Ngaphandle kokudluliselwa, akukho psychoanalysis.

“Ngathola umelaphi wami ngenhlanhla, kuyi-Internet, futhi ngabona ngokushesha ukuthi nguye,” kusho uSofia oneminyaka engu-45, osekuphele izinyanga eziyisithupha eya kokwelapha. – Kuzo zonke izikhathi, uyangimangaza; sihleka sobabili, ngifuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngaye: ingabe ushadile, zikhona izingane. Kodwa izazi ze-psychoanalyst ziyakugwema ukukhuluma ngemininingwane yokuphila kwabo siqu. “Bakhetha ukulondoloza isimo sokungathathi-hlangothi, uFreud asibheka njengesisekelo sokwelashwa kwengqondo,” kuphawula isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMarina Harutyunyan. Njengoba ehlala engathathi hlangothi, umhlaziyi uvumela isiguli ukuba sicabange ngokukhululekile ngaye. Futhi lokhu kubangela ukudluliselwa kwemizwa endaweni nesikhathi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukudlulisa.¹.

Ukuqonda amaphupho

Kunombono odumile we-psychoanalysis (kanye nokudluliselwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yakho) esiwuthatha kusiko lwe-pop. Isithombe se-psychoanalyst sikhona kumafilimu amaningi: "Hlaziya Lokhu", "The Sopranos", "The Couch in New York", "Color of Night", cishe kuwo wonke amafilimu kaWoody Allen. “Lo mbono olula usenza sikholelwe ukuthi isiguli sibona umelapha njengomama noma ubaba. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, - icacisa Marina Harutyunyan. "Iklayenti alidluliseli kumhlaziyi hhayi isithombe sikamama wangempela, kodwa inganekwane ngaye, noma mhlawumbe iphupho ngesici esithile ngaye."

Ngakho-ke, "umama" angahlukana abe usingamama omubi, ofisa ukuthi ingane ife noma imhlukumeze, nomama onomusa, onothando olungenasici. Ingase futhi imelelwe ngokwengxenye, ngendlela yenganekwane yebele elikahle, elihlala litholakala. Yini enquma ukuthi iyiphi iphupho elithile leklayenti elizovezwa ku-psychoanalyst? "Kusukela kulokho okuhlukumezeka kwakhe, lapho umqondo wokuthuthuka kwempilo yakhe wephulwa khona," kuchaza uMarina Harutyunyan, "futhi siyini ngempela isizinda sokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe nezifiso zakhe engazi lutho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "njenge-beam yokukhanya" eyodwa noma "imishayo" ehlukene, konke lokhu kuzibonakalisa ekwelashweni okude kokuhlaziya.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iklayenti lithola futhi liqaphele amaphupho alo (ahlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni) njengembangela yobunzima balo okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukudluliselwa kungabizwa ngokuthi amandla okushayela kwengqondo.

Hhayi uthando kuphela

Eshukunyiswa umhlaziyi, iklayenti liqala ukuqonda imizwa yalo ekudluliseleni futhi liqonde ukuthi lixhumene nani. Iklayenti lenza iphutha lokuphambanisa umelaphi ngento yemizwa yakhe, kodwa imizwa ngokwayo ingokoqobo. “Asinalo ilungelo lokuphikisa uhlobo lothando “lweqiniso” ekuthandeni, olubonakala ekwelashweni kokuhlaziya,” kubhala uSigmund Freud. Futhi futhi: “Lokhu kuthandana kuqukethe izinhlelo ezintsha zezici ezindala futhi kuphinda ukusabela kwezingane. Kodwa lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile sanoma yiluphi uthando. Alukho uthando olungaphindi iphethini yengane.².

Ukudluliselwa kuveza amaphupho futhi kusekela isifiso seklayenti sokukhuluma ngaye siqu nokuziqonda ukuze enze lokhu. Nokho, uthando oluningi lungaphazamisa. Iklayenti liqala ukugwema ukuvuma kumaphupho anjalo, okuthi, ngokombono walo, kumenze angathandeki emehlweni omelaphi. Uyayikhohlwa injongo yakhe yasekuqaleni—ukuphulukiswa. Ngakho-ke, umelaphi ubuyisela iklayenti emisebenzini yokwelapha. “Umhlaziyi wami wangichazela ukuthi ukushintshelwa kwelinye izwe kusebenza kanjani lapho ngivuma ukuthi ngiyamthanda,” kukhumbula uLyudmila oneminyaka engu-42 ubudala.

Cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo sihlobanisa ukudluliselwa kanye nokuba sothandweni, kodwa kukhona okunye okuhlangenwe nakho ekudluliseleni okuqala ebuntwaneni. "Phela ngeke kushiwo ukuthi ingane ithandana nabazali bayo, lokhu kuyingxenye yemizwa," kugcizelela uMarina Harutyunyan. - Uncike kubazali bakhe, uyesaba ukulahlekelwa yibo, lezi zibalo ezivusa imizwelo eqinile, hhayi kuphela emihle. Ngakho-ke, ukwesaba, ukufutheka, inzondo kuvela ekudlulisweni. Bese kuthi-ke iklayenti lingamangalela umelaphi ngobuthulu, ukungakwazi, ukuhaha, limcabangele ukuthi unecala ngokwehluleka kwakhe ... Lokhu futhi ukudluliselwa, kuphela okungalungile. Kwesinye isikhathi iba namandla kangangokuthi iklayenti lifuna ukuphazamisa inqubo yokwelapha. Umsebenzi womhlaziyi kuleli cala, njengasohlangothini lokuthandana, ukukhumbuza iklayenti ukuthi umgomo wakhe ukuphulukisa nokumsiza ukuba enze imizwa ibe yisihloko sokuhlaziya.

Umelaphi udinga "ukuphatha" ukudluliselwa. “Lokhu kulawula kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi wenza ngokuvumelana nezimpawu ezinikezwa iklayenti ngokungazi, lapho esibeka esikhundleni sikanina, umfowabo, noma ezama indima yokuba ubaba ononya, esiphoqa ukuba sibe ingane. , okuyinto yena ngokwakhe,” kuchaza isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uVirginie Meggle (Virginie Meggle). - Siyawa kulo mdlalo. Senza sengathi. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, sisesiteji sizama ukuqagela izicelo ezithule zothando. Ukungabaphenduli ukuze iklayenti lithole indlela yalo nezwi lalo.” Lo msebenzi udinga i-psychotherapist ukuthi ithole ibhalansi engakhululekile.

Ingabe kufanele ngesabe ukudluliswa?

Kwamanye amaklayenti, ukudluliselwa kanye nokunamathiselwe kumelaphi kuyathusa. "Ngizokwenza i-psychoanalysis, kodwa ngesaba ukuzwa ukudluliswa futhi ngiphinde ngihlushwe uthando olungafanele," kuvuma uStella oneminyaka engu-36, ofuna usizo ngemva kokuhlukana. Kodwa ayikho i-psychoanalysis ngaphandle kokudluliselwa.

"Kudingeka udlule kulesi sikhathi sokuncika ukuze isonto nesonto ubuye futhi futhi futhi sixoxe," u-Virginie Meggle uyaqiniseka. “Izinkinga zempilo azinakwelashwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngokusho kwencwadi engokwengqondo.” Kodwa kunohlamvu lomqondo ovamile ekuxwayiseni amaklayenti: odokotela bengqondo abangazange bahlolwe ngokwanele ngokwengqondo ngokwabo bangase bangakwazi ngempela ukubhekana nokudluliselwa. Ngokuphendula imizwa yeklayenti ngemizwa yakhe, umeluleki ubeka ingozi yokwephula imingcele yakhe yomuntu siqu futhi abhubhise isimo sokwelapha.

