Izimbangela, izimpawu nezimpawu ze-gastritis yesisu

Ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yesisu kungenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu zabantu. Cishe u-80-90% wabantu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo waba nesiqephu okungenani esisodwa salesi sifo. Ebudaleni, abantu abangafika ku-70-90% bahlushwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-gastritis. Uhlobo olungapheli lwe-gastritis lungashintsha lube isilonda se-peptic, umdlavuza wesisu.

Kuyini i-gastritis?

I-Gastritis ukuvuvukala kongqimba lwamafinyila esiswini, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwalesi sitho. Uma kwenzeka i-gastritis, ukudla kuqala ukungagayeki kahle, okuholela ekuwohlokeni nokuntuleka kwamandla. I-Gastritis, njengezifo eziningi, iyingozi futhi ingapheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kune-gastritis ene-acidity ephansi, evamile futhi ephezulu yesisu.

Njengamanje, i-gastritis isivele ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sekhulu leminyaka. Balimaza kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Futhi ngokusho kwezibalo zezempilo, eRussia cishe amaphesenti angu-50 abantu bane-gastritis ngandlela-thile.

I-Gastritis ibonakala ngezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ezivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology. Ngokomtholampilo, kwenzeka ngendlela yokuvuvukala (okubi noma okungapheli). Ukuvuvukala okunamandla kuhlala isikhashana. Ukulimala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwesisu ngama-asidi agxilile, ama-alkali namanye amakhemikhali kubulala ngokuyingozi.

Isifo esigelezayo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) sinciphisa izinga lempilo futhi sibonakale ngendlela yobuhlungu, kanye nokuthi:

• Ubunzima esiswini;

• isilungulela;

• Ukubhodla;

• ukuhlanza;

• Uhudo kanye/noma ukuqunjelwa;

• Ukuqhakaza;

• I-Flatulence - ukukhishwa kwegesi;

• Ukuphefumula kabi.

Ifomu elingapheli liyi-atrophy eyingozi ye-gastric mucosa. Ngenxa yalokho, izindlala zesisu ziyayeka ukusebenza ngendlela evamile. Amaseli e-atypical akhiwa esikhundleni samaseli anempilo. Ukungalingani kwenqubo yokuziphilisa kwamangqamuzana e-mucosa yesisu kungenye yezimbangela zezilonda kanye nomdlavuza wepheshana lesisu.

Isisu siyingxenye esengozini kakhulu yesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Okungenani izinqubo ezintathu eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugaya zenzeka kuwo: lokhu ukuxubana komshini wekhoma yokudla, ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali okudla, nokumuncwa kwemisoco.

Udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, luvame ukonakala, lapho kukhiqizwa khona izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene zokugaya ukudla - ijusi lesisu kanye ne-mucus evikelayo.

Ukugaya esiswini kuyinqubo ecushwe kahle ye-biochemical yomzimba. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yi-pH ye-asidi evamile yejusi yesisu (ingxenye yayo eyinhloko i-hydrochloric acid), kodwa futhi umehluko wemingcele ye-acidity ezingxenyeni zayo ezahlukene. I-acidity ephezulu (pH 1,0-1.2) ibonakala engxenyeni yokuqala yesisu, futhi iphansi (pH 5,0-6,0) - ekuhlanganeni kwesisu namathumbu amancane.

I-Paradox iwukuthi kumuntu onempilo, isisu asigcini nje ukuzigaya, kodwa futhi ijusi yesisu ekhiqizwa yizindlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba inezakhiwo ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imvelo ye-pH ku-esophagus ayithathi hlangothi, futhi ku-duodenum (isigaba sokuqala samathumbu amancane) i-alkaline.

Ukuzwa okungajabulisi, okubuhlungu komuntu one-gastritis - isilungulela - ngokuyinhloko kuwumphumela wokwephulwa kwebhalansi ye-acid-base kwesinye sezigaba zomgudu wamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphambuka kwebhalansi ye-asidi kusuka kokujwayelekile ezingxenyeni ezithile zesisu kungaphansi kwe-pathogenesis ye-gastritis ene-asidi ephansi noma ephezulu.

