I-United Nations (UN) 2016 unyaka Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokuphunyuka. Kodwa noma ngabe lokhu akuzange kwenzeke, unyaka odlule usengaqashelwa ngaphandle kokungabaza ngokuthi "unyaka wama-vegans". Kukhona izigidi eziyi-16 zemifino kanye nemifino e-US kuphela… Ngo-2016, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yenyama yemifino kanye ne-vegan yafinyelela ku-$ 3.5 billion, futhi ngo-2054, imikhiqizo yenyama ekhiqizwa ezimbonini engu-13 ibikezelwa ukuthi izothathelwa indawo ezinye ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. I-anti-vegetarian, edla inyama ethandwayo yokudla kwe-Paleo iye yachithwa: Ososayensi baseBrithani ezingeni le-Ministry of Health baye baphikisa i-hypothesis mayelana nezinzuzo zokudla kwe-Paleo kanye nomkhuba wayo wokudla omubi kakhulu we-2015 edlule.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2015-2016, kwavela izitayela eziningi zemifino kanye ne-vegan: kokubili okunempilo futhi akunempilo kakhulu! Amathrendi onyaka:
1. "I-Gluten ayinayo." I-boom ye-gluten-free iyaqhubeka, igqugquzelwa kakhulu ukukhangisa okuvela kubakhiqizi abangenayo i-gluten abaphoqa ngisho nabantu abangayizwani ne-gluten ukuthi bathenge ukudla "okungenayo i-gluten". Ngokwezibalo, yi-0.3-1% kuphela yabantu emhlabeni abaphethwe yisifo se-celiac (i-gluten allergies). Kodwa "impi" ye-gluten iyaqhubeka. Ngokwezibikezelo zakamuva zaseMelika, ngo-2019 imikhiqizo engenayo i-gluten izothengiswa ngenani lamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye. Imikhiqizo engenayo i-gluten inenzuzo encane kubantu abangahambisani ne-gluten. Kodwa lokhu akubavimbi ngokusobala abathengi, ngokusobala, abafuna ukuzithokozisa bona nemindeni yabo ngokuthile “okuwusizo” kubo nemindeni yabo - ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni.
2. "Imifino Esekelwe". Ukuduma kokulebula okusekelwe ezitshalweni e-US (lapho kuvela khona wonke amathrendi e-vegan) kungqubuzana nesiqubulo esingenayo i-gluten. Abathengi bashanela emashalofini yonke into “esekelwe ezitshalweni”! Ama-Cutlets, "ubisi" (soy) ama-shakes, ama-protein bars, amaswidi athengiswa kahle - njalo "asekelwe esitshalweni". Kalula nje, kusho ukuthi "100% umkhiqizo we-vegan" ... Kodwa "okusekelwe esitshalweni" kuzwakala kuyimfashini kakhulu kune-"vegan" eyaziwa kakade.
3. “Ilungele uhlelo lokugaya ukudla.” Olunye uhlobo lomkhiqizo oshisayo owenza izihloko zezindaba ze-vegan - nokunye okwengeziwe! – imicibisholo. Singakhuluma ngenani eliphakeme lesibili ekudumeni kwama-probiotics, ngoba. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, bavame ukukhuluma “ngenzuzo yokugaya ukudla.” Eqinisweni, ama-probiotics angathuthukisa amasosha akho omzimba! Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ukusungula ukusebenza kahle kwamathumbu kuwumsebenzi wokuqala kunoma yikuphi ukudla, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala, ngokwesibonelo, ukushintshela ku-vegan noma ukudla okuluhlaza. Noma kunjalo, "ama-probiotics", "i-microflora enobungani" namanye amagama abonisa okwenzekayo ekujuleni kwamathumbu ethu asemfashinini. Ukunaka komphakathi wezokudla okunomsoco kulolu hlangothi lwe-vegetarianism kanye ne-veganism akukhuthazwa nje izinzuzo ezinesikhathi eside zasungulwa empilweni yonke.
4. Izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zabantu basendulo. "I-Gluten-free" noma nayo, kodwa "izinhlamvu zasendulo" ziyi-super trend ka-2016. I-Amaranth, i-quinoa, i-millet, i-bulgur, i-kamut, i-buckwheat, i-farro, i-sorghum - lawa magama asevele ethathe indawo yawo ku-vocabulary ye-vegetarian. olandela izitayela zakamuva. Futhi kuyiqiniso, ngoba lezi zinhlamvu eziphelele azinikezi nje amathani wefayibha namaprotheni emzimbeni, kodwa futhi zimnandi futhi zihlukanisa ukudla. E-US, manje sebebizwa ngokuthi "izinhlamvu zasendulo zekusasa." Kungenzeka ukuthi ikusasa ngelalezi zinhlamvu, ezicebile ngezinto eziwusizo, hhayi elayisi elimhlophe laseShayina nelaseNdiya elishintshwe izakhi zofuzo.
