Kungani kungathandeki ukusabalalisa i-hogweed Sosnowski

Abantu bathi: uma ufuna ukucasula umakhelwane wakho, faka imbewu ye-hogweed kaSosnovsky engadini yakhe. Hlobo luni lwesitshalo lesi futhi kungani abalimi besabeka kangaka?

IHogweed – ngesiLatini – Herácléum iyilungu lomndeni wesambulela futhi inezinhlobo ezingama-52. Eziningi zazo zimila eMpumalanga Nenkabazwe, ezindaweni ezipholile. Ensimini yezwe lakithi kunezinhlobo ezingu-40 zezitshalo zalolu hlobo. Kuze kube muva nje, i-hogweed yaseSiberia ibibhekwa njengejwayelekile kakhulu. Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, i-hogweed ye-Sosnowsky kancane kancane ibe umholi.

Umlando omncane

Kunezinguqulo eziningana zomlando wokuvela kwalesi sitshalo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-cow parsnip ka-Sosnowski iwumphumela wocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo olwenziwa isikhungo esiyimfihlo. Kodwa uma sicabangela isimo sengqondo sikahulumeni wase-USSR ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-30 no-40, ikakhulukazi uStalin, kuzakhi zofuzo, le nguqulo ibonakala iyinkinga.

Impendulo yombuzo ingaphakanyiswa ngegama lesiLatini lesi sitshalo - uHerácléum sosnovskyi Manden. Igama lokugcina liyisifinyezo segama lesazi sezinto eziphilayo esilihlonze futhi silichaza. Kungokuka-Ida Panovna Mandenova, isazi sezitshalo esihlelekile saseSoviet naseGeorgia. Unezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-giant hogweed, azikhombile futhi wazichaza ngenkathi efunda izimbali zaseCaucasus ngeminyaka yama-40s ekhulwini lama-XX. I-hogweed kaSosnovsky yaqanjwa ngoDmitry Ivanovich Sosnovsky, owenza okuningi ukutadisha izitshalo zaseCaucasus. I-hogweed kaSosnovsky yesitshalo yayikhona emvelweni isikhathi eside, kodwa yayinendawo elinganiselwe. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo “kuwukufaneleka” kwendoda eyethula lesi sikhulu esikweni, okwaholela enhlekeleleni yemvelo ye-anthropogenic.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuhlolwa kokwethulwa kwalesi sitshalo emasikweni kwaqala ngo-1946, eminyakeni emi-4 ngemva kokushona kuka-Academician Vavilov, ohlonishwa ngalezi zifundo. Wenza ucwaningo e-Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden, etholakala esifundeni saseMurmansk. Ukukhetha okunjalo okungajwayelekile kwesifunda kungachazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngokwemvelo izinhlobo eziningi ze-hogweed zikhula endaweni ye-subalpine.

I-parsnip yenkomo kaSosnovsky yayihloselwe ukondla izilwane. Isisindo esikhulu sebhayoloji yalesi sitshalo - esingafika ku-2500 centner ehektheleni ngalinye - sinikeze amathemba aqhakazile okusisebenzisa njengesilimo sokudla. Kodwa amathemba ayengenasisekelo. Ubisi lwezinkomo oluvela ekudleni okunjalo lwababa. Njengoba i-parsnip yenkomo ka-Sosnovsky yaba isibulala-magciwane, kwakungenakwenzeka ukubilisa ubisi ukuze lucutshungulwe. Ngenxa yomsebenzi oqinile we-estrogenic walesi sitshalo, izinkomo zaqala ukuba nezinkinga ngokuzala. Amathole awazange achanyuselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, bayeka ukuphakela imfuyo lesi sitshalo, kodwa indlela yokuhlaliswa kwezitshalo yase iqalile.

Izici zezinto eziphilayo ze-hogweed Sosnovsky

Incazelo yalesi sitshalo kufanele iqale ngosayizi wayo omkhulu.

• Ukuphakama kungafinyelela ku-3 m.
• Ubukhulu besiqu - kufika ku-8 cm.
• I-tap root ingena ijule emhlabathini ifike ku-2 m.
• Amaqabunga ahlaba umxhwele agcina ngama-spikes amancane, afinyelela ububanzi obuyi-1,2 m nobude obuyi-1,5 m.
• Izimbali - izambulela ezinkulu ezifika ku-40 cm ububanzi, ezinezimbali ezifika ku-80. Lapha bafanekiselwa yonke inkazimulo yabo.

