Ukugeleza komfula ongaphansi komhlaba wensimbi encibilikisiwe, etholakala ekujuleni okukhulu futhi odlula ngaphansi kweRussian Federation neCanada, kuya ngesivinini. Izinga lokushisa lalo mfula lifaniswa nalelo ebusweni beLanga.
Umfula wensimbi watholwa ochwepheshe abaqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezizibuthe ezingaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphansi komhlaba. Izinkomba zikalwa emkhathini. Umfudlana unosayizi omkhulu - ububanzi bawo budlula amamitha angu-3. Kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka lamanje, ijubane lokugeleza kwalo liye landa izikhathi ezingu-4. Manje isizungeza ngaphansi komhlaba eSiberia, kodwa unyaka nonyaka ishintshela emazweni aseYurophu ngamakhilomitha angama-3-40. Lokhu kuphindwe izikhathi ezi-45 kunejubane uketshezi oluhamba ngalo engxenyeni engaphandle yomhlaba. Isizathu sokusheshisa ukugeleza asikaziwa okwamanje. Ngokochwepheshe abahilelekile ekucwaningeni kwayo, ingokwemvelo, futhi iminyaka yayo iyizigidigidi zeminyaka. Ngokombono wabo, lesi senzakalo sizonikeza ulwazi mayelana nenqubo yokwakheka kwezizibuthe zeplanethi yethu.
Ukutholakala kwalo mfula kubalulekile kwezesayensi, kusho ongoti UPhil Livermore, ohola ithimba eNyuvesi yaseLeeds, uthi ukutholwa kubalulekile. Ithimba lakhe belazi ukuthi uketshezi oluwuketshezi luzungeza okuqinile, kodwa kuze kube manje belingenayo imininingwane eyanele yokubona lo mfula. Ngokusho komunye uchwepheshe, luncane ulwazi mayelana nengqikithi yoMhlaba kuneLanga. Ukutholakala kwalokhu kugeleza kuyimpumelelo ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwezinqubo ezenzeka emathunjini eplanethi. Ukugeleza kutholwe kusetshenziswa amandla amasathelayithi e-Swarm angu-3, aqalwa ngo-2013. Ayakwazi ukukala insimu kazibuthe yomhlaba ekujuleni okungeqile kumakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka phezulu, lapho umngcele phakathi kwenkango yangaphandle encibilikisiwe kanye nesigqoko esiqinile. uyadlula. Ngokusho kukaLivermore, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ama-satellites angu-3 kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa amandla kazibuthe oqweqwe lomhlaba kanye ne-ionosphere; ososayensi banikezwe ithuba lokuthola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nama-oscillations okwenzeka lapho kuhlangana khona isiphuku kanye nomnyombo wangaphandle. Ngokwenza amamodeli ngokusekelwe kudatha entsha, ochwepheshe banqume uhlobo lwezinguquko ekuguquguqukeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
umfudlana ongaphansi komhlaba Ukubonakala kwensimu kazibuthe yeplanethi yethu kubangelwa ukuhamba kwensimbi ewuketshezi engxenyeni engaphandle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukucwaninga kwendawo kazibuthe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezinqubo ezenzeka ku-nucleus exhumene nayo. Ukutadisha "umfula wensimbi", ochwepheshe bahlola amabhande amabili we-magnetic flux, anamandla angavamile. Zivela lapho kuhlangana khona umnyombo wangaphandle nesiphuku, esingaphansi komhlaba eSiberia naseNyakatho Melika. Ukunyakaza kwala maqembu kwaqoshwa, okuxhumene nokuhamba komfula. Zinyakaza kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya lamanje, ngakho-ke zisebenza njengamamaki akuvumela ukuthi uwulandele. NgokukaLivermore, lokhu kulandelelwa kungafaniswa nokubuka ebusuku umfula ojwayelekile, lapho kuntanta khona amakhandlela avuthayo. Lapho ihamba, ukugeleza “kwensimbi” kuthwala amandla kazibuthe kanye nawo. Ukugeleza ngokwako kufihliwe emehlweni abacwaningi, kodwa bayakwazi ukubona imithende kazibuthe.
Inqubo yokwakhiwa komfula Imfuneko yokwakhiwa komfula "wensimbi" kwakuwukujikeleza kokugeleza kwensimbi ezungeze umnyombo oqinile, ngokusho kwethimba lososayensi eliholwa nguLivermore. Eduze kwenkambo eqinile kukhona amasilinda ensimbi encibilikisiwe azungezayo futhi asuke enyakatho aye eningizimu. Ebhalwe kumgogodla oqinile, afaka ingcindezi kuwo; ngenxa yalokho, insimbi ewuketshezi iyakhama iye emaceleni, okwenza umfula. Ngakho-ke, umsuka kanye nokuqala kokuhamba kwamagnetic fields amabili, afana namacembe, kwenzeka; ukusetshenziswa kwamasathelayithi kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuzibona nokusungula ukubhekwa kwazo. Umbuzo wokuthi yini ebangela ukuthi i-magnetic flux ikhulise isivinini inesithakazelo esikhulu. Kunombono wokuthi lesi senzakalo singase sihlotshaniswe nokujikeleza kwenkango yangaphakathi. Ngokwemiphumela etholwe ngochwepheshe ngo-2005, isivinini sakamuva siphezulu kancane kunesoqweqwe lomhlaba. Ngokusho kukaLivermore, njengoba umfula “wensimbi” usuka endaweni kazibuthe, izinga lokusheshisa kwawo liyancipha. Ukugeleza kwayo kunomthelela ekubukekeni kwezizibuthe, kodwa kamuva amandla kazibuthe nawo athinta ukugeleza. Ucwaningo lomfula luzovumela ososayensi ukuthi bathole ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezinqubo ezisemoyeni womhlaba futhi bathole ukuthi yini ethinta ukuqina kwamandla kazibuthe eplanethi.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-polarity U-Livermore uthi uma ososayensi bekwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela inkambu kazibuthe, bangaqonda futhi ukuthi ishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi kungalindeleka yini ukuthi ibe buthakathaka noma iqinise. Lo mbono usekelwa abanye ochwepheshe. Ngokusho kwabo, lapho ukuqonda okuphelele kochwepheshe kwezinqubo ezenzeka emnyombeni, maningi amathuba okuba bathole ulwazi mayelana nemvelaphi yensimu kazibuthe, ukuvuselelwa kwayo nokuziphatha esikhathini esizayo.