Ushokoledi empeleni uqukethe i-chitin, iphrotheni yamaphela. Yiqiniso, akekho owengeza ngokuqondile lapho. Iqiniso liwukuthi kubhontshisi we-cocoa, okwenziwa ngawo ushokoledi, amakoloni amaphela asezindaweni ezishisayo avame ukuhlala. Lapho ubhontshisi we-cocoa uvunwa, ezinye zezitshalo zithola izinambuzane. Ngisho nangokwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, lapho ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngamabhontshisi we-cocoa asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaswidi, inani likashokoledi libuye linqunywe ngokuya ngenani le-chitin eliqukethe. Amaphesenti aphansi, izinga eliphezulu kanye ne-elite yebha elimnandi. Kwesinye isikhathi okuqukethwe kwamaphela kufinyelela ku-5%. Okusho ukuthi, uma udle amagremu angu-100 kashokoledi, cabanga ukuthi udle ama-5 amagremu amaphela.
Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi lokhu kuyimfihlo ngemuva kwezingidi eziyisikhombisa. Kunalokho, kuningi okuye kwabhalwa ngakho. Odokotela, kunjalo, nabo bayazi. Kodwa-ke, akekho umenzi ozobonisa ekubunjweni komkhiqizo, kanye ne-cocoa mass ne-vanilla, isithako esingavamile njenge-chitin! Kunoma yikuphi, ungesabi futhi ulahle ngokuphelele amaswidi akho owathandayo. Kuyinto evamile ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo iqukethe ukungcola. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo eziphakeme zikashokoledi noma nini lapho kungenzeka (kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-75%).
Ushokoledi omnyama we-Elite ubiza kakhulu, kodwa izinga lawo liphakeme kakhulu. Ubhontshisi kakhokho uhlanzwa ngokucophelela futhi iphesenti le-chitin emkhiqizweni mancane. ” Incwajana yoMnyango Wezempilo wase-US ethi “Food Defects Action Levels” kashokoledi ibala imikhawulo yokungcola kwemvelo kushokoledi ngendlela “yezinambuzane, amagundane nokunye ukungcola kwemvelo” okwamukelekayo yi-FDA. I-FDA ivumela izinsalela zezinambuzane noma izinwele zegundane ku-chocolate mass. Ipuleti elilula likashokoledi linesisindo esingamagremu angu-20. Ithebhulethi ngayinye enjalo ingaba nezinwele ezilodwa kanye noboya begundane nezingcezu eziyi-16 zezinambuzane.
Izinga lokungcoliswa kwempushana kashokoledi alikwazi ukudlula izinsalela zezinambuzane ezingama-75 ngamathisipuni amathathu empushana. Iziguli eziningi ezicabanga ukuthi azizwani noshokoledi empeleni azizwani nezingcezu zezilwane ezitholakala kushokoledi. Amaphesenti angu-4 kabhontshisi we-cocoa angangenwa izinambuzane. Okuqukethwe yimfucuza yezilwane - isb imfucuza yamagundane ebonakala ngeso lenyama - ivunyelwe uma ingeqi kuma-milligrams angama-20 ikhilogremu yomkhiqizo! Labo abathanda ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko bangabheka I-FDA Guidelines and Compliance Branch, Bureau of Foods [HFF-312]200 C.St.SW,Washington,DC 20204 ). Ngakho-ke lezi akuzona izinganekwane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisadla ucezu, nakuba kuvela ukuthi lokhu kuwumkhiqizo ongcolile. Njengalokhu 🙂
Futhi kuyathakazelisa ukwazi, kodwa ingabe izinambuzane azikhasi phezu kwezinhlamvu ezigciniwe? Awukwazi ukuzisindisa kukho konke. I-cocoa Powder Ukungcoliswa I-cocoa powder eyenziwe ngamabhontshisi we-cocoa wekhwalithi embi ingangcoliswa yizicucu zezinambuzane, ama-mycotoxins (ngenxa yokukhula kwesikhunta) nezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane. Kunezibonelo lapho, ngokukhuphuka kwentengo ye-cocoa powder, isitashi, i-carob powder, izinhlayiya zegobolondo le-cocoa, ngisho ne-iron oxide itholakala kuyo. Le ngozi ihlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nokuthengwa kwe-cocoa powder kubahlinzeki abangaqinisekisiwe. Kuze kube namuhla, bengingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kukashokoledi, kodwa ngenkathi ngidla elinye ibha likashokoledi wobisi omnandi kakhulu, ngatshelwa indaba kabhontshisi kakhokho ...
Ngamafuphi, ingqikithi iwukuthi lezi bhontshisi ze-cocoa zigaywe kanye ne-COCKROACHES kanye ne-BEETLE, ubukhulu bawo bungabonakala kuphela ephusheni elibi kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izilwane nobhontshisi (ngenxa yobuningi balezi zidalwa, kubonakala sengathi bahlala khona kulo bhontshisi). LE mpushana ithunyelwa emazweni ahlukene bese kwenziwa ushokoledi wangempela waseRussia, ushokoledi omnandi wase-Alpine, wenziwa ngawo. Swiss njll Kusuka emcabangweni owodwa. ukuthi ngidla i-MADAGASCAR ROCKCOAT KU-CHOCOLATE kuyangethusa.
