokufika. Ayidingi ukwenziwa ibe nkulu kakhulu, ngoba izithombo ze-spruce zaseCanada zithengiswa kuphela ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, okungukuthi, ezitsheni. Kwanele ukuthi ububanzi bomgodi bukhulu ngo-10 cm kune-coma yobumba. Kodwa-ke, ukujula kufanele kwenziwe kakhulu ukuze kuhlelwe amanzi emhlabathini osindayo, futhi wengeze ubumba emhlabathini okhanyayo.

I-spruce itshalwe ngesistimu yezimpande evaliwe phakathi nayo yonke inkathi efudumele - kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Kubalulekile ukuchelela kahle emva kokutshala (1 - 2 ibhakede lamanzi ngesitshalo ngasinye) futhi umboze inhlabathi esiyingini se-trunk nge-mulch ewugqinsi ka-5 - 7 cm. Ungasebenzisa amagxolo, amapulangwe okhuni noma sawdust endala yamaconifers njengesimboza sezimbali.

Naka inhlabathi esitsheni - ukuba khona kwamabhola anemibala eminingi kubonisa ukuthi umanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside wawusetshenziswa lapho kukhula i-spruce. Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukubeka ibhakede elingu-1 lomquba ovuthwe kahle emgodini wokutshala.

Lapho betshala entwasahlobo ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesithombo amasonto angu-1-2, babeka izisekelo nge-agronet eyeluliwe ukuze bavikeleke emisebeni eshisayo yelanga. Lapho utshala ekwindla sekwephuzile, izisekelo zifakwa ngokushesha ukuze kwelulwe izikrini zokuzivikela ekuqaleni kobusika. Ukukhosela ekushisweni yilanga kufanele kwenziwe phakathi neminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-4 ngemva kokutshala.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-spruce yaseCanada

Ukukhulisa i-spruce yaseCanada kulula futhi kulula. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kuseminyakeni yokuqala engu-3-4 emva kokutshala: udinga ukulungiselela kahle izitshalo zasebusika ukuze uzivikele ekushiseni ilanga. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ifreyimu yokhuni ohlangothini oluseningizimu yesihlahla, lapho i-burlap, i-agro mesh noma i-non-woven material yelulelwa. Noma bopha isitshalo ngamagatsha e-spruce. Iphuzu elibalulekile: izinto zokumboza akufanele zihlangane nezinaliti. 

Futhi ngo-Okthoba kubalulekile ukuchelela ukushaja kwamanzi.

Ground

I-spruce yaseCanada ikhetha inhlabathi e-loamy, ecebile nge-humus ene-acidic kancane. Inhlabathi empofu neyomile, kanye nemanzi kakhulu, idinga ukunothisa. Ubumba lusetshenziswa enhlabathini eyomile, kanye nezinto zokudonsa amanzi emhlabathini omanzi. Inhlabathi ene-alkali idinga umanyolo ofaka i-asidi.

Lighting

Izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zezinhlobo eziningi ze-spruce zaseCanada zivela ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhanya, kodwa elangeni elikhanyayo ebusika nasentwasahlobo, izitshalo zihlushwa ukushisa - zidinga ukuvikelwa ebusika. 

Ukunisela

Uhlelo lwempande olukha phezulu ludinga ukuchelela okuvamile, kodwa okusesilinganisweni nokunisela okunekhwalithi ephezulu yokushaja umswakama ekwindla. I-spruce yaseCanada isabela kahle kakhulu ekufakweni kwamanzi: ehlobo kuhle ukwenza lokhu kanye ngesonto. 

Ivikela kahle inhlabathi ekumisweni kwe-mulching ngongqimba lwamagxolo luka-7 - 10 cm.

umquba

Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kuncike ezingeni lokuvunda komhlabathi. Emhlabathini otshalwe kahle futhi ocebile nge-humus, umanyolo awudingeki. Emhlabathini ovundile, lapho utshala, kwanele ukwengeza ibhakede lomquba ovuthiwe. 

Ukudla

Ama-spruces awadingi ukugqoka okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezishiswe yilanga zidinga ukondliwa ngomanyolo okhethekile wamaconifers. Ukuze ululame ngokushesha komqhele othintekile, ukufafaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyenziwa, kushintshana i-Epin (2) ne-Ferrovit.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-spruce yaseCanada 

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-spruce zaseCanada zitshalwa kusuka kusikwa. Leli yibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi, elinzima futhi elide.

Ukusikwa kuthathwa emagatsheni aphansi esihlahla ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-April ngosuku oluguqubele. Kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kokusikwa kwe-rooting ethathwe ezihlahleni ze-spruce engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni. Ukusika kufanele kube nobude obuyi-7 - 10 cm kanye nesithende (isiqephu segxolo le-trunk).

