Izintambo zezwi, noma amafolda asezwini, asezingeni lomphimbo, avumela ukufona.

Isikhundla. Okubili ngesibalo, imisipha yezwi itholakala ngaphakathi komsele owakhiwe umphimbo (1). Ngaphakathi kwalomsele, izintambo zezwi zitholakala cishe nge-8mm ukusuka emaphethelweni angezansi we-cartilage ye-thyroid (1). Zisuka phambili ziye emuva, bese zakha isakhiwo esimise okwe-V esikhomba phambili.

• Ngaphambili, imisipha yezwi inamathela kuqwanga lwegilo lengqula.
• Ngemuva, izintambo zezwi zinamathisela kuqwanga lwe-arytenoid, ezingeni lenqubo yezwi.

Ukwakheka. Izintambo zezwi zenziwa ngezinto eziningana (1):

• Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwezintambo zezwi lwenziwa nge-epithelium ne-chorion. Lesi sakamuva sinezinqwaba ezakha i-vocal ligament noma i-ligament ye-thyro-arytenoid ephansi.
• Inqubo yezwi isakhiwo se-cartilaginous esetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-vocal ligament ezingeni le-arytenoid cartilage.
• Imisipha yezintambo zezwi yimisipha yezwi, etholakala ebukhulu bezintambo zezwi, kanye nemisipha ye-crico-thyroid. Yenziwe izinyanda ezimbili, lezi zamuva ziyangenelela ekunyakazeni kokunyakazisa koqwanga lwe-arytenoid, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumele ukungezwani kwezintambo zezwi.

Ukuswela. Izintambo zezwi zinezindawo zokugcina ezizwelayo, ezizwelayo nezizimoto. Ukulondolozwa kwemizwa kwenziwa nge-laryngeal nerve ephakeme. Imisipha yezwi kanye nemisipha ye-crico-thyroid ayinakutholwa yinyama ephindayo ye-laryngeal kanye ne-laryngeal nerve yangaphandle, ngokulandelana (1).

Indima yokugwinya. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudluliswa kokudla noma uketshezi kudoti nakumaphaphu, ama-epiglotti avale umphimbo bese izintambo zezwi ziyahlangana (2).

Umsebenzi wokuphefumula. Ama-epiglottis nezintambo zezwi zidlulisa umoya ohogela emgqonyeni nasemaphashini, nomoya ophefumulayo uye ku-pharynx (2).

Umzimba wenkulumo. Umsindo wenkulumo ukhishwa lapho umoya okhishwe umoya udlidliza imisipha yezwi.

Umphimbo obuhlungu. Ezimweni eziningi, zinomsuka wegciwane. Endabeni ye-laryngitis noma i-epiglottitis, ingaxhunyaniswa nesifo segciwane.

I-Laryngitis. Ihambisana nokuvuvukala komphimbo, ikakhulukazi ezintanjeni zezwi. Okuhle noma okungapheli, kungabonakala njengokukhwehlela ne-dysphonia (ukuphazamiseka kwendlela). Kubucayi kakhulu ezinganeni futhi kungahle kuhambisane ne-dyspnea (ukuphefumula kanzima) (3).

I-Vocal cord nodule. I-nodule ibhola lezicubu elingakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ezintanjeni zezwi. Lezi zivame ukuba izicubu ezinobungozi, noma umdlavuza uma i-nodule kuvela ukuthi iyisilonda.

Umdlavuza wezintambo zezwi. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza womphimbo (4).

Imithi elwa namagciwane noma elwa nokuvuvukala. I-antibiotic ingahle inqunyelwe ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala nazo zingabekwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

I-Tracheotomy. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuqukethe ukuvuleka ezingeni lomphimbo ukuvumela ukudlula komoya nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa umoya.

I-Laryngectomy. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zomdlavuza, ukususwa komphimbo kungenziwa (5).

I-Radiotherapy. Amaseli womdlavuza abhujiswa ngokuchayeka kuma-x-ray (5).

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kunganikezwa imithi yokunqanda ukusabalala komdlavuza.

I-laryngoscopy engaqondile. Kukuvumela ukuthi ubuke umphimbo usebenzisa isibuko esincane esibekwe ngemuva komphimbo (6).

I-laryngoscopy eqondile. Umphimbo ucwaningwa kusetshenziswa ishubhu eliqinile futhi eliguquguqukayo elethwe ngamakhala. Lokhu kungenelela kungavumela nokuthi kuthathwe isampula (i-biopsy) uma ukuhlolwa kudinga ukuthi (6).

I-Laryngopharyngography. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-x-ray komphimbo kungenziwa ukuqedela ukuxilongwa (6).

Isikhundla esiphansi se-larynx kubantu banamuhla uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo sasiyisihloko somqondo ngemvelaphi yolimi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva lukhombisa ukuthi amandla okukhuluma makhulu kakhulu (7).