“Uma inkinga yeklayenti iwela endaweni engamaphesenti angama-XNUMX entuthukweni yomuntu omelaphi, khona-ke lona ongase ahluleke ukuzibamba, UMarina Harutyunyan uyacacisa. "Futhi esikhundleni sokuhlaziya ukudluliselwa, umelaphi kanye neklayenti bayakulingisa." Kulokhu, ukwelashwa akunakwenzeka. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma ukuyimisa ngokushesha. Futhi iklayenti - ukuphendukela komunye udokotela we-psychoanalyst ukuze athole usizo, kanye nomelaphi - aphendukele ekugadweni: ukuxoxa ngomsebenzi wabo nozakwabo abanolwazi oluthe xaxa.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhasimende

Uma izindaba zethu zothando ezijwayelekile zigcwele izinkanuko nokudumazeka, sizobhekana nakho konke lokhu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngokuthula kwakhe, ngokwenqaba kwakhe ukuphendula imizwa yeklayenti, umhlaziyi uvusa ngamabomu ukuvuswa kwezipoki esikhathini esidlule. Indawo yokwelapha isebenza njengelabhorethri lapho sibiza khona izipoki zesikhathi esidlule, kodwa ngaphansi kokulawula. Ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphinda okubuhlungu kwezimo nobudlelwano obudlule. Ukudluliselwa ngomqondo oqondile wegama kubonakala ku-psychoanalysis kanye nezinhlobo zakudala ze-psychotherapy ezikhule ngenxa ye-psychoanalysis. Kuqala lapho iklayenti likholelwa ukuthi lithole umuntu okwaziyo ukuqonda imbangela yezinkinga zalo.

Ukudluliselwa kungenzeka nangaphambi kweseshini yokuqala: isibonelo, lapho iklayenti lifunda incwadi ngodokotela walo wengqondo wesikhathi esizayo. Ekuqaleni kwe-psychotherapy, isimo sengqondo ngomelaphi sivame ukucatshangwa kahle, ubonwa iklayenti njengomuntu ongaphezu kwemvelo. Futhi lapho iklayenti lizwa inqubekelaphambili, lizazisa kakhulu umelaphi, limkhonze, ngezinye izikhathi lize lifune nokulipha izipho. Kodwa njengoba ukuhlaziya kuqhubeka, iklayenti liyazi kangcono imizwa yalo.

«Umhlaziyi uyamsiza ukuthi acubungule lawo mafindo aboshwe equlekile, aziqondi futhi azibonakali, - kukhumbuza uMarina Harutyunyan. - Uchwepheshe wenqubo yokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwengqondo, esebenza nozakwabo abanolwazi olunzulu, uthuthukisa isakhiwo esikhethekile sokuhlaziya ingqondo. Inqubo yokwelapha isiza ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo esifanayo esigulini. Kancane kancane, inani liyashintsha lisuka ku-psychoanalyst njengomuntu liye enqubweni yomsebenzi wabo ohlangene. Iklayenti liyazinaka kakhulu, liqala ukuba nesithakazelo endleleni impilo yalo engokomoya lisebenza ngayo, futhi lihlukanise imicabango yalo ebuhlotsheni bangempela. Ukuqwashisa kuyakhula, umkhuba wokuzibheka uyavela, futhi iklayenti idinga ukuhlaziya kancane kancane, iphenduke "umhlaziyi kuye ngokwakhe."

Uyaqonda ukuthi izithombe azamile kumelaphi zingezakhe nomlando wakhe. Abelaphi bavame ukuqhathanisa lesi sigaba nesikhathi lapho umzali ekhulula isandla somntwana ukuze avumele ingane ukuthi izihambela yodwa. "Iklayenti kanye nomhlaziyi abantu abenze umsebenzi obalulekile, ojulile, nobucayi ndawonye," kusho uMarina Harutyunyan. - Futhi omunye wemiphumela yalo msebenzi uwukuthi iklayenti alisadingi ukuba khona njalo komhlaziyi ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke. Kodwa umhlaziyi ngeke alibaleke futhi ngeke abe umuntu odlulayo.” Imizwa efudumele nezinkumbulo zizohlala isikhathi eside.

¹ "Dlulisa" yigama lesiRashiya elilingana negama elithi "ukudlulisa". Igama elithi "ukudluliselwa" lasetshenziswa ekuhumusheni kwangaphambi kokuguquguquka kwemisebenzi kaSigmund Freud. Yimaphi amagama asetshenziswa kaningi esikhathini samanje, kunzima ukusho, mhlawumbe ngokulinganayo. Kodwa sikhetha igama elithi «ukudlulisa» futhi esikhathini esizayo esihlokweni esisisebenzisayo.

² Z. Freud "Amanothi Ngothando Lokudluliselwa". Uhlelo lokuqala lwavela ngo-1915.