Okuqukethwe
Adlani amakhowe
Ngokohlobo lokudla okunomsoco, amakhowe ahlukaniswa abe ama-symbionts nama-saprotrophs. Ama-Symbionts enza i-parasitize izinto eziphilayo. Futhi ama-saprotrophs ahlanganisa iningi lesikhunta kanye namakhowe we-cap, imvubelo. Isikhunta seSaprotrophic sakha i-mycelium ehlala njalo nsuku zonke. Ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kanye nezici zesakhiwo, i-mycelium ihlotshaniswa eduze ne-substrate, egaywe kancane ngama-enzyme afihliwe ngaphandle komzimba wesikhunta, bese ingena emangqamuzaneni esikhunta njengokudla.
Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi amakhowe awanayo i-chlorophyll, ancike ngokuphelele ekubeni khona komthombo wokudla okunomsoco, osuvele ulungele ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele.
Inqwaba yesikhunta isebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezifile ukuze ithole ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo, izimpande ezibolayo, udoti wehlathi obolayo, njll. Umsebenzi owenziwa amakhowe ukubola izinto eziphilayo uyinzuzo enkulu emahlathini, njengoba andisa izinga. yokucekelwa phansi kwamaqabunga omile, amagatsha kanye nezihlahla ezifile ezazingasakaza ihlathi.
Isikhunta sikhula noma yikuphi lapho kunezinsalela zezitshalo, isibonelo, amaqabunga awile, izinkuni ezindala, izinsalela zezilwane, futhi zibangele ukubola kwazo kanye namaminerali, kanye nokwakheka kwe-humus. Ngakho-ke, isikhunta singama-decomposers (ababhubhisi), njengamabhaktheriya nezinye izinto ezincane.
Amakhowe ahluke kakhulu ekhonweni lawo lokumunca izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. Abanye bangadla kuphela ama-carbohydrate alula, ama-alcohol, ama-organic acid (amakhowe kashukela), abanye bayakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme e-hydrolytic abola isitashi, amaprotheni, i-cellulose, i-chitin futhi akhule kuma-substrates aqukethe lezi zinto.
Isikhunta esiyiParasitic
Ukuphila kwalezi sikhunta kwenziwa ngezindleko zezinye izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganisa. izihlahla ezivuthiwe. Isikhunta esinjalo singangeniswa emifantwini eyakhiwe ngokungahleliwe noma singene ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ngendlela yezinhlamvu ezithwalwa izinambuzane ezidla izimbobo emagxolweni. Amabhungane e-Sapwood abhekwa njengabathwali abakhulu bezinhlamvu. Uma uzihlola ngokuningiliziwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope, khona-ke ezingxenyeni zamathambo angaphandle alezi zinambuzane, kanye negobolondo lamasende azo, kukhona i-hyphae. Njengomphumela wokungena kwe-mycelium yesikhunta esiyi-parasitic ezitsheni zezitshalo, ama-fibrous seals anemibala emhlophe akhiwa ezicutshini "zomphathi", ngenxa yalokho abuna ngokushesha futhi afe.
Nokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuba khona isikhunta ukuthi parasitize ezinye isikhunta. Isibonelo esimangalisayo salokhu yi-Boletus parasiticus, engakhula ngokukhethekile kusikhunta sohlobo lwe-Scleroderma (ama-puffball amanga). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho mehluko ocacile phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa. Isibonelo, amaqembu athile esikhunta esiyi-parasitic, ngenxa yezimo ezithile, angaba ama-saprophyte aphelele. Izibonelo zesikhunta esinjalo yi-tinder fungus, kanye ne-autumn mushroom evamile, engasebenzisa izinsiza ze-"host" futhi ibulale ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngemva kokufa, isebenzisa izicubu ezivele zifile empilweni yayo. umsebenzi.