Umthelela omubi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla: ukudla noma ubuthi bamakhemikhali, ukukhululwa kwe-bile esiswini, izifo zamathumbu, ukudla okuvamile kwemithi ethile, iziphuzo ze-carbonated, utshwala nezinye izici kuthinta kabi isimo se-gastric mucosa. Ithonya elibi le-microbial factor ekuthuthukiseni i-gastritis liye lafakazelwa.

Umphumela ophuthumayo wesikhashana ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla ukhawulelwe ekubonakalisweni komtholampilo ngendlela yokuvuvukala okunamandla kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• I-Catarrhal;

• i-fibrinous;

• I-Necrotic;

• I-Phlegmonous.

I-catarrhal gastritis ihlotshaniswa nokungondleki kahle kanye nobuthi obuncane bokudla. I-Fibrinous and necrotic gastritis ivame ukubangelwa ubuthi ngosawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-acids agxilile nama-alkali. I-phlegmonous gastritis ibangelwa ukulimala okubuhlungu odongeni lwesisu.

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside esilwaneni esibuthakathaka kugcina ngokukhula kwe-pathogenesis engapheli, ebhebhezelwa izinqubo ze-ulcerative ezindongeni zesisu. I-Gastritis ingaba izimpawu zezinqubo ze-oncological emgudwini wamathumbu.

Izinhlobonhlobo zokubonakaliswa kwe-gastritis yesisu kubantu kuqinisekiswa ukuhlukaniswa kwazo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukucacisa izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-gastritis kubalulekile kuma-gastroenterologists lapho ebeka izinqubo zokwelashwa. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kuwumfanekiso wezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo ukuze kwakhiwe umqondo ojwayelekile we-gastritis kumfundi.

Elinye iqembu le-gastritis alihlotshaniswa namagciwane, nakuba ezigabeni ezithile lokhu kuxhumana kungase kuvele.

I-Non-microbial gastritis ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:

• Utshwala. Lesi sifo siqala ngaphansi kwethonya lokusetshenziswa njalo kotshwala obunamandla (utshwala bune-pH ye-alkaline) ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izici eziningi ezihlobene nomphumela omubi jikelele wemithamo emikhulu ye-ethyl alcohol emzimbeni;

• I-gastritis ebangelwa yi-NSAID. Ama-NSAID yizidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezisetshenziswa ezifweni eziningi njengezidakamizwa ze-antipyretic, analgesic kanye ne-antiplatelet. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu zaleli qembu le-pharmacological yi-acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), i-analgin, i-diclofenac, i-indomethacin, i-ketoprofen, i-ibuprofen, i-piroxicam. Ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwe-NSAID kukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-gastritis, bese ukuguqulwa kwayo kube isilonda esiswini.

• Ngemuva kokususwa. I-gastritis enjalo iqala ngemva kokususwa ngenkani kokuhlinzwa kwengxenye yesisu.

• I-gastritis ebangelwa ngamakhemikhali. Zikhula ngenxa yokungenwa ngengozi noma okukhethekile kwamakhemikhali anezindawo ezinolaka ngokumelene namaprotheni olwelwesi lwamafinyila lesisu.

• I-Gastritis engaziwa imvelaphi.

Emithi yochwepheshe, nezinye izigaba ze-gastritis nazo ziyasetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi, ngokusho kohlobo lokusabalala kwe-pathogenesis:

• I-autoimmune gastritis (uhlobo A);

• I-exogenous gastritis (uhlobo B), ecasulwa yi-Helicobacter pylori;

• I-gastritis ehlanganisiwe (uhlobo A + B);

• I-Gastritis (uhlobo C) olucasulwa ama-NSAID, ama-chemical irritants noma i-bile;

• Izinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-gastritis;

• I-Gastritis ngokumelene nesizinda sokuncipha kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrochloric acid;

• Ezinye izinhlobo zokubonakaliswa kwe-morphological kanye nokusebenza kwe-gastritis.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwelabhorethri yezokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi noma amasu wezinsimbi esigabeni sokuhlonza lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ye-gastritis, enezimpawu cishe ezifanayo zomtholampilo, kodwa ihluke ezindleleni eziyisisekelo ze-pathogenesis, ayinasithakazelo kubafundi abaningi.

