Indida yolwandle iwumthombo obaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke emhlabeni futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yokulahla enkulu. Phela silahla yonke into emgqomeni wethu kadoti bese sicabanga ukuthi udoti ngeke uphele wona ngokwawo. Kodwa ulwandle lunganikeza isintu izixazululo eziningi zemvelo, njengemithombo yamandla ehlukile. Ngezansi kunezinkinga ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa ulwandle olubhekene nazo njengamanje, kodwa kunokukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe!
Kufakazelwe ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezibanjwayo lingaholela ekulambeni kwezilwane zasolwandle. Izilwandle eziningi sezivele zidinga ukuthi kuvalwe ukudoba uma isekhona indlela yokubuyisela inani labantu. Izindlela zokudoba nazo zishiya okuningi okungafunwa. Isibonelo, i-bottom trawling ibhubhisa izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kolwandle, ezingakulungele ukudla komuntu futhi zilahlwe. Ukudoba kakhulu kushayela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane onqenqemeni lokushabalala.
Izizathu zokuncipha kwenani lezinhlanzi zilele eqinisweni lokuthi abantu babamba izinhlanzi ukuze zidliwe, nasekukhiqizeni kwazo imikhiqizo yezempilo, njengamafutha ezinhlanzi. Izinga elidliwayo lezinhlanzi zasolwandle lisho ukuthi zizoqhubeka zivunwa, kodwa izindlela zokuvuna kufanele zibe mnene.
Ngaphandle kokudoba ngokweqile, oshaka basesimweni esibucayi. Amashumi ezigidi zabantu ngonyaka avunwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaphiko abo. Izilwane ziyabanjwa, amaphiko azo ayanqunywa futhi ziphonswe olwandle ukuze zife! Izimbambo zikashaka zisetshenziswa njengesithako esobho. Oshaka baphezulu kwiphiramidi yokudla yezilwane ezizingelayo, okusho ukuthi banezinga lokuzala elihamba kancane. Inani lezilwane ezidla ezinye lilawula inani lezinye izinhlobo. Lapho izilwane ezizingelayo ziphuma ochungechungeni, izinhlobo ezincane zezilwane ziqala ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi ukuzungeza kwe-ecosystem kuya phansi kuyawohloka.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana olwandle, umkhuba wokubulala oshaka kufanele uyekwe. Ngenhlanhla, ukuqonda le nkinga kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuthandwa kwesobho le-shark fin.
Ulwandle lumunca i-CO2 ngezinqubo zemvelo, kodwa ngezinga impucuko idedela ngalo i-CO2 emkhathini ngokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ibhalansi ye-pH yolwandle ayikwazi ukuqhubeka.
“I-acidification yolwandle manje seyenzeka ngokushesha kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi emlandweni woMhlaba, futhi uma ubheka ukucindezela ingxenye yesikhutha, uzobona ukuthi izinga layo lifana nesimo esasikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-35 edlule.” kusho uJelle Bizhma, usihlalo wohlelo lwe-Euroclimate.
Leli yiqiniso elethusa kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, izilwandle zizoba ne-asidi kangangokuthi ngeke zikwazi ukusekela ukuphila. Ngamanye amazwi, izinhlobo eziningi zizofa, kusukela kumagobolondo kuya kumakhorali kuya ezinhlanzini.
Ukulondolozwa kwezixhobo zamakhorali kungenye inkinga yendawo ezungezile. Izixhobo zamakhorali zisekela ukuphila kwezilwane eziningi ezincane zasolwandle, ngakho-ke, ukuma isinyathelo esisodwa phezulu ukuya kubantu, futhi lokhu akukona nje ukudla, kodwa futhi kuyisici somnotho.
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokushabalala kwamakhorali, kodwa kunezinye izici ezingezinhle. Ososayensi basebenzela le nkinga, kuneziphakamiso zokusungula izindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle, njengoba ukuba khona kwezixhobo zamakhorali kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphila kolwandle lulonke.
Izindawo ezifile yizindawo lapho kungekho khona ukuphila ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubhekwa njengembangela enkulu yokuvela kwezindawo ezifile. Inani lezo zindawo likhula ngokumangalisayo, manje sekukhona abangaba ngu-400 kubo, kodwa lesi sibalo sikhula njalo.
Ukuba khona kwezindawo ezifile kubonisa ngokusobala ukuxhumana kwakho konke okukhona emhlabeni. Kuvela ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo emhlabeni kungavimbela ukwakheka kwezindawo ezifile ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane eziphumela olwandle oluvulekile.
Ulwandle, ngeshwa, lungcoliswe ngamakhemikhali amaningi, kodwa i-mercury ithwala ingozi embi kakhulu ukuthi igcine etafuleni lokudla kwabantu. Izindaba ezibuhlungu ukuthi amazinga e-mercury ezilwandle zomhlaba azoqhubeka ekhuphuka. Ivelaphi? Ngokusho kwe-Environmental Protection Agency, izimboni zamandla kagesi ngamalahle ziwumthombo omkhulu wezimboni we-mercury. I-Mercury iqala ithathwe yizilwane ezingaphansi kweketango lokudla, futhi ikhuphukele ngqo ekudleni komuntu, ikakhulukazi ngesimo se-tuna.
Ezinye izindaba ezidumazayo. Asikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa siyaqaphela isiqeshana esikhulu esinomugqa wepulasitiki ongange-Texas phakathi nendawo yoLwandlekazi i-Pacific. Uma ubheka, kufanele ucabange ngekusasa likadoti owulahlayo, ikakhulukazi lowo othatha isikhathi eside ukubola.
Ngenhlanhla, i-Great Pacific Garbage Route idonse ukunaka kwezinhlangano zezemvelo, kuhlanganise ne-Kaisei Project, eyenza umzamo wokuqala wokuhlanza indawo kadoti.