Intsha eye yabhekana nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu ivame ukufuna indlela yokuqeda ubuhlungu bayo bangaphakathi. Futhi le ndlela ingaba izidakamizwa. Ungakuvimbela kanjani lokhu?
Intsha eye yahlangabezana nezenzakalo ezingase zibe buhlungu ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-11 ubudala, ngokwesilinganiso, ingase izame izinhlobo ezahlukene zezidakamizwa. Lesi siphetho safinyelelwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uHannah Carliner kanye nozakwabo.1.
Bacwaninge amafayela omuntu siqu entsha ecishe ibe yi-10: u-11% wayo ubeyizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, u-18% waba nezingozi, kanti omunye u-15% wezisulu zezingozi kwakuyizihlobo.
Kuvele ukuthi u-22% wentsha useke wayizama insangu, u-2% - i-cocaine, u-5% wadla izidakamizwa ezinamandla ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela, u-3% - ezinye izidakamizwa, no-6% - izinhlobo eziningana zezidakamizwa.
“Izingane zihlukumezeka kakhulu,” kusho uHannah Karliner. Abasindile kunamathuba amaningi okuthi basebenzise izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokulutha ibuye ithinteke ngezinye izenzakalo ezibuhlungu ezenzeka ebuntwaneni: izingozi zezimoto, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kunzima ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
Ngokuvamile, izingane zazizama izidakamizwa, abazali bazo ngokwabo ababeyimilutha yezidakamizwa noma uphuzo oludakayo. Ababhali bocwaningo babona izincazelo ezimbalwa ezingaba khona zalokhu. Izingane emikhayeni enjalo zinethuba lokuzama izidakamizwa ekhaya noma ziye zazuza njengefa ukuthambekela kwemikhuba emibi kubazali bazo. Ukubuka abazali babo, bayabona ukuthi kungenzeka "ukukhulula ukucindezeleka" ngosizo lwezinto ezithinta ingqondo. Iqiniso lokuthi abazali abanjalo ngokuvamile bayayidebeselela imisebenzi yokukhulisa ingane nalo linendima.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwentsha ngezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ingadabukisa: kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukulutheka okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Njengoba abacwaningi begcizelela, izingane eziye zabhekana nokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo zidinga ukusekelwa okukhethekile okuvela esikoleni, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nemindeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubafundisa ukubhekana nokucindezeleka nokuhlangenwe nakho okunzima. Uma kungenjalo, izidakamizwa zizothatha indima yokulwa nokucindezeleka.
1 H. Carliner et al. "Ukuhlukumezeka Kwezingane kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Ezingekho Emthethweni Ebusheni: Ucwaningo Olusekelwe Ebantwini Lukazwelonke Lwe-Comorbidity Replication-Adolescent Supplement Study", Ijenali ye-American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2016.