Okuqukethwe
Kungani ukhukhamba uphuzi futhi ubune endaweni abamba ukushisa: izizathu ezi-7
Abahlali basehlobo bayakhalaza: kulo nyaka isivuno samakhukhamba simbi, amaqanda awele phansi, noma izithelo ziphuzi, ziboshwe kanzima. Ngisho nesitshalo siyafa ngokuphelele. Kungaba yini isizathu, futhi, njengawo wonke umuntu, siyayiqonda imininingwane.
Ngisho nabalimi abanesipiliyoni abakwazi ukuvuna isivuno esikhulu samakhukhamba minyaka yonke - ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo semifino sifuna izimo ezikhulayo. Uma ukhukhamba engathandi okuthile, lesi sitshalo sifa ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uqaphela ukuthi ukhukhamba uphenduke waba phuzi, zama ukuthola isizathu ukuze uvuselele lesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye zezincazelo ezingenzeka kakhulu zalokho okuvame ukuthi ukhukhamba uphuzi futhi ubune.
Ukushisa nokukhanya
Lokhu kuyisiko le-thermophilic, ngakho-ke lidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku kanye nombuso wokushisa ongaguquguquki oqala kusuka ku- + 18 kuya +35 degrees. Ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa akufanele kudlule +6 degrees. Muva nje, isimo sezulu besilokhu siguquka, kanti umehluko wezinga lokushisa ngama-degree ayi-10-15, futhi lokhu sekuyizimo ezingezinhle neze zamakhukhamba. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi izinga lokushisa endaweni yokugcina izithombo ligcinwa cishe ezingeni elifanayo, umswakama awudluli kuma-75%, ngaphandle kwezinguquko zezulu zangaphandle. Ukhukhamba awulibekezeleli ilanga elikhipha umkhovu etsheni (khona manjalo “ushise”), ukubanda okunamandla okubandayo (ukuwa kwamaqanda) nokukhanya okunganele.
Ukunisela
Ukuntuleka komswakama wamakhukhamba kubhubhisa ikakhulukazi, isitshalo sizolahlekelwa amandla, izithelo zizoba phuzi. Kepha udinga ukunisela ukhukhamba kahle.
Lawula eyodwa: ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokulingene esigabeni sokukhula kwemivimbo, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, umthamo wamanzi uyakhuphuka, kepha akunakwenzeka ukugcwala isitshalo ngokweqile: izimpande zibola kusuka kumswakama omningi, isitshalo siyafa. Hlola isimo senhlabathi.
Umthetho wesibili: amanzi ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Emini, elangeni elikhanyayo, lokhu akunakwenziwa, amaqabunga angashiswa, aphenduke aphuzi futhi omile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumakhukhamba akhula endle.
Umthetho wesithathu: Kunconywa ukuthi ubeke ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwamanzi okunisela emiphongolweni ukuze kufudumele futhi kukhululeke emazingeni okushisa ezitshalo, ukhukhamba onisela amakhaza awubekezeleli kahle.
Umthetho wesine: ngemuva kokuchelela, vula i-greenhouse ukuze kungene umoya ukuze ukufingqa kungakheki ezindongeni zendlu abamba ukushisa kanye namaqabunga esitshalo - umswakama owedlulele uyonakalisa ikhukhamba. Ngemuva kokuchelela, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe.
Ukushoda noma ukweqisa komanyolo
Ikhukhamba lidinga ukondliwa njalo, ikakhulukazi ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-nitrogen. Kepha uma uchelela ngamanyolo, qaphela lapho wenza isixazululo futhi ubheke inqubo yokuphakela, ngoba isitshalo singafa ngenxa yokugcwala kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo ze-potassium, i-magnesium, ithusi.
Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezilandelwayo kuyingozi kukhukhamba, kepha ingozi enkulu ivela ekudleni okweqile nokungafanele - lapho isixazululo singena emaqabungeni, kwakhiwa ne-foci yokusha, lesi sitshalo siphenduka siphuzi sibune.
