I-Asthenospermia ukungajwayelekile kwesidoda okuthinta ukuhamba kwesidoda. Ukuhamba okuncane, i-spermatozoa ibona amandla abo okufaka umquba eguqulwa, okunomthelela ekuvundeni kwamadoda. Lo mbhangqwana ungaba nobunzima bokukhulelwa.

I-Asthenospermia, noma i-asthenozoospermia, ukungajwayelekile kwesidoda okubonakaliswa ukungahambi kahle kwesidoda. Kungaguqula ukuzala kwendoda futhi kunciphise namathuba okukhulelwa kwabashadikazi ngoba uma bengahambisani ngokwanele, isidoda asikwazi ukusuka esithweni sangasese siye kubhubhu ukuze kuvundiswe i-oocyte.

I-Asthenospermia ingahlukaniswa noma ihlotshaniswe nokunye ukungafani kwesidoda. Endabeni ye-OATS, noma i-oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia, ihlotshaniswa ne-oligospermia (ukugxila kwesidoda ngaphansi kwamanani ajwayelekile) ne-teratozoospermia (inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-spermatozoa elimise ngokungajwayelekile). Umthelela ekuzaleni kwabantu uyoba mkhulu kakhulu.

Njengakho konke ukungajwayelekile kwesidoda, izimbangela ze-oligospermia zingaba ziningi:

• ukutheleleka, umkhuhlane;
• ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-hormonal;
• ukutholakala kwama-anti-sperm antibodies;
• ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa (utshwala, ugwayi, izidakamizwa, ukungcola, njll.);
• ukungajwayelekile kofuzo;
• i-varicocele;
• ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo;
• izifo ezivamile (izinso, isibindi);
• ukwelashwa (i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, izidakamizwa ezithile)

I-Asthenospermia ayinazo izimpawu ngaphandle kobunzima bokukhulelwa.

I-Asthenospermia itholakala nge-spermogram, ukuhlaziywa komzimba kwesidoda okwenziwe ngokuhlelekile emadodeni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuzala kwabashadikazi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuhlolisiswa imingcele ehlukahlukene yesidoda, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba kwesidoda. Leli yiphesenti lesidoda esikwazi ukuthuthuka sisuka esithweni sangasese siye kuthubhu ukuze livundise i-oocyte. Ukuze kuhlolwe le pharamitha, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bahlola, kudonsi lesidoda elibekwe phakathi kwamaslayidi amabili, iphesenti lesidoda esinamandla okuwela ngokushesha insimu yesibonakhulu ngomugqa oqondile. Bafunda lokhu kuhamba ezindaweni ezimbili:

• kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehoreni elilodwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-ejaculation yalokho okubizwa ngokuhamba okuyinhloko;
• amahora amathathu ngemuva kokukhishwa kokunye okuthiwa ukuhamba kwesibili.

Ukuhamba kwesidoda bese kuhlukaniswa kumabanga ama-4:

• a: ukuhamba okujwayelekile, okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo;
• b: ukuhamba okuncishisiwe, okuhamba kancane noma okuqhubekayo kancane;
• c: ukunyakaza endaweni, hhayi okuqhubekayo;
• d: isidoda esinganyakazi.

Ngokuya ngamanani womkhawulo achazwe yi-WHO (1), isidoda esijwayelekile kufanele okungenani sibe no-32% wesidoda ngokuhamba okuqhubekayo (a + b) noma ngaphezulu kuka-40% ngokuhamba okujwayelekile (a). Ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo, sikhuluma nge-asthenospermia.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, i-spermogram yesibili noma yesithathu kufanele yenziwe izinyanga ezi-3 zihlukanisiwe (ubude besikhathi se-spermatogenesis yizinsuku ezingama-74) ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ngoba imingcele eminingi (ukutheleleka, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ingcindezi, ukuvezwa ubuthi, njll.) kungathonya i-spermatogenesis futhi kushintshe kancane ikhwalithi yesidoda.

Ezinye izivivinyo ziqedela ukuxilongwa:

• i-spermocytogram, ukuhlolwa okubandakanya ukutadisha isimo se-spermatozoa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholakale noma ikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwe-morphological. Uma kwenzeka i-asthenospermia kulokhu, ukungajwayelekile ezingeni le-flagellum kungaphazamisa ukuhamba kwesidoda;
• isiko lesidoda ukuthola ukutheleleka kwesidoda okungathinta i-spermatogenesis;
• isivivinyo sokusinda kokufuduka (i-TMS), okubandakanya ukukhetha nge-centrifugation i-spermatozoa esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu nokuhlola iphesenti le-spermatozoa elikwazi ukufaka umanyolo i-oocyte.

Ukuphathwa kuncike ebangeni le-asthenospermia, okunye okungahambisani nokungajwayelekile kwesidoda, ikakhulukazi ezingeni lesidoda morphology, kanye nemiphumela yezivivinyo ezahlukahlukene, imvelaphi ye-asthenospermia (uma itholakala), iminyaka yesiguli.

Uma kwenzeka i-asthenospermia emnene noma elinganiselayo, ukwelashwa kungazanywa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidoda. Isengezo se-antioxidant esingakhuthaza ukwanda kwenombolo nokuhamba kwesidoda, ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, okuyisitha se-spermatozoa. Isifundo se-Iranian (2) sikhombise ngokusobala ukuthi ukwengezwa nge-anti-oxidant coenzyme Q-10 kuthuthukise ukugxila nokuhamba kwesidoda.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwelapha imbangela ye-asthenospermia noma lapho ukwelashwa kunganikezi miphumela, izindlela ezingafani ze-ART zinganikezwa izithandani ngokuya ngesimo:

• i-in vitro fertilization (IVF);
• ukukhulelwa kwe-in vitro nge-microinjection (IVF-ICSI).