Intamo yesifazane (kusuka ku-Latin femur) iyingxenye ye-femur, okuyithambo elilodwa lethanga eliphakathi kwe-hip nedolo.

Ukwakheka. Intamo ye-femur iyingxenye ye-femur, futhi ngokuthe ngqo isiphetho esiseduze se-femur (1). Njengoba i-femur imile, yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu:

• isiphetho esiseduze, esinqeni futhi sakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu (1):

  - ikhanda le-femur, elise-acetabulum, umgodi wamathambo we-coxal, owenza i-hip;

  - intamo ye-femur exhumanisa ikhanda ne-diaphysis;

  - ama-trochanters amabili ama-bony protrusions, abekwe ezingeni lokuxhumana kwentamo nekhanda.

• ukuphela okukude, okukhona ezingeni lamadolo;
• i-diaphysis, noma umzimba, ingxenye emaphakathi yethambo etholakala phakathi kwemikhawulo emibili.

Amalunga entamo yesifazane. Intamo ye-femur kanye nenhloko ye-femur yenza i-engeli nomzimba we-femur, ebizwa ngokuthi i-neck and shaft angle. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ngesikhathi sobuntwana, leli engeli libe selikala ngokwesilinganiso ukusuka ku-115 ° kuya ku-140 °.

Ukudluliswa kwesisindo. Intamo yesifazane ibandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwesisindo somzimba kusuka ethanjeni le-hip kuya ku-tibia (2).

Amandla omzimba. Amalunga e-femur enqulwini abamba iqhaza ekhonweni lomzimba lokunyakaza nokugcina ukuma okuqondile. (2)

Kucatshangelwa izithiyo ezibekwa ukudluliswa kwesisindo kanye nokuguquguquka komzimba emzimbeni we-femur, lesi sakamuva singenye yezingxenye ezibucayi kakhulu ze-femur (1).

Ukuphuka kwentamo yesifazane. Okuvame kakhulu ukuphuka kwe-femoral yilezo ezisentanyeni ye-femur, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile abane-osteoporosis. Ukuphuka kubonakaliswa ubuhlungu e-hip.

I-epiphysis yekhanda lesifazane. I-Epiphysiolysis ibonakala ngokungajwayelekile koqwembe lwe-epiphyseal, olubhekisela ku-plaque osekupheleni kwethambo elide njenge-femur. Lesi sifo singakhula ekugcineni kwe-femur okwenza ikhanda le-femur liqhume entanyeni ye-femur. Le nhlangano futhi ingadala okunye ukungajwayelekile njenge-coxa vara, ukuguqulwa kwengxenye ephezulu yesifazane. (1)

ithanga lethanga, i-valgus yethanga. Lezi zinkinga zihambisana nokuguqulwa kwengxenye engenhla ye-femur ngokuguqulwa kwe-angle yokuthambekela phakathi kwentamo nomzimba we-femur. Le engeli ivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-115 ° no-140 °. Uma le engeli iphansi ngokungavamile, sikhuluma ngayo induku ethangeni, ngenkathi iphakeme ngokungajwayelekile, iyi- ukukhanya kwethanga. (I-1)

Izifo zamathambo.

• kwamathambo. Le pathology ihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukuminyana kwamathambo okuvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60. Igqamisa ubuthakathaka bamathambo futhi ikhuthaze izikweletu. (3)
• Umdlavuza we-bone. Ama-metastases angakhula emathanjeni. Lawa maseli omdlavuza avame ukuvela kumdlavuza oyinhloko kwesinye isitho. (4)
• I-dystrophy yamathambo. Le pathology ihlanganisa ukukhula okungavamile noma ukulungiswa kabusha kwezicubu zamathambo futhi ihlanganisa izifo eziningi. Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu, i-Paget's disease (5) sibangela ukucinana kwamathambo kanye nokuguqulwa, okuholela ebuhlungu. I-Algodystrophy isho ukubonakala kobuhlungu kanye/noma ukuqina okulandela ukuhlukumezeka (ukuphuka, ukuhlinzwa, njll.).

Ukwelashwa. Kuye ngesifo esitholakele, ukwelashwa okuhlukene kungase kunqunywe ukulawula noma ukuqinisa izicubu zamathambo, kanye nokunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokubekwa kwezikhonkwane, ipuleti eligciniwe isikulufa, isilungisi sangaphandle noma kwezinye izimo isitho sokufakelwa.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukufakwa kosimende noma i-resin kungenziwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Izindlela zokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ezinjenge-physiotherapy noma i-physiotherapy, zingahle zinqunywe.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hormonal, i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingabekwa ngokuya ngesigaba sokuqhubeka komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwezitho ezingezansi kanye nobuhlungu be-pelvic ukuze kutholakale izimbangela zabo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-scintigraphy noma i-densitometry yethambo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze ubone izifo ezithile, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi noma komchamo kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-phosphorus noma i-calcium.

I-biopsy yamathambo. Kwezinye izimo, kuthathwa isampula lamathambo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

NgoDisemba 2015, umagazini i-PLOS ONE wethula udaba olumayelana nokutholwa kwesifazane esivela ohlotsheni lwangaphambi kwesikhathi. (6) Latholwa ngonyaka we-1989 eChina, leli thambo alizange lifundwe kuze kube ngu-2012. Njengoba lisukela emuva eminyakeni eyi-14, leli thambo libukeka lingelolohlobo olusondela kuHomo mobile orHomo erectus ekugcineni. Abantu bakudala bebengasinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-Ice Age yokugcina, eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Lokhu kutholakala kungakhombisa ukuba khona kohlu olusha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo (000).