5. Imfashini yemvubelo yokudla okunempilo. E-US, kunomkhuba "wemvubelo yesondlo" - Nutritional East - Nooch ngamafuphi. "I-Nuch" ayiyona into engaphezu kwemvubelo evamile yokudla okunomsoco (i-slaked). Lo mkhiqizo onempilo uqukethe inani eliphindwe kathathu le-vitamin B12 ngosuku nje lwesipuni esingu-1, futhi ucebile ngamaprotheni kanye ne-fiber. “Awu, zithini izindaba lapha,” uyabuza, “ogogo basidlise imvubelo!” Eqinisweni, "okusha" yigama elisha kanye nokupakishwa okusha komkhiqizo omdala. I-Nooch yeast ibizwa nangokuthi "i-vegan parmesan" futhi manje isesimweni. Imvubelo enomsoco ingangezwa ngemithamo emincane ku-pasta, ama-smoothies, futhi ifafazwe ngisho naku-popcorn.
6. Amafutha…avuselelwe! Kuze kube muva nje, imithombo eminingi “yesayensi” ibiphikisana ngokuthi amafutha ayingozi. Futhi vied nomunye ukunikeza izindlela zokuzivikela kukho. Namuhla, ososayensi "bakhumbula" ukuthi uma singayinaki isikhashana inkinga yokukhuluphala, okuyi-acute e-United States (lapho ithinta khona kusuka ku-30% kuya ku-70% yabantu, ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene), khona-ke amafutha ayadingeka! Ngaphandle kwamafutha, umuntu uzomane afe. Ingenye yezithako ezi-3 ezidingekayo ekudleni: ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amafutha. Amafutha abala cishe u-10% -20% wamakhalori wansuku zonke adliwe (azikho izinombolo eziqondile, ngoba izazi zokudla okunomsoco azivumelani ngale ndaba!). Ngakho manje sekuyimfashini ukudla ... “amafutha anempilo.” Yini? Akukho okudlula amafutha avamile, ngokwesisekelo emvelo, angacutshunguliwe atholakala ekudleni kwethu kwe-vegan nemifino, okufana namantongomane, ukwatapheya, neyogathi. Manje kuyimfashini ukwazi ukuthi amafutha, ngokwawo, awayona ingozi!
7. Okwesibili "ukuvuselelwa" okunjalo kwenzeka ngoshukela. Ososayensi baphinde “bakhumbula” ukuthi ushukela uwukuphila nje komzimba womuntu, okuhlanganisa nokugcina isimo esinempilo nokusebenza kobuchopho nemisipha. Kodwa, njengamafutha, udinga nje ukudla ushukela "onempilo". Futhi cishe “okuningi, kungcono”?! Waqala kanje umkhuba wezithelo ezinoshukela omningi. Umqondo uwukuthi izithelo ezinjalo (okungenani kuthiwa) zinikeza amandla asheshayo. “Imfashini”, okungukuthi izithelo “zoshukela” kakhulu yilezi: amagilebhisi, ama-tangerine, ama-cherries nama-cherries, ama-persimmons, ama-lychees, amadethi, amakhiwane, umango, ubhanana, amapomegranati - futhi, yiqiniso, izithelo ezomisiwe, lapho ushukela ulingana. ephakeme kunezithelo ezingezona ezomisiwe. Mhlawumbe lokhu (njengalowo odlule) kubangelwa ukuthi eNtshonalanga abantu abanesithakazelo ekuphileni okunempilo bafunda kabanzi mayelana nokudla kwezemidlalo. Ngempela, ngokungafani nalabo abakhuluphele futhi abaphila impilo yokunganyakazi, abantu abenza ukuqina bayakwazisa ukudla okunamafutha “anempilo” kanye noshukela “wemvelo”: kukuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise ngokushesha izidingo zomzimba zalezi zakhi. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi zonke lezi zindlela ezibonakala ziphikisana zivelaphi, futhi ungadideki lokho okudingayo ngokuqondile - ukunciphisa umzimba - ukunciphisa ushukela namafutha - noma ukukhulisa imisipha futhi ugcwalise ngekhwalithi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla omzimba okuhlotshaniswa nayo. ngokuqeqeshwa okujulile.