Ake sihlale ngokuningiliziwe ngezibonakaliso nezimpawu eziyinhloko ze-gastritis, ezingaba yisisekelo sokuthi umuntu axhumane nesikhungo sezokwelapha ukuze athole usizo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-gastritis yesisu

I-Gastritis ibonakala ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ingenzeka ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa okukhulu. Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu ubuhlungu be-solar plexus, obunzima ngemva kokuthatha izinhlobo ezithile zokudla, uketshezi nezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi lezo eziye zanda ulaka ku-mucosa yesisu. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu buba bubi nakakhulu phakathi kokudla. Nge-gastritis, ukudla okubabayo, utshwala, iziphuzo ze-carbonated nokunye ukudla, ukusetshenziswa okuholela ekwandeni kwe-gastritis, kuyaphikisana.

Izimpawu ezibalulekile, kodwa ezingaguquki ze-gastritis isilungulela, ukuhlanza, nokuqunjelwa. Lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi sibonakala ngokuqunjelwa kanye nokuphuma kwegesi njalo. Ukubonakala kwezimpawu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezingenhla ngokumelene nesizinda sobuhlungu besisu kuyisizathu sokusola i-gastritis.

Lesi sifo siphinde sibonakale ngokudla okubabayo, izidakamizwa kanye noketshezi olunamandla ngaphambi nje kokuqala kobuhlungu.

Kunzima kakhulu ukubona izimpawu ze-gastritis engapheli. Isikhathi eside, izimpawu zesifo zikhawulelwe ezindleleni ezingavamile, i-plaque olimini, ukukhathala, ukuvungama nokuchichima esiswini phakathi kokudla, i-flatulence, isifo sohudo esiphindaphindiwe noma ukuqunjelwa.

I-gastritis engapheli ngokuvamile ayinawo umthelela omkhulu esimweni somtholampilo wesiguli, ngaphandle kokuncipha kwezinga lempilo. Ngefomu elincane, i-gastritis engapheli ibonakala ngokuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo. Ngefomu elinzima, ngaphandle kwalawo abonisiwe - ukukhishwa njalo kwamagesi emathunjini, i-anemia, ukozela, ukujuluka okubandayo, ukwanda kwe-peristalsis, i-halitosis.

Izimpawu ze-acidity ephezulu

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-gastritis ene-asidi ephezulu, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile (ukuhlanza, isicanucanu):

• Ubuhlungu besikhathi eside ku-solar plexus, bunyamalala ngemva kokudla;

• Uhudo oluvamile;

• Isilungulela ngemva kokudla ukudla okumuncu;

• Isifiso esivamile sokukhipha amagesi emlonyeni - ukubhodla.

Izimpawu ze-acidity ephansi

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-gastritis ene-acidity ephansi noma eyi-zero:

• Ukunambitheka okubi okungapheli emlonyeni

• Ubunzima esiswini ngemuva kokudla;

• Amaqanda abolile “aqhumayo”;

• Ukuduma;

• Isicanucanu ekuseni;

• Izinkinga ngokujwayelekile kwamathumbu;

• Iphunga elibi eliphuma emlonyeni.

Izimpawu zokwanda kwe-gastritis

Ukuphindaphinda kwe-gastritis engapheli kubonakala ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile ku-solar plexus, okwanda ngokushesha ngemva kokudla, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside;

• Ukubhodla ngomoya, ukushisa ku-sternum, isilungulela ngemva kokudla, ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni;

• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza ekuseni kokudla okugaywe kancane okunokunambitheka okumuncu, kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlanza kwebile;

• Ukwanda kwamathe, ukoma, ubuthakathaka;

• Izimpawu ze-dyspepsia (ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo);

• Isiyezi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ikhanda elibuhlungu.

Izimpawu zokukhushulwa kwezinhlobo ze-erosive (ezinzima) ze-gastritis zengezwe ngokuhlanza ngamahlule egazi, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza ngombala omnyama wokuhlanza. Ukuphuma kwesisu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu kubonakala ngendle emnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi ukopha kwesisu kunganqunywa kuphela ngezindlela zaselabhorethri. Ukopha okukhulu kwangaphakathi kubonakala ngokuphaphatheka kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi kunqunywa kalula umbala we-sclera yamehlo, isiyezi, ne-tinnitus.