Usuku, ukusikwa kufakwa kusixazululo sesikhuthazi sokwakheka kwezimpande (Heteroauxin). Kubalulekile ukuthi isithende kuphela kanye no-1 cm wengxenye engezansi yokusika kukhona isisombululo.

Ukusika okulungiselelwe kutshalwa emabhokisini okusika noma amabhodwe ngamanye, kujule nge-engeli engu-30 ° ngo-2-3 cm. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula, ifakwe kahle (engeza isihlabathi somfula). Izimbiza zimbozwe ngembiza yengilazi, futhi izingcezu zimbozwe ngepulasitiki. 

Ukukhula kwezimpande kungathatha izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-12. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukufaka umoya ezindaweni zokukhosela kanye ngosuku, unisele inhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukuchelela kuma-pallets. Kabili ngenyanga, engeza isixazululo se-Heteroauxin noma i-Kornevin emanzini ukuze unisele.

Ukuze ukhule, ama-cuttings atshalwa esikoleni esihlelwe ngaphansi kwe-canopy yezihlahla. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2, izitshalo zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.

Izifo ze-spruce zaseCanada

Ukugqwala (spruce spinner). I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-fungus ye-pathogenic, engabonwa ngokuvuvukala okuncane kwe-orange emagxolweni. Ezitshalweni ezithintekile, izinaliti ziphenduka zibephuzi futhi ziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 

Ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha athintekile ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uwashise kanye nezinaliti eziwile. Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zelashwe ngeHom (copper oxychloride) (2) noma iRakurs.

Schütte (isikhunta seqhwa esinsundu). Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liyancibilika futhi amahlumela anezinaliti ezimhlophe avele obala. I-agent causative yalesi sifo ikhula ngokuqhubekayo ebusika emagatsheni ambozwe yiqhwa. 

Ukwelapha lesi sifo, kunconywa izidakamizwa i-Hom noma i-Rakurs (2). 

I-tracheomycosis (i-fusarium). Ibonakala kuma-spruces ngendlela yokugqoka okubomvu ezinalitini, eziqala ngokushesha ukuphenduka zibe nsundu futhi ziqhekeke. 

Lesi sifo asikho ngaphansi kokwelashwa, ngoba isikhunta se-pathogenic sithinta uhlelo lwezimpande. Kubalulekile ukumba nokushisa isitshalo esigulayo ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze lesi sifo singadluliswa kwamanye ama-conifers engadini. Inhlabathi ifakwe isibulala-magciwane nge-Fundazol (2).

Izinambuzane ze-spruce zaseCanada

I-spruce spider mite. Lesi zinambuzane sishiya amabala aphuzi ezinalitini, simboze amagatsha athintekile ngolwembu futhi sibangele ukuchithwa kwezinaliti.

Njengoba umkhaza unikeza izizukulwane ezi-5 ngesizini ngayinye, kuyadingeka ukufafaza izitshalo ezinegciwane okungenani izikhathi ezi-5, ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa i-Actellik, i-Antiklesch noma i-Fitoverm. 

Spruce isihlangu samanga. Ishiya umgwengwezi onamathelayo emagxolweni nezinaliti zezitshalo ezisencane, kubangela ukuchitheka kwezinaliti ezinsundu kanye nokugoba kwamahlumela. 

Ukuvikela izitshalo kulesi zinambuzane, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo e-systemic Aktara no-Konfidor. I-Actara idinga ukufafazwa hhayi ezihlahleni kuphela, kodwa naseziqwini zezihlahla.

I-spruce sawfly. Lesi sinambuzane sithelela i-spruce ngezibungu ezidla izinaliti, zenze ukuthi zibe nsundu futhi zichitheke. 

Isidakamizwa i-Pinocid sisebenza kakhulu ngokumelene ne-sawfly - bafafaza umqhele futhi banisele iziqu zesihlahla.

Izinambuzane ze-Coniferous. Izinambuzane ezincane ezinama-white bristles ngemuva. Ezinyangeni ezomile, ezishisayo zasehlobo, zanda ngokushesha, okwenza amahlumela angenwe yilesi sifo abukeke sengathi ambozwe isithwathwa. Izinaliti ziba phuzi futhi zigoqe ngenxa yalokho.

Ukulwa nesibungu, isidakamizwa i-Pinocid sisetshenziswa.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sibuze ngespruce saseCanada isazi sezolimo namahlathi u-Oleg Ispolatov - uphendule imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu yabahlali basehlobo.

Imithombo ye

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo ze-perennial herbaceous, woody coniferous and deciduous in urban landscaping // Coniferous boreal zone, 2013

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh-rasteniy-v-ozelenenii-gorodov

2. Ikhathalogi yezwe yezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngoJulayi 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/