I-Cardiomyopathy yigama elingabhekisela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ezithinta indlela imisipha yenhliziyo esebenza ngayo. I-Dilated cardiomyopathy kanye ne-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy yizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu. Ukuphatha okufanele kuyadingeka ngoba kungabeka impilo engozini.

Incazelo ye-cardiomyopathy

I-Cardiomyopathy yigama lezokwelapha elihlanganisa ndawonye iqoqo lezifo ze-myocardium. Ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo kuyathinteka. I-cardiomyopathies inamaphuzu athile afanayo kodwa futhi ihluke kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ze-cardiomyopathies

Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-cardiomyopathies ziyi:

• i-dilated cardiomyopathy ebonakala ngokuvuleka kwamagumbi enhliziyo, futhi ikakhulukazi i-ventricle yesokunxele: imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthaka futhi ayisenawo amandla anele okumpompa igazi;
• i-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy okuyisifo sofuzo esibonakala ngokujiya kwezicubu zenhliziyo: inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze iqhubekisele phambili umthamo wegazi ofanayo.

Ngokungavamile, ezinye izinhlobo ze-cardiomyopathy zingenzeka:

• i-cardiomyopathy evimbelayo enemisipha yenhliziyo eqina futhi elahlekelwa ukuguquguquka: ama-ventricles enhliziyo anobunzima bokuphumula nokugcwalisa kahle igazi;
• i-arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy ye-ventricle efanele ebonakala ngokuphuma kwezimpawu zikagesi eziphazamisekile.

Izinkinga ze-cardiomyopathy

Kwezinye izimo, i-cardiomyopathy ayinayo imbangela eyaziwayo. Kuthiwa i-idiopathic.

Kwezinye izimo, izimbangela eziningana zingenzeka.

Lokhu kubandakanya ikakhulukazi:

• imvelaphi yofuzo;
• esinye isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi njengesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa, isifo se-valve noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongapheli;
• isifo senhliziyo esilimaza i-myocardium;
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane enhliziyweni;
• izifo ze-metabolic noma ukuphazamiseka okufana nesifo sikashukela;
• ukuntula ukudla okunomsoco;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa;
• ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cardiomyopathy

Ukuxilongwa kuqala kusekelwe ekuhlolweni komtholampilo. Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uhlola izimpawu ezitholiwe kodwa futhi unentshisekelo emlandweni wezokwelapha womuntu ngamunye nomndeni.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kujulise ukutholakala kwe-cardiomyopathy. Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathembela ekuhlolweni okuningana:

• i-x-ray yesifuba ukuhlaziya ubukhulu nokuma kwenhliziyo;
• i-electrocardiogram ukurekhoda umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo;
• i-echocardiogram yokunquma umthamo wegazi elimpontshwa yinhliziyo;
• i-catheterization yenhliziyo ukuthola izinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo (imithambo yegazi evinjiwe noma emincane, njll.);
• ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwe-treadmill ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ekuqaleni, i-cardiomyopathy ingase ihlale ingabonakali.

Lapho i-cardiomyopathy iba yimbi, ukusebenza kwe-myocardium kuya ngokuya kuthinteka. Imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthaka.

Izimpawu eziningi zobuthakathaka zingabonwa:

• ukukhathala;
• ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzikhandla, okuhlanganisa phakathi nemisebenzi evamile;
• i-pallor;
• isiyezi;
• isiyezi;
• ukuquleka

I-palpitations yenhliziyo

Ezinye i-cardiomyopathies zingaholela ku-arrhythmia yenhliziyo. Lokhu kubonakala ngokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okungahlelekile nokungajwayelekile. 

ubuhlungu besifuba

Ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, bungase buzwakale. Akufanele inganakwa ngoba ingabonisa inkinga yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Noma yikuphi ubuhlungu esifubeni kudinga iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Izimpawu ezimbalwa okufanele ziqaphele:

• ubuhlungu buyazuma, buqine futhi buqinise isifuba;
• ubuhlungu buhlala imizuzu engaphezu kwemihlanu futhi abuhambi nokuphumula;
• ubuhlungu abuhambi ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngemva kokuthatha i-trinitrin kubantu abaphathwa i-angina pectoris;
• ubuhlungu buphumela emhlathini, engalweni yangakwesokunxele, emhlane, entanyeni noma esiswini.
• ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu lapho uphefumula;
• ubuhlungu buhambisana nokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuphefumula, i-pallor, ukujuluka, isicanucanu, ukukhathazeka, isiyezi, ngisho nokuquleka;
• ubuhlungu buhambisana nesigqi esingavamile noma esisheshayo.

Ubungozi bezinkinga

I-Cardiomyopathy ingaba yimbangela ye-myocardial infarction, noma isifo senhliziyo. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esibalulekile.

Izinketho zokwelapha zincike kumingcele eminingi kuhlanganise nohlobo lwe-cardiomyopathy, imbangela yayo, ukuvela kwayo kanye nesimo somuntu othintekayo.

Kuye ngecala, ukwelashwa kwe-cardiomyopathy kungase kusekelwe endleleni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu:

• izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingase ikakhulukazi zifake isazi sokudla noma isazi sokudla okunempilo;
• ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okungaba nemigomo eminingi: ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukusiza ukukhulula imithambo yegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane, ukugcina ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuvamile, ukwandisa umthamo wenhliziyo wokupompa, ukuvimbela amahlule egazi kanye / noma ukukhuthaza ukuqedwa koketshezi oluningi emzimbeni;
• ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker noma i-automatic implantable defibrillator (ICD);
• ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okungaba ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukuvimbela kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekugcineni indlela yokuphila enempilo:

• udle ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela;
• gwema noma ulwe nokukhuluphala ngokweqile;
• yenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba;
• ukungabhemi, noma ukuyeka ukubhema;
• nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala;
• landela izincomo zezokwelapha;
• njll