Ubuhlungu esiswini nge-gastritis

I-Gastralgia - ubuhlungu odongeni lwesisu (i-cavity) - uphawu olubalulekile lwe-gastritis. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinhlungu zihambisana nezinye izifo zezitho zesisu, ezibizwa ngokuthi "isisu esibuhlungu". Izinzwa ezingathandeki zibonakaliswa ngendlela yobuhlungu, kanye nokugwaza, ukucindezela, ukudubula, ukushisa nezinye izinhlobo zobuhlungu.

Ubuhlungu obufana ne-gastralgia bungaba uphawu lwe-myocardial infarction, ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwenhliziyo namaphaphu, nokuphuka kwezimbambo. Ubuhlungu besisu bungabonwa nge-viral, bacterial and parasitic pathologies emathunjini, izinkinga ezithile zabesifazane, i-neurosis, isifo sikashukela.

Ekhaya, ungakwazi ukubona ubuhlungu obubangelwa yi-gastritis. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-gastritis futhi siyihlukanisa namanye ama-pathologies "wesisu esibuhlungu" yizinhlungu ezikhuphuka ngemuva:

• Ukudla, ikakhulukazi okubabayo nokubhema;

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala;

• Ikhefu elide ekudleni.

Izinketho ezisele zokuvela kobuhlungu esiswini ngokungabikho kwamakhono omtholampilo kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa i-laboratory kanye nezindlela zokucwaninga zezinsimbi zingadideka kalula nezimpawu zezinye izifo.

Izinkinga ze-gastritis

Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yizimbangela ezibangela uhlobo olungapheli lwe-gastritis. Yabela izici zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ezivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwabanye abantu, i-gastritis ikhula kancane kancane futhi ayinawo umphumela obalulekile emzimbeni. Okusho ukuthi, cishe, izimbangela ze-gastritis zifihliwe ngemuva kwezici eziningi nezinhlanganisela zazo.

Izimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zangaphandle ze-gastritis:

• Umthelela ezindongeni zesisu sebhaktheriya i-Helicobacter pylori, kancane kancane amanye amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Cishe i-80% yeziguli ezitholakala ukuthi zine-gastritis zikhiqiza amagciwane amelana ne-asidi angena ngenkuthalo odongeni lwe-mucosa yesisu, akhiphe izinto ezithile ezicasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, akhuthaze ushintsho lwendawo ku-pH yezindonga nokuvuvukala kwawo. Impendulo yokugcina, ukuthi kungani la magciwane edala umonakalo omkhulu kwabanye abantu, hhayi kwabanye, namanje akwaziwa;

• Iziyaluyalu zokudla. Kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi ukungondleki kahle kuyimbangela evamile ye-gastritis. Isitatimende siyiqiniso kokubili ukudla ngokweqile nokudla kancane. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ukudla ngokudla kwezitshalo okucebile ngamavithamini kanye ne-fiber yezitshalo, okwenza i-peristalsis ijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezigaba zokuqala ze-gastritis, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukudla okuqukethe i-fiber yemifino eqinile, kanye nokudla okunamafutha, okubabayo, okusemathinini nokufakwe emanzini;

• Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala kuhlukaniswa njengembangela ehlukile ye-gastritis yesisu. I-Ethanol ngamanani amancane iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo ze-biochemical emzimbeni, noma kunjalo, inani elikhulu lotshwala livusa ukungalingani kwe-acid-base emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala ngemithamo emikhulu ngokusetshenziswa njalo bulimaza kakhulu ezinye izitho zokugaya ukudla - isibindi, amanyikwe, futhi kunomthelela omubi ezinqubweni ze-metabolic emzimbeni;

• Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwelapha njenge-anti-clotting (i-antiplatelet), izidakamizwa ze-analgesic kanye ne-anti-inflammatory zinemiphumela emibi kakhulu - zicasula i-mucosa yesisu. Ngokuvamile, i-gastritis ibangelwa izidakamizwa ezingekho-hormonal anti-inflammatory (aspirin, analgin) namahomoni e-glucocorticoid (prednisone). Le mithi inconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngezinjongo zezokwelapha, ngokwehlukana, ngemithamo emincane, ngemva kokudla;

• Abanye abacwaningi baphawula umthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-gastritis yokuhlasela kwe-helminthic, ukucindezeleka okungapheli, amakhemikhali anonya, ukugwinya ngengozi noma ngenhloso.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zangaphakathi (ezihlobene nokuphulwa kwe-homeostasis) ze-gastritis:

• Ukuthambekela kokuzalwa komuntu ezifweni zesisu;

• I-reflux ye-Duodenal - ukuphonswa kwe-bile kusuka ku-duodenum kuya esiswini. I-bile, ingena emgodini wesisu, ishintsha i-pH yejusi futhi icasule ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ekuqaleni, ukuvuvukala kwe-antrum yesisu kukhula, bese kuba khona eminye iminyango yayo;

• Izinqubo ze-Autoimmune, umonakalo ezingeni lokuzivikela lezinto zokuzivikela zamangqamuzana e-gastric mucosa. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana ayeka ukusebenza ngendlela evamile futhi alahlekelwe izakhiwo zawo zangempela. Lesi simo sidala ukusabela okuncane okushintsha i-pH yejusi, futhi kuholele ekucasuleni njalo kwezindonga zesisu. Kukhona ukudakwa okungapheli kanye nokwephulwa kokumelana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila endaweni enolaka yejusi yesisu;

• Ukwephulwa kwe-hormonal kanye ne-vitamin metabolism, umphumela we-reflex we-pathogenesis yezitho eziseduze nesisu.

Izinhlobo ze-gastritis:

Ngosizo lwezindlela ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo, izinhlobo eziningi ze-gastritis zatholakala. Kodwa-ke, wonke umuntu uhlukaniswe nge-gastritis ene:

• I-acidity evamile noma ekhulayo;

• I-asidi engu-Zero noma ephansi.

Izimpawu ze-gastritis ene-acidity ephansi noma ephezulu zingahlukaniswa, noma kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwenziwa ngesisekelo socwaningo lwejusi yesisu etholwe ngokuhlola, kanye ne-intragastric pH-metry kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezikhethekile ezifakwe esiswini. Indlela yokugcina ilungele ukuthi ukuqapha isikhathi eside kwemingcele yejusi yesisu kungenzeka. Kwezinye izimo, i-pH yokuqukethwe kwesisu inqunywa ngokungaqondile, esifundweni somchamo we-pH.

I-gastritis ene-Acidic

Ibonakala ngobuhlungu obunzima ku-solar plexus noma enkabeni, ngokuvamile yemvelo ye-paroxysmal. Ubuhlungu buyadamba ngemva kokudla ukudla okudlayo, buyaqina phakathi kokudla. Ubuhlungu ku-hypochondrium efanele kuwubufakazi bokungena kwejusi yesisu ku-duodenum. I-Pathology ibonakala ngokushisa kwenhliziyo, ukugula kwasekuseni, i-belching ebolile, ukuduma kwesisu, isifo sohudo (ukuqunjelwa kuvame kakhulu nge-gastritis ene-asidi ephansi), ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni.

Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane, ngokunyuka ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokuphuza utshwala, izidakamizwa zeqembu le-NSAID, i-cardiac glycosides (digitis), amalungiselelo e-potassium, ama-hormone (i-prednisolone, i-dexamethasone, i-hydrocortisone). Ukuhlaselwa kungacasulwa ukusetshenziswa kokudla "okusindayo". Uhlobo lwe-gastritis lunqunywa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha.

I-Gastritis ene-acidity ephansi

I-asidi esesiswini ibandakanyeka ekuqhekekeni okuyinhloko kwemicu yokudla eqinile.

I-Gastritis ene-asidi ephansi ivame ukubonakala ngokusinda kwesisu, ukusutha okusheshayo ngemva kokudla, ukwakheka okukhulayo kwamagesi amathumbu. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo singalungiswa ngokuthatha ama-enzyme wokugaya (festal, gastal). Ungaphatha i-anacid gastritis ekhaya, kulula kakhulu. Njengoba ijusi yesisu inezakhiwo ezincishisiwe, kufanele uhlafune ukudla isikhathi eside. Ukugaya ngokucophelela i-coma yokudla emlonyeni womlomo futhi ukucutshungulwa ngamathe kuyindlela ephumelelayo engeyona yokwelapha yokwelapha i-gastritis.

