I-Aspergillosis isifo esibangelwa isikhunta sohlobo lwe-Aspergillus. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lwenzeka ikakhulukazi emaphashini, futhi ikakhulukazi kubantu abantekenteke kanye/noma abangenawo amandla omzimba. Imithi eminingi ye-antifungal ingacatshangelwa kuye ngokuthi kunjalo.

Incazelo ye-aspergillosis

I-Aspergillosis igama lezokwelapha elihlanganisa ndawonye zonke izifo ezibangelwa isikhunta sohlobo lwe-Aspergillus. Zibangelwa ukuhogela kwezinhlamvu zalezi sikhunta (okungendlela ethile imbewu yesikhunta). Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi i-aspergillosis ivela ikakhulukazi emgudwini wokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi emaphashini.

Imbangela ye-aspergillosis

I-Aspergillosis ukutheleleka nge-fungus yohlobo lwe-Aspergillus. Ezimweni ezingu-80%, kungenxa yezinhlobo zezilwane I-Aspergillus fumigatus. Ezinye izinhlobo, kuhlanganise a. Niger, A. nidulans, A. flavus, kanye no-A. versicolor, kungase futhi kube imbangela ye-aspergillosis.

Izinhlobo ze-aspergilloses

Singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aspergillosis:

• I-aspergillosis ye-allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ewukusabela ngokweqile kwezinhlobo ze-Aspergillus, okwenzeka kakhulu ku-asthmatics kanye nabantu abane-cystic fibrosis;
• i-aspergilloma, i-aspergillosis yamaphaphu ephumela ekwakhekeni kwebhola lokukhunta emgodini wamaphaphu futhi elandela isifo sangaphambilini njengesifo sofuba noma i-sarcoidosis;
• i-aspergillary sinusitis okuwuhlobo olungavamile lwe-aspergillosis emathuneni;
• i-aspergillosis engavamile lapho ukutheleleka nge I-Aspergillus fumigatus isuka emgudwini wokuphefumula iye kwezinye izitho zomzimba (ubuchopho, inhliziyo, isibindi, izinso, njll.) ngokusebenzisa igazi.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aspergillosis

Isekelwe ekuhlolweni komtholampilo okungase kwengezwe ngokuhlolwa okujulile:

• ukuhlaziywa kwesampula yebhayoloji evela endaweni enegciwane ukuze kuhlonzwe uhlobo lwesikhunta;
• i-x-ray noma i-CT scan yendawo ethelelekile.

Abantu abaphethwe i-aspergillosis

Ezimweni eziningi, umzimba uyakwazi ukulwa nezinhlobo ze-Aspergillus futhi uvimbele i-aspergillosis. Lokhu kutheleleka kwenzeka kuphela uma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luguqulwa noma uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka.

Ingozi yokuthola i-aspergillosis iphezulu kakhulu kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• isifuba somoya;
• i-cystic fibrosis;
• umlando wesifo sofuba noma i-sarcoidosis;
• ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba, kuhlanganise nokufakelwa komnkantsha;
• ukwelashwa komdlavuza;
• umthamo omkhulu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-corticosteroid isikhathi eside;
• i-neutropenia ende.

Izimpawu zokuphefumula

I-Aspergillosis ibangelwa ukungcoliswa komgudu wokuphefumula. Ivame ukukhula emaphashini futhi ibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezahlukene zokuphefumula:

• ukukhwehlela;
• ukushaya ikhwela;
• ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Ezinye izimpawu

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-aspergillosis kanye nenkambo yayo, ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele:

• imfiva ;
• i-sinusitis;
• i-rhinitis;
• ikhanda;
• iziqephu ze-malaise;
• ukukhathala;
• ukuncipha komzimba;
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• isikhwehlela esinegazi (i-hemoptysis).

Lokhu kutheleleka kwe-Aspergillus kwelashwa ikakhulukazi ngemithi ye-antifungal (isb i-voriconazole, i-amphotericin B, i-itraconazole, i-posaconazole, i-echinocandins, njll.).

Kukhona okuhlukile. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa kwe-antifungal akusebenzi ku-aspergilloma. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke ukuze kukhishwe ibhola le-fungal. Ngokuphathelene ne-allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, ukwelashwa kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-corticosteroids ngama-aerosol noma ngomlomo.

Ukuvimbela kungabandakanya ukusekela izivikeli mzimba zabantu abantekenteke kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabo ezinhlamvu zesikhunta zohlobo lwe-Aspergillus. Ezigulini ezisengozini enkulu, ukuhlukaniswa ekamelweni elingenalutho kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvela kwe-aspergillosis ehlaselayo ngemiphumela emibi.