Izifo
Ikhukhamba libuthaka ekulweni nezifo, futhi amathuba maningi okuthi amaqabunga nezithelo ziphenduke zaba phuzi futhi zome ngoba isitshalo siyagula. Phakathi kwezinkinga zayo ezithile ku-greenhouse kunezifo zefungal, lapho kuvela amabala emaqabungeni, izithelo ziba zincane, zisonteke, amaqanda amasha awe. Ukuze ungashiywa ngaphandle kwesitshalo, kungcono ukuxhumana nabachwepheshe bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuqeda lesi sifo. Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, lapho utshala, khetha imbewu kusuka kumakhukhamba amelana nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane.
Ukubola kwezimpande kuthinta isitshalo ngenxa yokunisela okuningi (kufaka phakathi amanzi abandayo), inhlabathi ivaliwe, impande yamakhukhamba ayinayo i-oxygen eyanele, izindawo ezibuthakathaka zivezwa amagciwane e-phytopathogenic. Amaqabunga asenkingeni aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe, isitshalo siyafa.
Isikhunta esimpunga futhi kwenzeka kusuka kumswakama ophakeme, umoya omile endaweni abamba ukushisa kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufaka umoya njalo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngemuva kokuchelela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye gwema okusalungiswa.
Ukhukhamba ugula kalula uma lina, kupholile ehlobo isikhutha esiyimpuphu… Lesi yisifo sokukhunta: ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kuqala ukuvela emaqabungeni, iqabunga liyafiphala kancane kancane bese liyoma.
Umswakama uvusa intuthuko futhi isikhutha - peronosporosis. Amaqabunga ekhukhamba ambozwe nge-yellow foci "yamazolo", izindawo ezinegciwane ziyanda, isitshalo siyoma. Izinhlamvu zefungal zingatholakala embewini. Isigaba esisebenzayo sesifo nguJuni-Agasti.
Uma ikhukhamba lihluma emini bese lilulama ebusuku, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokuthi isitshalo siyathinteka fusarium bafuna… Yisinye isikhunta esiphila enhlabathini esisabalalisa izinhlamvu ezinomoya futhi sidluliswa ngembewu. Isikhathi esithile, lesi sitshalo siyakhula, kepha ngokubonakala kwe-ovary, asinawo amandla, amaqabunga omile futhi abune.
inyamazane
Le yinkinga enkulu kakhulu uma utshala imifino. Futhi i-greenhouse enezimo zayo ezincane ze-microclimate nezokufakelwa ayizivikeli izitshalo ekuhlaselweni kwezilokazane ezinambuzane. Ukuhlaselwa kukaZelentsy kaningi kunabanye isicabucabu… Kubonakala ekuphakameni kwehlobo, emazingeni okushisa ashisayo, kuyazinamathisela ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga bese kuqala ukuluka iwebhu. Ikhukhamba isiswebhu iyabuna, amaqabunga ajika aphuzi.
Elinye ishwa liba i-aphid… Idla ubisi lwezitshalo futhi iyakwazi ukubhubhisa ukutshala ngesikhathi esifushane. Ama-aphid athwalwa yizintuthwane, ezihlala njalo ngobuningi endlini eluhlaza. Ungasusa kanjani izintuthwane, funda lapha.
Omunye umlandeli omkhulu wesiko lekhukhamba i-greenhouse whitewash… Kuyiqiniso, kulula ukubhekana nakho: amakhambi abantu, isibonelo, isisombululo segalikhi, usizo, benza nezicupho - iziqukathi eziphuzi ngokugqamile ngesiraphu enamathelayo.
Ukufika okungaphumelelanga
Uma izithombo zazitshalwe ebangeni elincane ukusuka komunye nomunye, khona-ke izitshalo zabantu abadala zizodinga ukukhanya, umoya nezakhi zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhukhamba akazwani engadini eduze kwezitshalo ezithile, njengotamatisi. Ngalesi sizathu, imivimbo yekhukhamba nayo iphelelwa ngamandla, ichithe ama-ovari.
Ayikho impova
Amaqabunga ekhukhamba abuna uma kukhona impova enganele. Uma izinhlobo zamakhukhamba ezine-bee-pollinated zikhula ku-greenhouse, udinga ukuvula iminyango namawindi we-greenhouse ukuze ufinyelele izinambuzane, ungafaka isisombululo esimnandi ku-greenhouse - lokhu kuzoheha izinyosi. Uma izinhlobo zokuzitholela impova zitshalwa, khona-ke udinga ukubasiza ngokuphakamisa kancane iziswebhu.