I-gastritis eyingozi

I-catarrhal gastritis iqala ngaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa ezinolaka (i-aspirin, amanye ama-NSAID), iziphuzo eziyingozi (utshwala, ulamula we-carbonated ngokusetshenziswa njalo) kanye nokudla okunzima (okunamafutha, okusawoti, okubhemayo, okufakwe emanzini). I-gastritis eyingozi nayo yaziwa ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ezinobuthi (i-salmonellosis nabanye), kanye nesizinda sokuhluleka kwezinso nesibindi. Izinhlobo ezinzima ze-gastritis zingacasulwa yi-pathologies engahlobene ngokuqondile nomgudu wamathumbu (i-pneumonia, i-frostbite). Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo engaphansi kwe-underoxidized egazini ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala okukhulu kwamaphaphu, okubangela ukuvuvukala kwezindonga zesisu. Chaza futhi i-gastritis eyingozi ngemuva kokucindezeleka.

I-phlegmonous gastritis - umphumela wokulimala ngamabomu noma ngengozi ezindongeni zesisu (izikhonkwane ezigwinywe, ingilazi, izinzipho). Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-purulent kwezindonga zesisu.

Izimpawu ze-catarrhal (elula) ye-gastritis ebukhali zivela emahoreni angu-5-8 ngemva kokuchayeka entweni yenhlekelele. I-Pathogenesis iqala ngokuzwa okuvuthayo esifundeni se-epigastric (omqondofana: emgodini wesisu, ku-plexus yelanga). Ubuhlungu buqala kule ndawo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni. I-gastritis enobuthi ihambisana nomkhuhlane, ukuhlanza okungapheli kanye nesifo sohudo. Isimo esinzima sibonakala ngokuhlanza okunegazi - lesi yi-gastritis edlayo (necrotic). I-phlegmonous gastritis ibonakaliswa yizimo ze-peritonitis: udonga lwesisu olushubile, isimo sokushaqeka.

I-gastritis engapheli

Ezigabeni zokuqala, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezikhanyayo. I-Hypersensitivity ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokudla ibonakala ngezikhathi ezithile ngesimo senhliziyo nokuqunjelwa. Ngokuvamile kuba nomuzwa wobunzima ngesisu esigcwele, i-plaque kanye nephethini engavamile itholakala olimini.

Uhlobo olungapheli lwe-gastritis lungakhula kunoma yisiphi isikhathi: kusukela eminyakeni engu-20 kuya eminyakeni yobudala. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngezikhathi zokubhebhetheka kanye nokuxolelwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izimpawu ze-gastritis engapheli azihlukani nezimpawu zesifo esibi kakhulu - ubuhlungu, obuhlangene nesicanucanu, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza. Imizwa engathandeki ithuthukiswa ngemva kokuthatha izinhlobo ezithile zokudla. Ngokuvamile lena isethi ethile yemikhiqizo okufanele uyikhumbule futhi uzame ukuyikhipha ekudleni noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa.

I-Pallor yolwelwesi lwamafinyila ingaba uphawu lwesinye isifo - i-atrophic gastritis. Kwenzeka ngemuva kokuntuleka kwevithamini B emzimbeni₁₂. Le vithamini ibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwegazi. I-Atrophic gastritis ingase ingabi nazo ezinye izimpawu eziphawulekayo, ngaphandle kwe-pallor. Ingozi yalesi sifo ukuthi iyinkomba yokuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ku-epithelium yesisu. Ukutholwa kwe-anemia ngokumelene nesizinda sezimpawu ze-gastritis kuyithuba lokuhlolisisa isimo sempilo.

Umzimba womuntu unezinsiza zokuvikela ezinkulu, ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, ukudla okudlayo kanye nokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okunqunywe kahle kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okwelapha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-gastritis.

Ungazisiza kanjani ekhaya?

Isizathu esijwayelekile se-gastritis ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezilandelayo:

• I-Aspirin (i-acetylsalicylic acid);

• Utshwala (i-ethyl alcohol, i-ethanol).

aspirin kanye nama-analogues ayo anqunywa odokotela benhliziyo ukuze basetshenziswe isikhathi eside nsuku zonke futhi okuphoqelekile ukuze kuvinjelwe infarction ye-myocardial kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu nsuku zonke athatha i-aspirin njengendlela yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi, okwenza inkinga yokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-NSAID iphuthume kakhulu.