Into eyodwa iyajabulisa, ayilimazi futhi ayiyona ingozi. Lamaphela emazweni amaningi (e-Afrika, e-Asia) athathwa njengento ewujuqu noma njengenjwayelo yokudla ... Iqiniso ngoshokoledi Lokhu ngeke kubhalwe kumalebula, kodwa: 1. Kuwumuthi 2. Uqukethe amaphela Ashisayo Ushokoledi une-theobromine, okuwubuthi obunamandla ezilwaneni eziningi . Ngakho-ke kumakati nezinja, isilinganiso esivamile esibulalayo singama-200 ... 300 mg / kg we-theobromine. Amahhashi nama-parrots nawo ayazwela kule nto.
Ubuthi bomuntu nge-theobromine lapho bedla ushokoledi buvalwa ngaphandle ngenxa ye-metabolism esheshayo ye-theobromine emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi, i-theobromine, ekubeni i-alkaloid eyinhloko kushokoledi, wayinika igama lesibili "ukudla konkulunkulu" (theo bromine). Ubhontshisi kakhokho ulethwa emazweni ashisayo ngezikhwama KANYE NAMAPHELA AMAQEPHU. Ubhontshisi namaphela kugaywe ndawonye ukwenza i-cocoa mass! Ubhontshisi wecocoa usesithelweni sesihlahla sikakhokho, izingcezu ezingama-30-50 lilinye, unomumo omise okwe-alimondi, ongaba ngu-2,5 cm ubude. Ubhontshisi uqukethe ingqikithi eqinile eyakhiwe ama-cotyledon amabili, i-embryo (ihlumela) kanye negobolondo eliqinile (igobolondo likakhokho). Ubhontshisi we-cocoa wezithelo ezisanda kuthathwa awunawo ukunambitheka nephunga elifana ne-chocolate ne-cocoa powder, unokunambitheka okubabayo nombala ophaphathekile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka nephunga elimnandi, zifakwa ngaphansi kokuvutshelwa futhi zomiswe emasimini.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zendaba eyomile kabhontshisi we-cocoa amafutha, ama-alkaloid - i-theobromine, i-caffeine (ngenani elincane), amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, ama-tannins namaminerali, ama-organic acid, ama-aromatic compounds, njll. Ukuvuna nokucubungula Izithelo ezikhula ngokuqondile esiqwini somuthi. zisikwa ngocelemba abahlanganisa abanolwazi. Ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokulimaza amagxolo esihlahla ukugwema izifo. Izithelo eziqoqiwe zisikwa ngocelemba zibe izingxenye eziningana futhi zibekwe emaqabunga kabhanana noma zipakishwe emiphongolweni. Inyama yesithelo emhlophe, enoshukela iqala ukuvubela futhi ifinyelele izinga lokushisa elingu-50º C. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuvinjwa utshwala obukhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, kuyilapho ubhontshisi ulahlekelwa okunye ukubaba kwawo.
Phakathi nalokhu kubila kwezinsuku eziyi-10, ubhontshisi uthola iphunga lawo elivamile, ukunambitheka nombala. (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumsulwa) Ukomiswa ngokwesiko kwenziwa elangeni, kwezinye izindawo ngenxa yesimo sezulu, eziko. Ukomisa kuhhavini omisiwe wendabuko, nokho, kungenza ubhontshisi obuvelayo ungalungeli ukukhiqizwa kukashokoledi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwentuthu. Le nkinga yaxazululwa kuphela ngokufika kwezishintshi zokushisa zesimanje. Ngemva kokoma, ubhontshisi ulahlekelwa cishe u-50% wobukhulu bawo bangempela bese ufakwa emasakeni bese uthunyelwa emazweni akhiqiza ushokoledi eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza ushokoledi, ibhotela likakhokho, usetshenziswa kakhulu kumakha okulungiswa kwamafutha ezimonyo kanye nasekhemisi. Ngakho-ke, i-cocoa nemikhiqizo ephuma kuyo iyimikhiqizo engabazekayo kakhulu mayelana nokusha kwayo kanye nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane namagundane, ikakhulukazi uma sicabangela umsebenzi we-biosphere yamazwe ashisayo! UBUTHI - NGEZINKOMIZI ZONKE
Ngabona isikhangiso sakhe eGreenland, ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngayibona ikhangiswe ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika, lapho amanzi aseCape Horn ephahlazeka ogwini olunamadwala. Isetshenziswa imihambima ogwadule lwaseSinayi kanye nabahlali basemaphandleni aseTibet naseChina. I-Russia idla izigidi zamalitha ngonyaka. Ungayibona ikhangiswe emabhodini ezikhangiso kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika kusukela e-Atlantic kuya ePacific. Ukuhamba emigwaqweni yedolobha laseYurophu, awukwazi ukucasha ephunga layo. Iyini le nto ekhangiswa emhlabeni wonke?