  

• Lesi sitshalo sine-monoecious, ngakho-ke asidingi i-pollinator. Ngisho nekhophi eyodwa ingaqala iqoqo lama-giants. Izimbali zithuthwa impova yizinambuzane.

Inani lembewu otshanini beHercules liyivumela ukuthi inqobe ngempumelelo zonke izindawo ezintsha, abanikazi bamarekhodi banama-35 kubo. Futhi impahla efana ne-monocarpicity, okungukuthi, ikhono lokukhula kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqhakaza futhi sinikeza imbewu, kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulwa ne-hogweed. Inqubo yokukhula ekuqhakazeni ingathatha iminyaka eyi-000 ngisho nokugunda ngonyaka. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuphezulu futhi kufika ku-12%. Ukuphila kwabo okuphezulu iminyaka engama-89. Alula futhi athwalwa umoya amabanga amade.

• Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti, futhi imbewu ivuthwa ngo-August-September.
• Isiqu sine-pubescence.
• Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hogweed zingazalanisa, zenze ama-hybrids.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ubukhulu obukhulu obuvumela lesi sitshalo ukuthi sibuse futhi sisuse omakhelwane baso.

Iqiniso elihehayo

Imvamisa, i-hogweed kaSosnovsky ikhula ezindaweni ezinotshani obuphazamisekile - eduze nezibaya zezinkomo zangaphambili nasezindaweni lapho ubulongwe obungavuthiwe buqoqwe khona, lapho imfuyo ivame ukuhamba khona. Kunencazelo elula yaleli qiniso. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-hogweed ye-Sosnowsky idla i-cyanobacteria namanye amagciwane e-anaerobic, akhona ngokweqile ezindaweni ezinomoya-mpilo omncane, okungukuthi lapho kukhona ukunqwabelana komquba.

Inqubo efana ne-avalanche iyabonakala: lapho lesi sitshalo sondla futhi sikhula kangcono, lapho umoya-mpilo omncane useduze naso, i-cyanobacteria iyanda kakhulu. Ukuqeda izimbangi, lesi sitshalo sifunde ukukhulula izinto ezikhethekile emhlabathini ezinomphumela omubi kumaseli ane-nucleus. Lezi zinto zibavimbela ekuhlukaniseni, zibacekele phansi ngokuphumelelayo. I-Cyanobacteria namanye ama-anaerobes awanayo i-nucleus, futhi i-hogweed kuphela ethola konke. Lesi sici siyenza ingabulawa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhawulela indawo yokuhlala.

Izakhiwo eziyingozi ze-hogweed Sosnovsky

Kungani i-parsnip yenkomo kaSosnovsky iyingozi? Amafutha abalulekile afakwe ekubunjweni kwawo, isithako esiyinhloko esisebenzayo okuyi-furocoumarins, enomphumela we-photosensitizing, okwenza i-photodermatosis esikhumbeni. Ama-alkaloid nama-triterpene saponins aqukethwe kulo mdondoshiya nawo athathwa njengobuthi kubantu. Ngakho-ke, i-hogweed kaSosnovsky iyisitshalo esinobuthi, zonke izingxenye zayo ziyingozi, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokukhiqiza: ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nokuvuthwa kwembewu.

Ungalokothi usondele ku-parsnip yenkomo ka-Sosnovsky, futhi nakakhulu ungayithinti.

Isithombe sibonisa imiphumela yokuxhumana nalesi sitshalo esiyingozi.

Umphumela wamafutha abalulekile esikhumbeni ukuthi usivimbela ngokuphelele ukuvikelwa emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ngakho-ke, ukusha kwenzeka esikhumbeni ngemuva kokuxhumana ngisho nokuba seduze kwesitshalo, ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ku-3 degrees.

Zibuhlungu kakhulu, kunzima ukuyelapha futhi azipholi isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, ukusha okunjalo kufanele zelashwe esibhedlela. Ukubuyisela kungase kuthathe isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa. Ukusha kushiya izibazi ezibuhlungu.

Ukusha okuthinta ulwelwesi lwangaphandle lwamehlo kungase kubangele ubumpumputhe, njengoba kuthinta ne-cornea.

Ngeshwa, isikhathi sidlula phakathi kwesenzo somphunga we-ethereal we-hogweed esikhumbeni kanye nokuvela kokusabela kwesikhumba, cishe ingxenye yesine yehora, ukuthintana nesitshalo esiyingozi kuyaqhubeka futhi izinga lomonakalo liyanda, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokushiswa kakhulu. sína, ngisho nokufa.

