Ubuchopho buhlukaniswe nomzimba wonke ngesithiyo segazi nobuchopho. Ngabe amagciwane awela kanjani umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho ukufinyelela uhlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa? Sisebenza kanjani isithiyo sobuchopho begazi?

Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho yisithiyo esikhetha kakhulu umsebenzi waso omkhulu ukuhlukanisa isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi (CNS) egazini. Indlela esebenza ngayo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula eduze ukuhwebelana phakathi kwegazi negumbi lobuchopho. Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho ngakho-ke sihlukanisa ubuchopho nomzimba wonke futhi sibunikeze indawo ethize, ehlukile kunendawo yangaphakathi yomzimba wonke.

Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho sinezinto zokuhlunga ezikhethekile ezikuvumela ukuthi kuvimbele izinto zangaphandle ezingaba nobuthi ekungeneni ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.

Lesi sithiyo se-hemoencephalic, sibonga isihlungi saso esikhetha kakhulu, singavumela ukudlula kwamanzi, amagesi athile kanye nama-molecule we-liposoluble ngokusabalalisa okungahambanga nje, kanye nokuthuthwa okukhethiwe kwama-molecule anjenge-glucose nama-amino acid adlala indima. kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-neuronal futhi kuvimbele ukungena kwama-neurotoxin angama-lipophilic, ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuthutha esebenzayo ye-glycoprotein.

Ama-astrocyte (asiza ukugcina imvelo yamakhemikhali nekagesi ngokunikeza izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ebuchosheni nokukhipha imfucuza yazo) kubalulekile ekwakheni lesi sithiyo.

Umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho uvikela ubuchopho kubuthi nezithunywa ezijikeleza egazini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndima inhlangothi zombili, ngoba futhi ivimbela ukungena kwama-molecule ngezinhloso zokwelapha.

Amanye amagciwane asengadlula lo mngcele egazini noma ngokuthuthwa kwe- "retrograde axonal". Ukuphazamiseka kwesithiyo segazi nobuchopho kubangelwa izifo ezahlukahlukene.

Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile ekugcineni i-cerebral homeostasis, umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho futhi ungaba ukuqala kwezifo ezithile zemizwa ezinjengezifo ze-neurodegenerative kanye nezilonda zobuchopho ezifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD) kepha ezihlala zingavamile kakhulu. .

ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela

Ezinye izifo, njengesifo sikashukela, nazo zinomthelela omubi ekugcineni kwesithiyo segazi nobuchopho.

Ezinye izifo

Amanye ama-pathologies, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-endothelium evela ngaphakathi, okungukuthi, isithiyo sonke segazi nobuchopho sonakaliswa yizenzo ezivela kumatrix angaphandle kwamangqamuzana.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, izifo eziningi zobuchopho zikhonjiswa yiqiniso lokuthi amagciwane athile angawela umgoqo wegazi-wobuchopho obangela ukutheleleka kobuchopho okuyizifo ezibhubhisayo ezihambisana nokufa okuphezulu noma kwabasindile be-sequelae ebucayi yezinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane, ama-bacterium, isikhunta, igciwane le-HI, igciwane lesintu i-T-lymphotropic 1, igciwane le-West Nile kanye namagciwane, njenge-Neisseria meningitidis noma i-Vibrio cholerae.

Ku-multiple sclerosis, "ama-pathogen" amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba awele umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho.

Amaseli we-Metastatic awela ngempumelelo umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho kwezinye izicubu ezingezona zobuchopho futhi angadala imastastases ebuchosheni (glioblastoma).

Ukwelapha ubuchopho ngokuwela isithiyo segazi nobuchopho luhambo lwangempela ngoba futhi kuvimbela ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinesakhiwo esikhulu samangqamuzana, endaweni edinga ukwelashwa.

Eminye imishanguzo efana neTemozolomide, esetshenziselwa ukulwa neglioblastoma inezakhi zamakhemikhali nezomzimba eziyivumela ukuthi idlule isithiyo futhi ifinyelele isimila.

Enye yezinto ezihlolwe emzameni wokuqeda le nkinga ukusebenzisa amasu angangena ngomgoqo wegazi nobuchopho.

Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho siyisithiyo esibalulekile ekwelashweni, kepha ucwaningo luyaqhubeka.

Umkhiqizo wokuqala wokuqhathanisa owenzelwe i-MRI kwakungu-gadolinium (Gd) bese kuba yi-Gd-DTPA77, okwenze ukuthi kutholakale ama-MRIs athuthuke kakhulu okuxilongwa izilonda zasendaweni zesithiyo segazi nobuchopho. Imolekyuli ye-Gd-DTPA ayinakunqobeka kakhulu ukuwela umgoqo wegazi-nobuchopho onempilo.

Ezinye izindlela zokucabanga

Ukusetshenziswa kwe- "single-photon emission tomography" noma "positron emission tomography".

Amaphutha ekuvinjelweni kobuchopho begazi nawo angahlolwa ngokusabalalisa kwemidiya efanelekile yokuqhathanisa kusetshenziswa i-computed tomography.