Ubuthi obukhangiswayo, i-caffeine etholakala ekhofini, etiyeni naseziphuzweni eziningi ze-cola. Abantu abaningi baphuza iziphuzo ezine-caffeine ngoba becabanga ukuthi ziyabaqabula, zibanikeze amandla nokuzethemba ekusebenzeni. Isiphuzo esidume kakhulu esiqukethe i-caffeine ikhofi. ENtshonalanga, cishe wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 uphuza ikhofi. Amakhilogremu ekhofi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane aphuzwa minyaka yonke e-United States kuphela. Emhlabeni wonke, ingqikithi isondela ezigidini ezi-5. Amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu… kashevu! Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-25 amanzi anosoda athandwayo asetshenziswa e-United States minyaka yonke, amaphesenti angu-65 aqukethe i-caffeine. Lezi ziphuzo ezine-caffeine ziwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-caffeine entsheni. Futhi konke kwaqala ngokungenacala...
Cishe ngo-850 AD, indaba iya, umalusi wama-Arab ogama lakhe linguKaldi waqaphela ukuziphatha okungavamile kwezimbuzi zakhe. Waphawula ukuthi izimbuzi, ngokuvamile izilwane ezizolile, zithukuthela ngokoqobo. Agxume agxume njengohlanya. Icala, njengoba kwenzeka, amajikijolo esihlahla esithile. UKaldi unambitha lamajikijolo ngokwakhe. Ngakho ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, umuntu wabhekana nomphumela wekhofi - ukuphakanyiswa okungavamile nomuzwa wokujabula. Watshela abelusi ayekanye nabo ngalokhu, nabo batshela izakhamuzi. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi kwase kusakazekele kuwo wonke amazwe ama-Arabhu naseYurophu. Abathandi bekhofi babengakwazi ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezikubhontshisi wekhofi ezibangela ukukhuphula futhi zinikeze amandla. Uma behlola amakhemikhali kabhontshisi wekhofi, bebezothola amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kuwo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu i-caffeine, enomphumela ovuselelayo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezinzwa. I-caffeine iyisidakamizwa somndeni wakwa-xanthine. Nakuba i-theophylline (etholakala etiyeni) kanye ne-theobromine (etholakala kushokoledi) nazo ziyi-xanthines, zihluke kakhulu ku-caffeine ekwakhekeni kwazo kanye nemisebenzi yebhayoloji. Ngamakhemikhali, le mithi ifana kakhulu, kodwa inemiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele yomzimba emzimbeni. Nokho, osokhemisi abaningi bokudla okunempilo bayavuma ukuthi ikhofi, itiye, noshokoledi kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-caffeine.
INDLELA I-CAFFEINE ESEBENZA NGAYO U-Mohammed wenqabela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kwi-Qur'an. Kamuva, iziphathimandla zamaSulumane zasebenzisa lokhu kuvinjelwa nasekhofini. Asazi ukuthi bakwenzeleni, ngoba ngalesosikhathi babengenabo noma yibuphi ubufakazi besayense ababebasekela ngabo. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uPapa Clement VIII wathatha isikhundla esiphambene. Wathi ikhofi “liyisiphuzo sobuKristu ngempela.” Njengamanje, iphunga eliyingqayizivele kanye nomthelela ovuselelayo wekhofi netiye kubenzele udumo emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abaningi bathola iphunga lekhofi limnandi futhi limnandi. Kodwa i-caffeine ayigcini nje ngokuvuselela, kodwa futhi iyabhubhisa. Inemiphumela ethile engokomzimba nengokwengqondo eyingozi empilweni. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi i-caffeine ithuthukisa isimo sengqondo, ikhulula ukukhathala, inciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukucasuka nokwesaba. Kodwa le miphumela ngokuvamile iyinkohliso. I-caffeine ayixazululi inkinga yokukhathala.
"Linda umzuzu nje! ungase uphikise. - Izolo ebusuku, lapho ngishayela imoto, ngicishe ngazumeka ngisesondo. Ngaya esitolo futhi ngaphuza izinkomishi ezimbalwa zekhofi. Yeka umphumela! Ngemva kwalokho, ngakwazi ukushayela ekhaya futhi ngibukele uhlelo lwe-TV lwasebusuku!” Uxolo mngane wami! Ikhofi alizange likususe nhlobo ukukhathala kwakho. Umzimba wawulokhu ukhathele ngisho nangemva kwekhofi, wena kuphela owawungazi ngakho. Ukusabela kanye nokukhalipha kwacijwa okwesikhashana, kodwa ngokushesha kwehle kwafika ezingeni eliphansi kunalokho okwakuyikho lapho uqala uzizwa ukhathele. Uma ubungahlangabezana nengozi obungalindelekile endleleni, i-caffeine ingakuvimbela ukuba ubuyele ekhaya uphila. Ngokwakha umuzwa ongamanga wokuqapha, i-caffeine ingaholela ezingozini. Ake sihlolisise imiphumela ye-caffeine. I-caffeine ivuselela isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi. Okokuqala, ihlanganisa izindlela zokucindezeleka ngokwandisa ushukela wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphuma kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi. Kubangela ukuthi izinso zikhiqize umchamo omningi, kwenza ukuphefumula kusheshe. Yini eyenza konke lokhu kwenzeke? Ngenxa yomphumela we-narcotic.