Ukushiswa okuvela kuwo akunamandla kangako, kodwa abuhlungu kangako.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani imiphumela yokuxhumana ne-Sosnovsky's hogweed iboniswa kuvidiyo:

Lesi sitshalo siyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-allergies. Ukuthintana nayo kungase kubangele abantu abangezwani kahle, okuthiwa yi-Quincke's edema, lapho i-larynx, evuvukele ngaphakathi, ivele ingavumeli umuntu ukuba aphefumule.

Iqiniso elihehayo

Ziningi izinto ezingezinhle ezingashiwo nge-hogweed, kodwa futhi inezindawo zokwelapha. Lesi sitshalo sisebenza njenge

• ukupholisa;
• ukuqeda ubuhlungu;
• i-anti-inflammatory kanye ne-antiseptic;
• i-anticonvulsant;
• i-antispasmodic;
• i-antipruritic.

I-spectrum yesenzo sokwelapha salesi sitshalo sibanzi kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kulo, izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo zidalwe ukwelapha izifo eziningi.

I-Institute of Biology of the Republic of Komi ithole ilungelo lobunikazi lokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa okuvela ku-hogweed ka-Sosnovsky ukucindezela i-salmonella, futhi u-Sukhanov AI uhlongoza ukwelapha i-psoriasis nge-tincture yalesi sitshalo, futhi wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lale ndlela.

I-Hogweed Sosnowski, lapho ifundwa ngokuningiliziwe, iphinde yembula ezinye izinto eziwusizo.

Izinzuzo ze-hogweed Sosnovsky

• Ngemva kokufunda izitshalo zaminyaka yonke, ososayensi u-AI Sigaev no-PV Musikhin bathola ukuthi ukwakheka kwabo kanye nezakhiwo zabo zomzimba kuseduze nemihlanga. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola umkhiqizo one-fibrous semi-finished oqukethe i-cellulose. Iyakwazi ukushintsha ingxenye yezinto zokhuni ekukhiqizeni ibhodi lokupakisha.
• Kwenziwa izifundo eziyimpumelelo ukuthola i-bioethanol entweni eluhlaza ye-hogweed, okuyi-biofuel.
• Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-hogweed ye-Sosnowski njengesitshalo sefolishi, akuyona yonke into ecacile futhi. I-hogweed kaSosnovsky iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa njengesitshalo sefolishi, kodwa ngemikhawulo ethile. I-Silage evela kulesi sitshalo, exutshwe nezinye izitshalo ezinamaphrotheni amaningi, inganikezwa izilwane ezingahloselwe ukukhiqiza inzalo nobisi: amathole, izinkunzi, izinkomo ezikhuluphalisiwe. Njengoba ama-furocoumarins akhona futhi ku-hogweed silage, inani lawo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile. Ngemithamo emincane, lezi zinto zandisa ukukhiqiza kwezilwane, ngemithamo emikhulu ziwushevu.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo: kunezindlela ezingavamile kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-hogweed, isibonelo, njengensimbi yomculo noma impahla ukuvikela iziqu zezihlahla ezincane kumagundane.

Isithombe sibonisa i-chandelier eyenziwe nge-hogweed yase-Sosnowski.

Izindlela zokubhekana ne-Sosnovsky's cow parsnip

Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukulimala okuvela kukho kungaphezu kokuhle. Ukusabalala okwandayo kwalesi sitshalo esinobuthi kuyakhathaza abantu emazweni ahlukahlukene. Udaba lokulwa nalo lunqunywa ezingeni likahulumeni, emazweni amaningi sekunezinhlelo zombuso okuhloswe ngazo ukuqeda le nhlekelele yemvelo. Isibalo sezitshalo ze-hogweed sikhula njalo, sithatha izindawo eziningi ezintsha, sicindezela izitshalo zasendle nezitshaliwe ezikhula eduze.

Kungenzeka yini ukulwa naye? Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamazwe ahlukene kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka, futhi ngempumelelo impela. Kunezindlela ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nalobu tshani obukhulu obuzosiza ukuqeda insimu yezwe lethu le-hogweed, ukuyishiya ngendawo yayo yokuqala.