Amalungiselelo e-acetylsalicylic acid anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-antiplatelet, okungukuthi, avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlule egazi emithanjeni. Amahlule egazi ayimbangela eyinhloko ye-myocardial infarction kanye ne-cerebral stroke. Kodwa-ke, i-aspirin namanye ama-NSAID anomphumela omubi ongathandeki - acasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme zisebenzisa le mithi nsuku zonke zihlangene nezinye izidakamizwa. Ukungena okulinganiselwe kwe-aspirin kanye nezifaniso zayo kungadala inkinga eyengeziwe kumuntu ogulayo - i-gastritis. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kubo bonke abantu beqembu elidala eliphethwe yi-hypertension, i-angina pectoris, abaye bahlupheka noma basengozini yokuthuthukisa i-myocardial infarction.

Utshwalaesetshenziswa kabanzi yizigaba ezithile zezakhamizi. Kubantu abathambekele ezifweni zepheshana lesisu, ngisho nokusetshenziswa ngokusesilinganisweni kwe-ethanol kungavusa ukwanda kwe-gastritis. Utshwala bune-alkaline. Ukungathathi hlangothi okuvamile kwendawo ene-asidi yesisu nge-ethanol kudala isimo sokucasuka kwezindonga.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, asikho isizathu sokukhipha i-aspirin nezinye izidakamizwa ezibalulekile (insimbi, i-potassium, ama-hormone, njll.) ohlwini lwemithi ewusizo. Funda ngokucophelela izichasiselo zemithi futhi uziphuze ngokulandela uhlelo olunconywe udokotela.

Ikakhulukazi, unganciphisa imiphumela emibi yokuthatha i-aspirin ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukunciphisa umthamo owodwa (bona udokotela wakho);

• Ukuthatha umuthi ngobusuku bangaphambi kokudla;

• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi;

• Inguquko isuka ku-aspirin iye kuma-analogue egobolondo yesimanje (THROMBO-ASS).

Lapho uchaza i-aspirin namanye ama-NSAID, kufanele kuqashelwe uma isiguli sina:

• Isifo se-Erosive kanye ne-peptic ulcer esigabeni esibi;

• Ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kumalungiselelo e-acetylsalicylic acid;

• Ukuthambekela kokuphuma kwegazi emathunjini;

• Isifuba somoya i-bronchial asthma;

• ukwehluleka kwezinso;

• Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane.

Tshela udokotela wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi uma unemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aspirin. Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ukuthi azulazule, akhethe umthamo olungile womuthi, esikhundleni sawo afake ama-analogue afaneleka kakhulu noma izidakamizwa zeqembu elihlukile lekhemisi, alungise izindlela zokusetshenziswa, futhi anciphise imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-aspirin.

Ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo kwanoma yiziphi izidakamizwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi futhi kuvimbele ukumuncwa kwezinye izidakamizwa ezinqunyiwe. Ama-antacid aqukethe i-aluminium ngemithamo emikhulu abangela ukuqunjelwa, imithi equkethe i-potassium inciphisa i-asidi yesisu (kwezinye izimo lokhu kuyimpahla ewusizo). I-Potassium nayo inenzuzo kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.

Uma kwenzeka ukungabekezelelani emaqenjini athile ezidakamizwa, athathelwa indawo amanye. Isibonelo, izivimbela ze-histamine-H2 zingaba esikhundleni salokho. Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu (cimetidine, ranitidine) yizidakamizwa ezithengiswa kakhulu. Lawa maphilisi anqunywe njengendlela yokulawula i-acidity esiswini, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ku-gastritis ye-hyperacid.

Ngokuqondene notshwala, kufanele uyekwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-gastritis kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-pharmacological agents anomphumela onolaka emgudwini wesisu. Ukuphuza utshwala okuvamile kuyingozi yangempela ekuthuthukiseni i-gastritis yesisu.

Imithi ye-gastritis yesisu

Ku-arsenal ye-gastroenterologists yokwelapha nokuvimbela i-gastritis, kunamaqembu amaningana emithi yemithi, kuhlanganise:

• Ama-enterosorbents - ikhabhoni ecushiwe, i-smecta;

• Ama-antacids;

• Ama-antiseptics kanye nama-disinfectants;

• izidakamizwa ze-antidiarrheal;

• ama-antibiotic e-tetracycline;

• Ama-Antihistamine (H2 subtype).