I-caffeine isinikeza ama-calories, akukho umsoco, akukho amavithamini. Isenzo salo sisikhumbuza ukubhaxabula ihhashi eliqhutshwayo. Ihhashi lingase lihambe ngokushesha lapho lisezinhlungwini, kodwa empeleni alinciphi ekukhathaleni. Siphoqa ihhashi ukuthi lisebenzise amandla avela ezigodini. Futhi akulula ukubuyisela lezi ziqiwu. Ezinye azikwazi ukugcwaliswa sanhlobo. I-caffeine idala inkohliso yokuthi "ungumdlali". Umlingisi omuhle wenza umlingiswa wakhe abonakale engokoqobo. I-caffeine idala inkohliso yenhlalakahle nempilo. Kodwa njengasemdlalweni, ikhethini lihlala livala. Futhi uma siqhubeka siphila nenkohliso yamandla nenjabulo, ngolunye usuku sizothola ukuthi ikhethini empilweni yethu livaliwe. Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukukhathala kwesimiso sezinzwa kanye nezitho ezihlukahlukene, i-syndrome "yehhashi eliqhutshwayo" - lena inani esilikhokhayo ngenxa yokukhohlisa okudalwe yi-caffeine. Ngikhumbula umqondisi wesikole esiseduze nesibhedlela engangisebenza kuso. Wayebonakala egcwele amandla, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yempilo yakhe yemvelo. Wayenomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sezinso nokuqwasha, akufihla. UGarvey, lelo kwakuyigama likathisha omkhulu, wayephuza izinkomishi zekhofi elimnyama ezingama-20 nsuku zonke. Ngamtshela ngemiphumela yale ndlela yokuphila, kodwa angizange ngimkholise ukuba angaliphuzi ikhofi. Wayengabhemi futhi engavamile ukuphuza utshwala. Wayevame ukuthi kimi: “Ikhofi lingigcina ngimile, dokotela.” Wabe esenezela: “Ngaphandle kwekhofi, ngingaba njengolamula okhanyiwe, futhi angikwazi ukwenza lutho.” Ekugcineni, ngamqinisekisa uHarvey ukuthi kwakudingeka ayeke ikhofi noma wayezozishaya aze afe. Wasilandela iseluleko sami izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ukuhoxa kwaba nzima kangangokuthi ngokushesha wabuyela ezinkomishini zakhe ezingu-20 ngosuku. Ngaleso sikhathi, uGarvey wayesanda kweva eminyakeni engu-40. Wabulawa isifo senhliziyo ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni engu-50 ubudala. Ngasayina ngokudabuka isitifiketi sokufa kwakhe: “Isifo senhliziyo, i-acute myocardial infarction.” Umuntu angangeza ngokuphepha imbangela yokufa: "Ikhofi".
IWEBHU YEKHOFI
Ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo lwenziwa nguDkt. Mervyn G. Hardinge e-Public Health Institute e-Loma Linda University. UDkt. Hardinge wahlola izinhlobo ezimbili zezicabucabu, esebenzisa inani elikhulu labantu. Wathola ukuthi olunye lwezinhlobo zezicabucabu luluka ulwembu oluhle olulinganayo lobukhulu obukhulu. Wayisebenzisela ukuhlola kwakhe. Ngobuchule obukhulu, walinganisa imithamo emincane kakhulu ye-caffeine, ayijova ngenaliti encane kakhulu emzimbeni wesicabucabu. Isicabucabu ngasinye sithole umthamo olingana nezinkomishi ezimbili zekhofi kumuntu omdala. Kwabe sekuhlolwa ubulembu obelukwa yilezi zicabucabu. Bonke babekhubazeke ngokuphelele. Zazizincane, zinemisebe embalwa, futhi zinesimo esibi. Ngaphambi kokuba umthamo we-caffeine ulawulwe, iwebhu yayinezindandatho ezigxilile ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-35. Iwebhu, eyalukwa ngisho namahora angu-48 ngemuva kokuphathwa komthamo owodwa we-caffeine, yayisakhubazekile futhi iqukethe izindandatho eziyi-12-13 kuphela. Isithombe esifanayo saphawulwa ngemva kwamahora angu-72. Ngemva kwamahora angu-96 kuphela umjovo, usayizi nokuma kwewebhu kubuyele kokujwayelekile. Izidakamizwa azilona ikhambi lokukhathala. Ikhambi liwukuphila okunempilo, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuphumula. INGOZI YE-CAFFEINE Ngakho, i-caffeine ikhohlisa isimiso sezinzwa. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Yandisa okuqukethwe kwamafutha acid egazini. Ukwanda kwama-acids anamafutha, kanye nengcindezi, kanye nokwenyuka komfutho wegazi konke kuyizimfuneko ze-myocardial infarction. Imithi manje isiqala ukuqaphela iqiniso lale ngozi. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi abantu abaphuza kakhulu itiye nekhofi bangenwa kalula yizo zonke izifo, hhayi nje isifo senhliziyo. Emsebenzini wami wezokwelapha, ngibone izigameko eziningi zokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezine-caffeine. Ngokuvamile lezi ziphazamiso zazinyamalala ngokushesha nje lapho isiguli siyeka ukuphuza ikhofi. I-caffeine ibangela ukuthi isisu sikhiqize i-asidi eningi, engabangela isilungulela. Ukudla ikhofi eliningi kungaholela ezilonda zesisu. Ngisanda kuhlangana nozakwethu eMayo Clinic ongitshele ukuthi uyenqaba ukwelapha noma yisiphi isiguli esinezilonda esiswini esingavumi ukuyeka ukuphuza itiye nekhofi. Ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-catecholamines (i-epinephrine ne-norepinephrine), i-caffeine idala umphumela wokucindezeleka emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezibangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu ovame ukutholakala kwabaphuza ikhofi. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Umphumela wengcindezi odalwa i-caffeine ukhubaza kancane umsebenzi wamathumbu. Izinqubo zokugaya nokumuncwa ziyahamba kancane. Ukudla kuhlala isikhathi eside emathunjini futhi kudlule emgudwini wokugaya ukudla isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye nokungagayeki kahle kokudla, okwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamakoloni (bheka iSahluko 13). I-caffeine iyisitha esibi!
I-CAFFEINISM
Omunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-caffeine ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo esaziwa ngengqondo njenge-neurosis yokukhathazeka. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegama elingcono, lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-caffeine. I-caffeine ibonakala ngesiyezi, ukukhathazeka nokungahlaliseki, ikhanda elibuhlungu eliphindaphindiwe, nokuqwasha. Ukuphaphatheka kobuso, ukundindizela kwezandla, ukujuluka kwezandla nezinyawo nakho kuyizimpawu ze-caffeine. Odokotela bengqondo esibhedlela iWalter Reed bacwaninga lolu hlobo lwe-neurosis. Bathola ukuthi ukumphatha njengesifo sengqondo kungasebenzi. Kodwa kuzo zonke izimo, ikhambi lafika ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa kwe-caffeine ekudleni. I-caffeine ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu odokotela okufanele babhekane nazo namuhla. Imvamisa ayixilongwanga kahle. Ekusebenzeni kwami, ngibone isenzakalo esisodwa noma ezimbili ze-caffeine nsuku zonke. UGarvey okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni kwakungewalabo abenqaba ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile iziguli zicabanga ukuthi zidinga amaphilisi okwehlisa umoya noma amaphilisi okwehlisa umoya. Abanye baze bacele nokwelashwa kwengqondo. Impatho yami inesihluku esingagwegwesi. Akwanele ukunciphisa iziphuzo ezine-caffeine. Ngitshela iziguli ukuthi kufanele zinqamule i-caffeine ngokuphelele. Ikhofi nazo zonke iziphuzo ezine-caffeine ziyingozi ethonsini lokugcina. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyeka ngokuphelele ikhofi, itiye, noma i-Coca-Cola. Kodwa uma usuzwa injabulo yokuzizwa unempilo futhi uzizwa ukhululekile ekushayweni njalo, uzozibuza ukuthi kungani ungaqedanga ngokushesha. Lapho ufunda ezinye izingxenye zendlela yokuphila enempilo - ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, umoya ohlanzekile, amanzi, uzoqonda ukuthi awudingi izidakamizwa, noma yiziphi izikhuthazo okuthiwa zisiza ukugcina impilo enhle. Uzozizwa umnandi. Futhi akuyona inkohliso. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, elimangalisayo, eligcwele impilo engokoqobo! Yini ongayenza? 1. Gwema ubuqili be-caffeine ngokumisa ikhofi, itiye, iziphuzo zejusi ye-cola, nezinye iziphuzo ezine-caffeine. 2. Ukwenza ukuhoxa kube lula, phuza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka, nciphisa umsebenzi wakho ovamile, kodwa wandise “umthamo” wakho wansuku zonke wokuzivocavoca. Ungase uthole ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha amanzi apholile ezichazwe eSahlukweni 9 ziwusizo. 3. Uma u. Uma uthanda iziphuzo ezishisayo, zama ukuphuza itiye le-herbal noma izinto ezithatha indawo yekhofi okusanhlamvu. 4. Lala kusenesikhathi futhi ulale kahle ebusuku. 5. Qala ukuphila ngokoqobo, ngaphandle kwe-caffeine "ukushaya umlozi". Iyini i-caffeine nokuthi imthinta kanjani umuntu Ezokwelapha, i-caffeine yaziwa ngokuthi i-trimethylxanthine. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali ithi C8H10N4O2. Ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile, i-caffeine isesimweni se-white crystalline powder enokunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu. Kwezokwelapha, i-caffeine isetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi senhliziyo kanye ne-diuretic. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukudala "ukuqhuma kwamandla" noma ukwanda komsebenzi. Ngokuvamile, abantu badla i-caffeine ukuze bahlale beqaphile futhi bangalali. Kukhona nalabo abazizwa bengelutho usuku lonke uma bengenawo inkomishi yekhofi ekuseni. I-caffeine iyisidakamizwa esiluthayo. Kuthinta ubuchopho ngendlela efanayo nama-amphetamine, i-cocaine, ne-heroin. Yiqiniso, umphumela we-caffeine ulinganisela kakhulu kunokuba, uthi, i-cocaine, kodwa isebenza eziteshini ezifanayo, ngakho-ke, uma umuntu enomuzwa wokuthi akakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwekhofi ekuseni futhi kufanele aliphuze nsuku zonke, khona-ke uyagula. unomlutha wezidakamizwa. ku-caffeine. I-caffeine Ekudleni I-caffeine itholakala ngokwemvelo ezitshalweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nobhontshisi wekhofi, amaqabunga etiye, nobhontshisi kakhokho. Konke ukudla okuvela kulezi zitshalo kuqukethe i-caffeine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yengezwa ngokungemthetho kweminye imikhiqizo eminingi. Nalu uhlu olufushane lwemithombo ye-caffeine yomuntu ojwayelekile. • Inkomishi eyodwa yekhofi iqukethe amamiligremu angama-90 kuya kwangu-200 e-caffeine. • Enkomishini eyodwa yetiye - kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-70 milligrams. • Kuma-colas ahlukahlukene (i-Pepsi, i-Coca ne-RC) amamiligremu angu-30 kuya kwangu-45 ingilazi ngayinye. Ngakho, ngaphezu kwesigamu sabantu badla 1000 milligrams of caffeine nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokwazi. I-Caffeine ne-Adenosine Ngakho-ke i-caffeine isebenza kanjani, kungani isigcina siphapheme? Ubuchopho bethu bukhipha into ebizwa ngokuthi i-adenosine, lapho i-adenosine ibopha kuma-receptors ayo, ibangela ukozela ngokuvimbela ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa. Kuphinde kubangele ukuthi imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ivuleke (ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya-mpilo wobuchopho ngesikhathi sokulala). Engqamuzaneni yezinzwa, i-caffeine ifana ncamashi ne-adenosine. Ngakho-ke i-caffeine ingabopha ku-receptor ehloselwe i-adenosine. Kodwa ayikubambezeli ukusebenza kwamaseli. Kuvela ukuthi i-caffeine ithathe indawo ye-adenosine, futhi manje i-adenosine ayikwazi ukujoyina iseli. Ngakho umsebenzi we-nerve cell awunciphisi, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, uyashesha. I-caffeine iphinde idale ukuthi imithambo yegazi iqine ngoba ivimbela i-adenosine ekuyivuleni. Ngakho-ke, eminye imithi yekhanda iqukethe i-caffeine, yehlisa umfutho wegazi ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa ye-caffeine, sandisa umsebenzi wezinzwa ebuchosheni. I-pituitary gland (pituitary gland) ibona ukuthi kukhona okwenzeka kakhulu ebuchosheni, inquma ukuthi njengoba umsebenzi onjalo usho ukuthi lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi ikhiqiza i-hormone ebangela ukuthi izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqize i-adrenaline. I-Adrenaline iyafana “Asilwe noma sizobulawa” ihomoni elenza umzimba ube sesimweni sokulungela ukulwa ngokugcwele. Ungabona ukuthi kunokwanda kwe-adrenaline emzimbeni ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: • Ukunwetshwa komfundi - ukubona kangcono. • Ukuphefumula ngokushesha - ukuthola umoya-mpilo owengeziwe • Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukhuphukayo - ukudlulisela lo moya-mpilo ngokushesha emisipheni. • Igazi ezithweni ezifana nesikhumba, isisu kanye namathumbu (okungeke kuhlanganyele empini okuthiwa ukusinda) liqala ukugeleza kancane, ukugeleza kwegazi okuyinhloko kuya emisipha. • Isibindi siqala ukuphonsa inani elikhulu likashukela egazini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwemisipha. • Ekugcineni, izicubu ngokwazo ziqinile futhi zilungele impi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ngemva kwenkomishi enkulu yekhofi izandla zethu zibanda futhi sizizwe sinamandla. I-Caffeine Ne-Hormone Yenjabulo I-caffeine iphinde ikhulise ukukhiqizwa kwe-dopamine (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hormone yenjabulo). Yiqiniso, akakwenzi lokhu ngamanani afana ne-amphetamine, kodwa lokhu kuyindlela efanayo. Imiphumela Emibi Njengoba ungabona encazelweni, umzimba wethu ungase uthande i-caffeine ngemithamo emincane, ikakhulukazi uma idinga ukuhlala isebenza, njengoba ivimba i-adenosine ukuze ihlale isebenza, yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-adrenaline ukuze kwandiswe amandla, futhi ilawule amazinga e-dopamine ukuze ngizwe kahle. Izinkinga nge-caffeine ziqala lapho isetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Khona-ke umuntu ungena ku-spiral. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho yonke i-adrenaline isiphelile, sizizwa sikhathele futhi singelutho. Pho senzani? Kunjalo, siphinde siphuze inkomishi yekhofi ukuze siphinde sinyuse izinga le-adrenaline egazini. Kodwa wena ngokwakho uyaqonda ukuthi ukuhlala “uqaphile” ngaso sonke isikhathi akukuhle neze, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kusenza sidikibale futhi sicasuke. Kodwa inkinga enkulu nge-caffeine ukulala. I-Adenosine ibaluleke kakhulu ekulaleni, ikakhulukazi ebuthongweni obujulile. Kuthatha cishe amahora angu-6 ukuze umzimba ukhiphe i-caffeine. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ngo-3 ntambama umuntu ephuze inkomishi yekhofi, ngakho-ke ngo-9 ebusuku leli khofi lisaphazamisa isimiso sezinzwa. Umuntu angazumeka, kodwa leli phupho liyoba elikha phezulu. Ukuntuleka kokulala okujulile kuthatha umonakalo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakusasa sizobe sihamba njengempukane edakiwe sidiyazela ngapha nangapha. Pho lo muntu uzokwenzani? Ngokwemvelo, uzophuza inkomishi yekhofi elinephunga elimnandi ngokushesha nje lapho evuka embhedeni. Futhi lo mjikelezo uzoziphinda usuku nosuku. Ikhofi elingenayo i-caffeine Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abathandi bekhofi eline-decaffeinated abekho. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseFlorida (iNyuvesi yaseFlorida, eU.SA) lubonise ukuthi i-caffeine isekhona ekhofini eline-decaffeinated, futhi ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu. Lolu lwazi lushicilelwe yi-Journal of Analytical Toxicology. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhofi angenayo i-caffeine angu-10 athengiswa e-United States kwathola ukuthi izinkomishi ezingu-10 zekhofi elisheshayo elibhalwe “decaffeinated” zine-caffeine eningi njengezinkomishi ezimbili zekhofi elivamile. Ukuphakelwa okumaphakathi "kwekhofi eline-decaffeinated" elisheshayo liqukethe phakathi kwe-8,6 kanye ne-13,9 milligrams ye-caffeine. Ukunikezwa "kwekhofi eliphansi le-decaffeinated" yi-12-13,4 milligrams. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkomishi yekhofi evamile esheshayo iqukethe amamiligremu angu-85 e-caffeine, kuyilapho ingilazi ye-Coca-Cola inamamiligremu angu-31. Ngaphansi kwamazinga ase-US naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ikhofi eline-decaffeinated akufanele liqukathe ama-milligrams angaphezu kwama-3 we-caffeine ngokuphakelwa ngakunye. Ngisho nemithamo emincane ye-caffeine ithinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi kanye nengqondo yomuntu. Kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile ukudla amamiligremu angama-300 e-caffeine ngosuku. Amaqiniso e-Caffeine I-American average idla ama-210 mg we-caffeine nsuku zonke. Lokhu kulingana nezinkomishi zekhofi ezingu-2-3, kuye ngamandla alo. Indlela ikhofi elilungiswa ngayo ihlobene ngokuqondile nenani le-caffeine elikhiqizwayo. Inkomishi yekhofi esheshayo iqukethe u-65 mg we-caffeine; inkomishi yekhofi evutshelwe kumenzi wekhofi we-strainer iqukethe ama-80 mg; futhi inkomishi yekhofi yokuconsa iqukethe 155 mg. Imithombo emine evame kakhulu ye-caffeine eMelika ikhofi, iziphuzo ezibandayo, itiye, ushokoledi, ngaleyo ndlela. Umuntu waseMelika ojwayelekile uthola u-75% we-caffeine yakhe ekhofini. Eminye imithombo ihlanganisa ukudambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter; izidakamizwa ezicindezela ukudla; imithi ebandayo; kanye neminye imithi kadokotela. Kwenzekani nge-caffeine ekhishwa ekhofini lapho kukhiqizwa ikhofi eline-decaffeinated? Iningi lithengiswa ezinkampanini zeziphuzo ezithambile ze-carbonated (i-cola isivele iqukethe i-caffeine yemvelo, kodwa kunengeziwe). Ingabe uthola i-caffeine eningi kunezingane zakho? Uma uhlola ngokusekelwe esisindweni somzimba, cishe ngeke. Izingane zivame ukuthola i-caffeine eningi kushokoledi naseziphuzweni njengoba abazali bazo bezithola ekhofini, etiyeni nakweminye imithombo. Ikhofi - esinye isidakamizwa sekhulu lesi-XNUMX Ikhofi - esinye isidakamizwa sekhulu lesi-XNUMX Akungabazeki ukuthi i-caffeine iyisidakamizwa esinamandla. Yebo, kunjalo, izidakamizwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi, awugcini nje ngokujabulela ikhofi lakho lansuku zonke noma i-Coke, umlutha wazo. I-caffeine isebenza ngokuqondile ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Idala