8. Mayelana nalokhu, akumangazi ukuthi ukwakheka kwendlela entsha - "Umsoco wezemidlalo ekudleni kwe-vegan". Ama-vegans ayanda anentshisekelo ezithasiselweni zomsoco zamakhambi kubasubathi. Izithako zokudla eziningi ezenzelwe “amajokhi” ziyasebenza kakhulu kwabangebona abasubathi. Isibonelo, i-100% ye-ethical vegan protein powders, (ama-amino acid e-branched chain), ukuzamazama ngemva kokujima kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo iya ngokuduma. Izibukeli zaseBrithani lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezihamba phambili ze-vegan eziyi-10 zonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengisi bathi, abathengi bakhetha ama-micro-brand, kunemikhiqizo yezinkampani ezinkulu - cishe befuna ukuthola umkhiqizo wemvelo ngisho nangokwezinga eliphezulu.
9. I-Biodynamic iyi-Organic entsha. Mhlawumbe abekho abantu abanesithakazelo ekudleni okunempilo abangazange bezwe ngemikhiqizo "" - ekhulile emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokuningi! Abaningi baze bakwenza umthetho wokubheka imikhiqizo ezitolo ezinkulu nasezimakethe, futhi lokhu kunezizathu ezingathi sína zesayensi. Igama elithi "organic" selisungulwe ngokuqinile empilweni yansuku zonke kangangokuthi ... seliyekile ukuba yimfashini. Kodwa "ayikho indawo engenalutho", futhi manje ungazama ukuthatha uhlobo olusha lokuphakama - kukhona "i-biodynamic". Imikhiqizo ye-“Biodynamic” iphephe nakakhulu, inempilo, futhi inobukhazikhazi kunemikhiqizo “ephilayo”. Imikhiqizo ye-“Biodynamic” itshalwa epulazini a) engasebenzisi izibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali. umanyolo, b) ikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele ngokwemithombo yayo (futhi lokhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusindisa "amamayela e-carbon"). Okusho ukuthi, ipulazi elinjalo liphakamisa umqondo wokulima okuphilayo () ezindaweni eziphakeme. ngingajabula. Inqubo yokwethula indinganiso entsha yezolimo yaqala ukulinyazwa yiketango elilodwa kuphela lokudayisa - elaseMelika - kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lolu hlelo luzosekelwa. Izindaba ezimbi ukuthi, ngokusobala, "i-biodynamic" izobiza kakhulu kune "organic".
10. Ukudla Ngokucabangela - omunye umthombo, umkhuba wakudala kakhulu "owabuya" ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX! Umbono wendlela ukuthi udinga ukudla hhayi phambi kwe-TV futhi hhayi kukhompuyutha, kodwa "ngomuzwa, ngomqondo, ngohlelo" - okungukuthi. "ngokuqaphela". E-US, manje sekuyimfashini kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani “ukushuna” ngesikhathi sokudla – okungukuthi “vula” ukudla (hhayi uhlelo lwe-TV) ngenkathi udla. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kusho ukubuka ipuleti, ukuzama konke okudlayo nokuhlafuna ngokucophelela, futhi ungagwinyi ngokushesha, futhi uzizwe ubonga uMhlaba kanye neLanga ngokukhula lokhu kudla, futhi, ekugcineni, ujabulele nje ukudla . Umqondo ufana noweNkathi Entsha, kodwa umuntu angajabulela kuphela ukubuya kwayo! Phela, njengoba kusanda kufakazelwa ukuthi yikho kanye lokhu “kudla ngokuqaphela” okusiza ukulwa “nezifo ezintsha zekhulu lama-XNUMX” - i-FNSS syndrome (“Full but Not Satisfied Syndrome”). I-FNSS yilapho umuntu edla “ukusutha”, kodwa engazizwa egcwele: enye yezimbangela zokukhuluphala ngokweqile e-United States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile omhlaba, lapho kukhona izinga eliphezulu lokucindezeleka kanye “nokushesha okukhulu” izinga lokuphila. Abalandeli bendlela entsha bathi uma ulandela isimiso "sokudla ngokuqaphela", ungabeka isisindo sakho nama-hormone ngokulandelana, kuyilapho ungazibeki imingcele eningi ngamakhalori namaswidi.