Okufanele ukwenze ukunqanda i-cow parsnip

• I-herbicide ingasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-hogweed ka-Sosnovsky. Okuvame kakhulu yi-Roundup. Ukugxila kwayo akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-360 g/l. Izitshalo kuyodingeka zicutshungulwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesizini. Isimo esiyinhloko inani lamaqabunga amanzi okungenani angama-70%. Noma iyiphi indlela yokucubungula ingasetshenziswa: i-sprayer, ibhulashi lokupenda. Umphumela omkhulu ubonakala lapho isitshalo siphathwa esigabeni sokukhula kabusha kwamaqabunga. Ukucutshungulwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngesudi yokuvikela amakhemikhali.
• Imikhuba yezolimo. Ukugunda utshani be-Hercules kunikeza umphumela kuphela esimweni sokulima okulandelayo, ukuqhutshwa kwediski okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuhlaliswa kwesayithi ngotshani obungapheli noma ukutshala amazambane. Akunakwenzeka ukusika i-parsnip yenkomo nge-scythe noma i-trimmer, ngoba izingxenye ezincane zesitshalo zingangena ezindaweni ezingavikelekile zomzimba.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-geotextile kungenzeka uma imbozwe ngomhlaba kusuka phezulu ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-5 cm futhi kuhlwanyelwe ngotshani botshani. Ama-geotextiles abekwe ezitshalweni ezichotshoziwe.

  

• Ukusebenzisa ifilimu emnyama. Ifilimu emnyama ibekwa endaweni eyehlelayo yomhlaba futhi icindezelwe kahle. Ngesizini ezayo, isiza kumele sitshalwe ngotshani noma isitshalo esidinga ukuxegiswa njalo.

Izinyathelo zokulawula ezingasebenzi

• Ukukhala okuvamile.
• Ukusika nokususwa kwama-rhizomes.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu emnyama engalukiwe.

I-Hogweed Sosnovsky inesihlobo esivame ukutholakala kulo lonke izwe lakithi, okungeyona nje isitshalo esinobuthi, kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside sisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokudla - i-hogweed yaseSiberia noma inqwaba. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihluke kancane. I-hogweed yaseSiberia incane kunomlingani wayo, ayikhuli ngaphezu kuka-1,8 m. Kukhona omunye umehluko: amaqabunga e-bundle ahlakazeka kakhulu, amagatsha e-stem phezulu futhi aphuzi kakhulu kune-hogweed ka-Sosnovsky.

Kukhona futhi umehluko kuma-inflorescences nezimbali zawo ezakha. Izimbali zinamacembe aphuzi ngokuluhlaza, futhi imisebe ye-ambrella inflorescence eyinkimbinkimbi i-pubescent. I-hogweed yaseSiberia ikhipha iphunga elincane elitholakala kuyo kuphela.

Kukhona nomehluko ezindaweni zokuhlala zalezi zitshalo: I-hogweed kaSosnovsky ithanda inhlabathi emanzi, kodwa ukugcwala kwamanzi kuyabulala kuye, futhi umlingani wakhe waseSiberia ukhula kahle ezindaweni ezikhukhula, eduze nosebe lwemifula nemifula - lapho inhlabathi imanzi khona. Ungahlangana naye emahlathini agqagqene.

Lolu hlobo sekuyisikhathi eside lusetshenziselwa ukudla. Lokhu kufakazelwa namagama amaningi endawo: i-hogweed, i-sorrel yasendle, i-borscht. Kudliwa amahlumela namaqabunga amancane, i-decoction yayo enuka njengamakhowe. Amaqabunga afakwa esaladini, futhi ama-petioles awo afakwe emanzini. Esitshalweni, i-caviar itholakala, enambitha njengesitshalo seqanda.

Inqwaba eluhlaza ye-hogweed yaseSiberia idliwa kalula yimfuyo.

Isiphetho

Emvelweni, kunomthetho wokulingana kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukwephulwa kwayo ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu ezingakhulelwanga kahle maqondana nesilwane noma umhlaba wezitshalo kuholela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo. Ziningi izibonelo zalokhu. Kwenzeka futhi nge-parsnip yenkomo ka-Sosnowski. Futhi uma ngesinye isikhathi yethulwa ngesiko ngokungacabangi, manje nabo bazama ukuyicekela phansi ngokungacabangi. Mhlawumbe, ngemva kokufunda i-hogweed kaSosnovsky ngokuningiliziwe, isintu sizovuka futhi siqale ukuzalanisa lokho okubhubhisa ngobudlova namuhla.