umuzwa cishe osheshayo wokucaca komcabango futhi kunciphisa ukukhathala. Iphinde ikhuthaze ukukhululwa koshukela ogcinwe esibindini, futhi lokhu kuchaza ukuzwa okuphezulu okubangelwa ikhofi, i-cola kanye noshokoledi (i-caffeine trio enkulu). Nokho, imiphumela engemihle ingaba mikhulu kakhulu kunalezi zinzwa ezimnandi. Ukukhishwa kukashukela ezinqolobaneni kuholela kumthwalo osindayo ohlelweni lwe-endocrine. Abaphuza ikhofi osemnkantshubomvu bavame ukuba novalo noma babe “makhwapheni”. Omama bamakhaya abaphuza ikhofi, lapho beshintshela eziphuzweni ezingena caffeine, babonisa zonke izici zokuyeka imilutha yezidakamizwa. UDkt UJohn Minton, uprofesa wase-Ohio State University wokuhlinza kanye ne-oncologist yomdlavuza, uthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-methylxanthines (amakhemikhali asebenzayo atholakala ekhofini) kungabangela ukukhula kwebele okuhle noma izinkinga ze-prostate. Odokotela abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-caffeine ibangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme nezinye izifo zesimiso senhliziyo. UDkt Philip Cole ubike ephephabhukwini lezokwelapha lase-UK i-Lancet lokuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kokuphuza ikhofi kanye nesigameko somdlavuza wesinye kanye nokwehla komdlavuza womchamo. Ngokusho kwedatha eshicilelwe ku-British Medical Journal, abantu abaphuza izinkomishi zekhofi ezi-5 nsuku zonke banengozi ephakeme engu-50% yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kunalabo abangaliphuzi ikhofi. I-Journal of the American Medical Association yabika ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-caffeine esinezimpawu zokuphelelwa ukudla nesisindo somzimba, ukucasuka, ukuqwasha, ukuzwa amakhaza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nomkhuhlane omncane. Ososayensi baseJohns Hopkins University babonise ukuthi i-caffeine ingaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-DNA. I-American Center for Science in the Public Interest yeluleka abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuba bagweme ukudla i-caffeine, njengoba umthamo wansuku zonke we-caffeine otholakala ezinkomishini ezi-4 zekhofi uboniswe ukuthi ubangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa ezilwaneni zokuhlola. Imithamo emikhulu ye-caffeine ekuhlolweni yabangela ukudlikizela ezilwaneni, kwase kufa. I-caffeine ingaba yingozi kakhulu (umthamo ongaba ngu-10 g uthathwa njengobulalayo). Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ilitha elingu-1 lekhofi eliphuzwe phakathi namahora angu-3 lingabhubhisa ingxenye ebalulekile ye-thiamine (uvithamini B1) emzimbeni. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa inani le-caffeine (in mg) eliqukethwe kwezinye iziphuzo | Uhlobo lwesiphuzo kanye nenani laso | Ubuningi | | | i-caffeine (in mg) | | I-Pepsi-Cola, 330 ml | 43,1 mg | | I-Coca-Cola, 330 ml | 64,7 mg | | Ikhofi (1 ukuphakelwa): | | | Okuncibilikayo | 66,0 mg | | Ngesihluzi | 110,0 mg | | Kutholwe ngamaconsi adlulayo | 146,0 mg | | | amanzi abilayo ngekhofi eliphansi | | | | Izikhwama zetiye | | | Uphuzo olumnyama lwemizuzu emi-5 | 46,0 mg | | Uphuzo olumnyama oluyiminithi elingu-1 | 28,0 mg | | Itiye elixegayo | | | Uphuzo olumnyama lwemizuzu emi-5 | 40,0 mg | | Utshwala obuluhlaza bemizuzu emi-5 | 35,0 mg | | Ukhokho | 13,0 mg | Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-caffeine? Ikhofi elingenayo i-caffeine ayilona ikhambi elingcono kakhulu le-caffeine. Kuvele ukuthi i-trichlorethylene, eyaqala ukusetshenziswa ukususa i-caffeine, yandisa kakhulu izigameko zomdlavuza ezilwaneni ezihlolwayo. Abakhiqizi bashintshele ku-methylene chloride ephephile, kodwa isaqukethe isici sebhondi ye-chlorine-carbon yezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi eziningi. Ukuphuza itiye njalo akuyona indlela yokuphuma, ngoba iqukethe ne-caffeine eningi. Kodwa-ke, ama-herbal teas anganika amandla, futhi izitolo eziningi zokudla zemvelo zinokukhetha okubanzi kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola ukuphakama okufanayo njenge-caffeine, kodwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi, kusukela ku-ginseng, ikakhulukazi i-ginseng yaseSiberia. Emakhemisi, i-ginseng tincture, i-aralia, i-eleutherococcus ekhishwe imelelwa kabanzi ngamanani afanelekile. I-Cola, kokubili ukudla nokujwayelekile, isithandwa njengekhofi kulabo abajwayele ukujabulela ukwesekwa kwe-caffeine.